语法小小册子

1、优越教育中心 音标&语法提高班 一切为了孩子，为了孩子的一切 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级第24课时：一般现在时讲解1、 一般现在时基本用法介绍：（1）、经常性、习惯性的动作，如：I get up at six every day.（2）、现在的特征或状态，主要是含有be动词的。如： He is twelve. Kate is in the room.（3） 、普遍真理，如：The moon moves round the earth.（4）、在包含时间或条件状语从句的复合句中，主句谓语用一般现在时，主将从现。如：I wont go th

2、ere if it rains tomorrow. （5） 、表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力，如：I like English.She likes apples. / We can speak Chinese. 2、一般现在时关键词和标志词，即看到句子中有以下的关键词和标志词时就要马上想到用一般现在时时态（不是百分之一百的情况，只是在一般的情况下）。3、一般现在时的动词形式有三种：be动词、动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式。一般现在时态中动词有三种变化形式，分别是：（1）、主语是非第三人称单数的用动词原形（2）、主语是第三人称单数的用动词的第三人称单数形式。（3）、主语是I用am，是她/他/它用

3、is，主语是你或复数用are4、 一般来说，主语当做第三人称单数形式有以下几种情况： （1）、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如：  He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。   It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。（2）、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如：   Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。    Beij

4、ing is in China. 北京在中国。    Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。（3）、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：  A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。   This book is yours. 这本书是你的。    That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。   The cat is Lucy's. 这只

5、猫是露茜的。 （4）、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如：   Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。    There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。    This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。   That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。（5）、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：&#

6、160;   The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。   The bread is very small. 那面包很小。（6）、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如：   "6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。5、动词的第三人称单数形式的构成（1）、一般直接在词尾加 s， 如：work-works live-lives make-makes （2）、以s

7、,x,ch ,sh等结尾的单词加 es , 如： miss-missesfix-fixes finish-finishes teach-teaches（3）、以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，变y为i加 es , 如： fly-flies（4）、以辅音字母加o结尾的单词，加 es 如: go-goes do-does（5）、还有一个特殊的就是have变成has喔.6、特别讲解：一般疑问句中三单形式表现在do和does的转换，若主语为上述的he/she/it和单数名词就要用does，若是I或者you就要用do 。练习1、用 do或 does 填空。 （1）、 _ your sister like PE?

8、 No, she _ not. （2）、How_ Linda go to school? She _ to school on foot. （3）、 He _ not speak English. He speaks Chinese. （4）、_ you know that girl? Yes, she is my sister. （5）、 _ your father have CDs? No, he _.2、写出下列动词单三形式drink _ go _ stay _ make _ brush_ pass_ carry _ have_ teach_ look _come_ study_ pla

9、nt _ watch_ fly _ do _ wash_ finish_ guess_ snow_carry_课后作业：用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _ (have) dinner at home. 2. We _ (not watch) TV on Monday.3. Nick _ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 4._ they _ (like) the World Cup 5. What _they often _ (do) on Saturdays 6._ your parents _ (read) newspapers every

10、 day 7. The girl _ (teach) us English on Sundays. 8. She and I _ (take) a walk together every evening. 9. There _ (be) some water in the bottle. 10. Mike _ (like) cooking. 11. They _ (have) the same hobby. 12. My aunt _ (look) after her baby carefully. 13. You always _ (do) your homework well.14. I

11、_ (be) ill. Im staying in bed. 15. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 16. Liu Tao _ (do) not like PE. 17. The child often _ (watch) TV in the evening. 19. Mikes sister _ (cook) nice food. I _ (like) eating it very much. 20._ (do) your father_ (watch) TV in the evening？ No, he _ (not). 21. T

12、om usually_ (play) football after school 22. He _ (live) in a small town near Nanjing. 23. I like_ (cook) and_ (grow) flowers. 24. I _ (go) to school by bus, and he _ (go) to school by bike. 25. Who _ (sing) beautifully in your class 第25课时：现在进行时讲解1、现在进行时的用法（1）用来表示说话时正在进行或者发生的动作，例如：Mother is cooking

13、in the kitchen.妈妈在厨房里煮饭。What are you looking at? 你在看什么？（2）用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作（但说话时不一定在进行），例如： Is she writing a novel? 她正在写一本小说吗？（3）用来表示即将发生的动作，一般是指按计划或者安排好要发生的动作。适用于这种情况的动词主要有：go,come,leave,start,arrive等。例如: Im going home in half an hour.我一个半小时内要回家。 The train is arriving soon.火车很快就要到达了。2、构成与标志词。构成：由be(am

14、/is/are)+动词-ing形式构成 标志性词语：(1)、现在进行时.通常用“now”. eg: I am doing my homework now.（2）、现在进行时.通常用“look”.eg: Look! My mother is running!（3）、现在进行时.通常用“listen”.eg: Listen! They are reading.（4）、现在进行时.通常用“at the (this) moment”eg: At the (this) moment, he is only weeping.3、动词现在分词的构成规则（1 ）、 一般情况下直接加ing think-thin

15、king sleep-sleeping study-studying speak-speaking say-saying carry-carrying wake-waking （2）、 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e，再加ing come-coming make-making leave-leaving have-having take-taking （3 ）、 以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现 “辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running forget-f

16、orgetting begin-beginning这类词还有：bigin，cut, get,hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig,forget, regret, rid, 等。（4 ）、 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing die-dying lie-lying 4、 现在进行时的句型变化（1）、 肯定式结构：主语+be+动词-ing形式+其他.例如：We are running now.（2）、 否定式结构：主语+be+not+动词-ing形式+其他.例如：They arent doing th

17、eir homework.（3）、 一般疑问句式结构：Be+主语+动词-ing形式+其他？例如：Is she having English lesson?回答：肯定Yes, she is. 否定:No, she isnt.（4）、特殊疑问句式结构：疑问词+be+主语+其他？例如:What is he doing now?回答：He is swimming.练习1、 写出下列动词的现在分词形式wash_ match_ guess_ study_ finish_ go_ snow_ carry_ stop_ see_ drive _ let_ carry_ keep_ join_ find_ th

18、ink_ teach_ catch_ stay_ begin_ forget_ lie_ die _ run_ prefer_ give_ ring_ dance_ hope_ 课后作业：选择题 1. Who _ over there now?   A. singing   B. are sing   C. is singing   D. sing2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class.   A. have  

19、 B. having   C. is having D. are having3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room.   A. crying   B. cried   C. is crying    D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters.   A. are wearing   B. wearing   C. are wear D. is we

20、aring5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _.A. is sleeping   B. are sleeping   C. sleeping   D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital.A. work/ work   B. works/ work   C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class?

21、0;  A. speak   B. speaks   C. speaking8. Mrs. Read _ the windows every day.   A. is cleaning   B. clean   C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music.   A. like/ listen   B. likes/ listens   C. like/ are listening10

22、. She _ up at six in the morning.   A. get   B. gets   C. getting11. On Sundays he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping.A. wash/ do   B. is washing/ is doing   C. washes/ does12. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but

23、Jim _ some coffee for it.   A. have/ have   B. have/ has   C. has/ have第26课时：一般将来时讲解1、一般将来时的定义: 表示将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作.2、一般将来时的标志词: tomorrow(明天), the day after tomorrow(后天) next year(明年) next month(下一个月) next week(下一个星期)3、.一般将来时的构成:（1）、主语+be(am,is,are) g

24、oing to+动词原形+. 例如:(1).I am going to play football tomorrow.明天我将要踢足球. (2).She is going to watch a movie the day after tomorrow.后天她要看一场电影.（2）、主语+will/shall+动词原形+. * *说明:(1).will/shall有时可以和be going to 互换; (2).will是万能的,shall只能用在第一人称,主语是I,we. (3).will和shall的后面接动词原形)例如:(1).I shall/will go to Beijing next

25、month.(I will=I'll)下个月我将要去北京. (2).You will come to see me tomorrow.(you will=you'll)明天你将要来看我. (3).She will read English tomorrow morning.(She will=She'll)明天早上她将要读英语。练习：用所给动词的一般将来时填空。1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. How long _ you _（study）in our count

26、ry? I _（plan）to be here for about one more year. I _（hope）to visit the other parts of your country. What _ you _（do）after you _（leave）here? I _（return）home and _（get）a job.3. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.4. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a prese

27、nt.5. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon.6. _ you _（be）here this Saturday? No. I _（visit）my teacher.7. _ I _（get）you a copy of todays newspaper? Thank you.8. I am afraid there _（be）a meeting this afternoon. I cant join you.9. Mike _（believe, not）this until he _（see）it with his own

28、eyes.10. Most of us dont think their team _（win）.1、 课后作业：单项选择题。1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.         A. will be going to    B. will going to be C. is going to be    D. will go to be2. Charlie _ here next month. 

29、60;       A. isnt working    B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working    D. wont work3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.         A. will be; is    B. is; is   

30、   C. will be; will be    D. is; will be4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.         A. was    B. is going to have C. will have    D. is going to be5. _ you _ free tomorrow?  &#

31、160; No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.     A. Are; going to; will    B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be   D. Are; going to be; will be6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.       

32、;  A. will gives    B. will give       C. gives    D. give7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?    _. （不，不要。）         A. No, you wont    B. No, you arent. C. No, please do

33、nt    D. No, please.8. Where is the morning paper?    I _ if for you at once.         A. get    B. am getting        C. to get    D. will get9. _ a concert next Satu

34、rday?         A. There will be    B. Will there be C. There can be    D. There are10. If they come, we _ a meeting.         A. have    B. will have C. had     D

35、. would have11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.         A. gives    B. gave      C. will giving    D. is going to giving12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there.     

36、    A. writes     B. has written C. will write    D. wrote13. He _ in three days.         A. coming back    B. came back C. will come back     D. is going to coming back14. If it _ tomo

37、rrow, well go roller-skating.         A. isnt rain    B. wont rain       C. doesnt rain    D. doesnt fine15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?     

38、 No, _ （不去）.          A. they willnt    B. they wont.     C. they arent    D. they dont.第27课时：一般过去时讲解1、 一般过去时的用法：（1）、一般过去时表示过去发生而现在已结束的动作或状态（2）、在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。2、找一般过去时的标志性词语：Yesterday，last week ，

39、 the day before yesterday ，last month ，last year， last night3、巧记一般过去时：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didnt添； 疑问句子也不难，did放在主语前；           （不含be动词时）如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were,否定就把not添。

40、0;          （含be动词时）疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。4、be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌握动词be的一般过去时。  be的过去时有四巧：    一是时间状语巧， 表示过去的短语要记牢；    二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；    三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟waswere；    四是疑问句

41、式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。5、 动词过去式的变化规则：规则变化：（1）、 直接加ed e. g：work worked （2）、 以不发音的e结尾的在单词末尾加d e.g：live lived （3）、 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed e.g：study stuied （4）、 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母再加ed e.g： stop stopped 不规则变化: e.g：cut cut read read sit sat run ran练习：1、写出下列动词的过去式tell     break     bu

42、ild     catch    begin    draw    eat come buy cut read put think go get give keep know 2、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。 (   )1 My fatherill yesterday         A isn't   B aren&#

43、39;t      C wasn't  D weren't(   )2 your parents at home last week         A Is       B Was          C Are  D Were(   )3 T

44、he  twinsin Dalian  last year Theyhere now         A are; were    B were; are   C was; are        D were; was(   )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天）    

45、     A Was; before     B Is; before     C Was; after      D Is; after  (   )5 Who was on duty last Friday                

46、0; A I am       B I was     C Yes, I was       D No, I wasn't (   )6.  I cleaned my classroom _.        A   with three hours     B 

47、  three hours ago          C    in three hours      D    three hours before(   ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago .      A   back on     &#

48、160;  B   back to          C    to back         D   back(   ) 8 .   _?  He did some reading at home.     A What does your father d

49、o yesterday evening       B  What does your brother do in the school     C What did your brother do over the weekend        D  Where did your brother go last Sunday(   ) 9. What did you do _ ? I went to th

50、e movies.     A next morning   Bover the weekend  C  in the weekend  D next Monday(    ) 10.  The koala sleeps _，but gets up _.     A   during the day; at the evening      

51、60;         B   at day ;during night     C   in the day ;during the evening                 D   during the day ; at night课后作业：请用动词的正确形式

52、天空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday?      No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?  He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) h

53、er aunt last weekend.  She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _.9. How _(be) Jim's week

54、end? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No，she _.第28课时：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级讲解1、 形容词的比较级用法: 用于两者及之间的人或事物的比较。1）A+形容词比较级+than+ BSusan is happier than Jane.His brother is younger than me.Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka.形容词比较级前还可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a

55、 bit, much more来修饰。very, so, too, quite 不能修饰比较级。2）数字+形容词比较级+thanIm two years older than you.She is a head taller than me.3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.China becomes more and more stronger.4）the +比较级，the +比较级结构，表示“越就越”The more I study it, the more I like it.5）which/who +

56、is +比较级Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?Who is happier, you or me?2、形容词的最高级用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the，最高级前有物主代词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词，后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1）one of the +最高级Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.Most people like apples.M

57、ost of the boys are good.It is our nearest neighbor in space.2）最高级意义的表达方法:例句最高级She is the best in her class. 比较级She is better than any other student in her class.No other student in her class is better than she.原级No other student in her class is as good as she.3、副词比较级和最高级的用法：（1）、 原级主要的句型：as+副词原级+asT

58、om runs as fast as Jones.not as/so+副词原级+asHe didnt come as/so early as Li Lei.too+副词原级+to do sth.Jean rides too slowly to catch up with me.so +副词原级+ thatJean rides so slowly that she cant catch up with me.副词原级+enough to do sth.Jean doesnt ride fast enough to catch up with me.（2）、比较级的用法：比较级+than。当前后使

59、用的动词相同时，通常用助动词来代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。Lily run faster than Mary(did).比较级+and +比较级The days are getting longer and longer in summer.the morethe moreThe harder you work, the better you will learn.（3）、最高级的用法：副词最高级前一般有the，也可省略。He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class.4、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成：（1）、单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化：规则原级比较级最高级1.在词尾后直接加-er/esttalltallertallest2.词尾是e，只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i再加-er/esthappy