翻译二级口译实务-36

1、翻译二级口译实务 -36（ 总分： 150.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）一、BPart I /B（总题数：2，分数：75.00）1. 下面你将听到一段有关非洲粮食安全问题的讲话。 I ampleased to welcome you to the United Nations for this first meeting of your contact group.Your focus on food security in Africa comes at a crucial time. The latest food crisis on the continent has brough

2、t home to us, more than ever before, the urgent need for a strategy to break the pattern of recurrent crises and bring about a Green Revolution in Africa. But achieving this will require radical approaches on multiple fronts.Africa has faced food crises in the past; it has faced deadly diseases; it

3、has struggled to come to terms with governance challenges in states with limited capacity and resources.But rarely has the continent had to face the kind of intersecting challenges we see today. Today, Africa faces a deadly triad of related burdens food insecurity, HIV/AIDS and an emaciated capacity

4、 to govern and provide services.Wecannot freed viable solutions to the challenge of food security unless we address the challenges of AIDS and governance at the same time.Food insecurity in Africa has structural causes. Most African farmers farm small plots of land that do not produce enough to meet

5、 the needs of their families. The problem is compounded by the farmers' lack of bargaining power and lack of access to land, finance and technology.This further weakens farmers' ability to withstand the impact of recurrent drought and the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic.Thirty million Africans now

6、 live with HIV, and the continent has borne the brunt of more than20 million AIDS deaths worldwide. In some areas of Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is HIV-positive, and similar proportions are going hungry.The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS on food production with seven million Afric

7、an farmers already dead - is only too obvious. Infection rates are rising among African women. The latest figures show that women make up 58 percent of Africans already infected.Because of AIDS, skills and knowledge are dying out rather than being passed from one generation to the next. Both at the

8、household level and the government level, resources are being diverted from food production to health care. In turn, food shortages fuel the disease, through malnutrition, poverty and inequality.Clearly, breaking this destructive cycle poses a huge challenge to governance. It will re- quire strong i

9、nstitutions, improved skills and innovative policies. But in an irony so typical of the age of AIDS, Africa's ability to govern and to provide services is itself being stretched to breaking point by the disease.This interlocking set of issues facing Africa is far greater than the sum of its part

10、s. Ad- dressing the issue I have raised requires a new, integrated response from both the Governments of Africa and the international community. It requires a shift from short-term approaches to a reassessment of our entire strategy for development or, taking long-term measures even when addressing

11、short-term emergencies.Ladies and gentlemen,The United Nations family is already joining forces to mount the coordinated effort needed. I hope you will work across the board with us, and with the Governments of Africa, in developing the range of revolutionary approaches we need to tackle the deadly

12、triad and break the pattern of food crises in Africa.I opened my remarks with a message of despair; let me close with one hope. Yes, this is an unprecedented set of challenges. But your presence here today tells methat we have unprecedented consensus on the need to confront them. Together, we must m

13、obilize the political will to succeed. Thank you very much.分数： 25.00 ） 正确答案： （参考译文 欢迎各位来到联合国，参加本联络小组的第一次会议。 你们很适时地将重点放在非洲的粮食安全方面。非洲最近的粮食危机使我们比以往任何时候都更充分地认 识到制定一个能打破不断发生此类危机的局面，并给非洲带来一场绿色革命的战略的紧迫性。但要做到这 一点，就要在多个方面采取积极措施。非洲过去也曾出现粮食危机，曾出现过致命的疾病，在一些国家，由于能力和资源方面的限制，政府在治 理上遇到过挑战。但非洲大陆很少象现在这样同时遭遇来自许多领域的挑战。

14、目前，非洲面临着三重极其繁重的负担，即粮 食安全问题、艾滋病病毒 / 艾滋病和政府日渐衰弱的治理和服务能力。如果不同时应对艾滋病和治理方面的挑战，我们就不能为粮食安全问题找到一个可行的解决方案。 非洲的粮食安全问题有着结构性的原因。多数非洲农民耕种的小片土地不能生产满足自家需要的产品。此 外，农民们没有议价能力，也无法获得土地、资金和技术。这些进一步削弱了农民承受反复出现的干旱和不断蔓延的艾滋病疫情影响的能力。目前有 3000 万非洲人感染艾滋病病毒，全球有 2000 多万人死于艾滋病，非洲大陆首当其冲。在非洲的一 些地区，超过 40%的人口感染艾滋病病毒，还有同样数量的人正面临饥荒。艾滋病病

15、毒 / 艾滋病对粮食生产的破坏性影响是再明显不过的，已有 700 万非洲农民因此丧身。 艾滋病在非洲妇女中的传染率在上升，最新数据表明妇女占非洲艾滋病感染者的58%。由于艾滋病的影响，知识和技能无法代代相传，正在逐渐失传。不论是在家庭还是在政府层面，资源被用 于医疗，而非粮食生产。而粮食短缺反过来又通过贫穷、不平等和营养不良等因素加剧疾病的蔓延。 显然，如何打破这一恶性循环为政府治理提出了严峻的挑战。应对这一挑战需要强有力的制度、更高的技 能和创新的政策。而具有讽刺意味的是，非洲政府的治理和服务能力却几乎被这种疾病消耗殆尽，而这种 情况在这个艾滋病年代又是常常发生的。作为一个整体，非洲面临这一

16、系列的问题盘根错节，要远比各个问题的简单总和更加难以对付。要解决我 所提出的问题，非洲各国政府和国际社会应该采取一种综合性的新对策，摈弃短期方案，对我们的整个发 展战略进行重新评估，换句话说，就是即使在处理短期性紧急状况时也要采取立足长远的措施。女士们， 先生们，联合国大家庭已经携起手来，通过合作解决这些问题。我希望你们在各方面与我们及非洲各国政府共同努 力，制定一系列必要的革命性方案，解决非洲致命的三重负担问题和打破非洲粮食危机的怪圈。我带着失望开始这篇演讲，请让我满怀希望结束它。是的，我们面临着一系列前所未有的挑战。但你们能 出席今天的会议，说明我们对于解决这一问题的必要性有着空前的一致。

17、我们必须共同努力，为我们的成 功做出政治决断。谢谢大家。 ） 解析： 解析 本文是有关非洲粮食安全问题的讲话，就非洲粮食问题的根源作了详细的说明，并请求获得国际社会的援 助。本文要求应试者具有一定的社会背景知识，如国家政治及艾滋病方面的常识，这些知识构成考查应试者基 本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确， 还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确 还要符合上下文语境的需要。基本素质采分点1 United Nations 联合国2 food security粮食安全3 Green Revol

18、ution in Africa非洲的绿色革命4 HIV/AIDS 艾滋病病毒 / 艾滋病5 HIV-positive感染艾滋病病毒6 infection rate感染率结构理解采分点1The latest food crisis on the continent has brought home to us, more than ever before, theurgent need for a strategy to break the pattern of recurrent crises and bring about a GreenRevolution in Africa 该句基本可按

19、照原文顺序进行翻译，其中注意可将修饰性结构 more than ever before 按照汉语习惯放在 谓语短语 bring hometo 前面，该句还要求应试者正确理解 bring home to 的含义。因此，原句可译为“非 洲最近的粮食危机使我们比以往任何时候都更充分地认识到制定一个能打破不断发生此类危机的局面，并 给非洲带来一场绿色革命的战略的紧迫性。”2We cannot find viable solutions to the challenge of food security unless we address thechallenges of AIDS and govern

20、ance at the same time 该句是主从复合句， unless 引导的状语从句位于句子后半部，按汉语可将次要成分前置的特点，可优先翻 译该从句。因此，原句可译为“如果不同时应对艾滋病和治理方面的挑战，我们就不能为粮食安全问题找 到一个可行的解决方案。”3The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS on food productionwith seven million African farmersalready dead is only too obvious该句为保持译文完整的逻辑性， 可将形式较为松散的修饰性成分 with 短语后置。 因此，原句可

21、译为“艾滋 病病毒 / 艾滋病对粮食生产的破坏性影响是再明显不过的，已有 700 万非洲农民因此丧身。” 4 Because of AIDS, skillsand knowledge are dying out rather than being passed from one generationto the next 本句译文可在正确理解短语 rather than（ 而不是 ）的基础上，将该短语翻译略去，以免译文过于生硬。因 此，原句可译为“由于艾滋病的影响，知识和技能无法代代相传，正在逐渐失传。”5 But in an irony so typical of the age of AI

22、DS, Africa's ability to govern and to provide services is itself being stretched to breaking point by the disease 该句是简单句，句子主干部分是Africa's ability.is itself being stretched.，句子前半部分的typical of 短语修饰 an irony ，但为了整体译文内容相对紧凑，该部分可在翻译时，放在最后。因此，原 句可译为“而具有讽刺意味的是，非洲政府的治理和服务能力却几乎被这种疾病消耗殆尽，而这种情况在 这个艾滋病年代

23、又是常常发生的。”言语表达采分点1. bring home to sb . 使充分认识2 radical approach积极的措施3come to terms with达成协议；设法忍受4a triad of related burdens三重负担5. be compounded by 使更坏6bear the brunt of首当其冲7die out灭绝8. be diverted from.to.从转移至U9interlocking错综复杂的10. work across the board with sb 与通力合作2. Ladies and Gentlemen,I amvery ho

24、noured to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience of university presidents, vice-chancellors and accomplished scholars from around the world. I must congratulate theAssociation of University Presidents of China on its achievements since its establishment in 1997. TONE / TONEIt

25、is the first association of its kind, and it will be a strong force for enhancing academiccooperationbetween Hong Kong and the mainland and between China and the world. I also applaudthe Associationfor organising this meaningful event which draws together so many top brains from around the world. Th

26、esynergy it generates will point the way for the development of the globaltertiary education sector into thenext century. TONE/ TONEToday, whilst innovation and technology are the driving force of the world and fuel its engine,it is thepeople that make the engines work. Wewish to see in our younger

27、generation an all-round developmentcovering ethics, intellect, physique, social skills and aesthetics. We wish to see in our younger generations theability to assimilate modern technology and ideas. TONE/ TONE We wish to see in our younger generation creativity, critical thinking and a global outloo

28、k. We wishto see in our younger generation a strength of character, a spirit of enterprise, the desire for continuousimprovement and the versatility to cope with the changing needs of our community.And we wish to see inour younger generation a sense of responsibility towards one's own family, on

29、e's own community, one's owncountry and indeed the world. TONE/ TONEIn Hong Kong we strongly believe education enables us to cultivate these noble qualities in our nextgeneration. Education also creates and expands the pool of talents to maintain Hong Kong's economicdevelopment and inter

30、national competitiveness. That is why education is always one of our top priorities and continues to be the single biggest item of the Government's budget, accounting for 19% of our total public recurrent expenditure. Despite the economic downturn, public expenditure on education will have about

31、 8%growth in real terms in this fiscal year.TONE/ TONEOur best universities are among the top ten in the region, and our best students are among the best in theworld. However, the successofHong Kong lies in our flexibility to respond to changesand our determinationfor improvement. Wehave to inject n

32、ew life into the whole education sector. To achieve this, we areundergoing major reforms in our education system, our examination system, our education regulators, ourschools, our teachers and, above all, our attitude towards education. TONE/ TONEEducation is a continuum. The inputs into the tertiar

33、y sector are the outputs from the school sector. Wehopethat several years down the road, the tertiary sector is able to reap the benefits from our reforms in thebasic education sector which we are now embarking on. But universities cannot simply wait. They have toensure that their current outputs, t

34、hat is, their graduates and their research work, meet the aspirations of thecommunity. TONE/ TONE（分数： 50.00 ）正确答案： （ 女士们、先生们， 非常荣幸有机会为来自世界各地的著名大学的校长、副校长和成绩卓著的 研究学者做演讲。我要向中国大学校长联合会表示祝贺，自1997 年成立以来它取得了很多的成绩。 这样的组织以前是没有的，而且它也将是加强香港与大陆、中国与世界之间学术合作的一支重要力量。我也非 常欢迎联合会组织了这次有意义的活动，把众多顶尖人才从世界各地聚集到了这里。它所形成的共识必

35、将 为新世纪全球高等教育的发展指明方向。 今天，尽管创新与科技仍是世界发展的动力，像是驱动引擎的燃 料，但真正使引擎工作的还是人。我们希望看到年轻一代在道德情操、智力水平、身体素质、社交技能以 及审美情趣方面得到全面发展。我们希望看到年轻一代能够把现代科技与思想理念结合起来。 我们希望看 到年轻一代具备创造性、批判式的思维，以及全球的视角。我们也希望看到年轻一代具备坚强的性格、创 新的精神和精益求精的愿望，具备应对社会不断变化需求的复合能力。我们希望看到年轻一代对家庭、对 社会、对国家、对世界的责任感。 在香港，我们坚信教育能够培养年轻一代具备这些素质，同时教育也创 造了人才，扩充了人才队伍，

36、从而保持了香港的经济发展和国际竞争力。因此，教育一直是我们的重中之 重，而且仍会享受政府最大的预算支出，占全部公共性经常指出的19%。尽管经济出现了下滑，但公共教育支出在本财政年度仍将增加 8%。 香港最优秀的大学在本地区位居前十名，香港优秀的毕业生在世界上 也是出类拔萃。然而，香港的成功之处在于我们能够灵活地应对变化和追求进步的决心。我们必须要为整 个教育领域注入新的活力。为此，我们进行了一系列重大改革，如教育体系、考试制度、教育管理部门、 各类学校、师资，以及最最重要的我们对教育的态度。 教育具有连续性，中等教育的产出就是高等教 育的投入。我们希望经过几年的努力奋斗，高等教育能够从正在着手

37、的基础教育改革中获益。但是大学也 不能仅仅被动等待，必须要确保目前的产出，也就是说，他们的毕业生和科研要满足社会的期望。 ）解析：二、BPart n /B（总题数： 2，分数：75.00）3. <> 实行改革开放以来，中国进入了发展最快，进步最大、变化最深刻的历史时期。 1979 年至 2003 年，中国 经济年均增长 9.4%，居民消费水平年均提高 7%，进出口总额年均增长 16%，成为世界上发展最快的国家之 一。 2003 年，拥有 13亿人口的中国，人均国内生产总值第一次超过了 1000 美元，人民生活总体上达到了 小康水平。 /从 2003 年下半年开始， 中国政府针对经济

38、运行中的突出矛盾和问题， 果断采取了一系列宏观调控政策措施， 在较短的时间内取得阶段性成效，经济运行中的一些不健康不稳定因素得到抑制，国民经济继续保持平稳 较快发展势头。 2004 年中国国内生产总值达到 1.65 万亿美元，同比增长 9.5%。进出口总额达到 11547 亿 美元，由 2003 年的世界第 4 位提升到第 3 位。 / 中国经济之所以能够实现长期持续快速发展，主要是由于我们始终坚持以经济建设为中心，用发展的办法 解决前进中的问题，坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向，大力推进体制机制创新，不断为经济社会发展注 入强大动力；坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合，积极参与国际经济技术合作和

39、竞争，充分利用国际国 内两个市场、两种资源。 /本世纪头 20 年，是中国经济社会发展的重要战略机遇期。今后十几年，我们将努力把握机遇，用好机遇， 集中精力全面建设小康社会，争取到 2020 年实现国内生产总值比 2000 年翻两番，达到 4 万亿美元，人均 国内生产总值达到 3000 美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步，文化更加繁荣、社会更加 和谐、人民生活更加殷实。 /（分数： 25.00 ）正确答案： (Since reform and opening-up, China has entered a period of rapid development, huge pro

40、gress and profound transformation unprecedented in history. From 1979 to 2003, China registered a 9.4% annual growth rate for its national economy, 7% for people's consumption level and 16% for total import and export volume. China has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world. In

41、 2003, the per capita GDP of China, a country of 1.3 billion people, exceeded USS 1,000 for the first time and its people have on the whole been able to live a moderately comfortable life. / To address the outstanding problems in the national economy, the Chinese Government had taken a series of mac

42、ro-control measures starting from the second half of 2003, which have yielded positive results within a short period. Some unhealthy and unstable factors in the economic performance have been contained and the national economy has maintained a momentumof stable and relatively fast development. China

43、's GDPin 2004 is USS1.65 trillion, a 9.5% year-on-year growth, and its total import and export volume to exceed USS1.1547 trillion, rising from the fourth place in 2003 to the third in the world. / The sustained rapid development of China's economy is attributable to the following factors: t

44、he government's adherence to economic development as the central task, and solution to the problems on our way forward and to building socialist market economy as the direction of reform; our relentless efforts for institutional innovation, which has lent a strong impetus to socio-economic devel

45、opment; our policies of "inviting in" and "going out" and active participation in international economic and technical cooperation and competition in a bid to make full use of both domestic and foreign markets and resources./ The first two decades of this century is a period of i

46、mportant strategic opportunities for China's socio-economic development. In the next decade and more, we will strive to seize the opportunity and concentrate on building a society with moderate prosperity, so that in 2020 China's GDP will reach US 4 trillion, quadrupling that of 2000, and pe

47、r capita GDP will reachUS 3,000. By thattime, China will be more developed economically, with an improved democracy system. advanced science and education and a flourishing culture, its people enjoying a better life in a harmonious society./) 解析：4. 党的十一届三中全会以来，随着党和国家工作重点转移到以经济建设为中心，教育在社会主义现代化建 设中的地位

48、和作用也越来越重要，我国教育的改革和发展取得了很大的成就。进入 20世纪 90年代，科学技术日新月异，知识经济初见端倪，综合国力竞争日趋激烈，我国社会主义市 场经济建设步伐加快，知识和人才的作用日益重要，我国教育的改革和发展面临新的机遇和挑战。 一些长期困扰教育发展的问题越来越凸显出来，我国教育的改革和发展还滞后于建设中国特色社会主义的 要求。教育经费的增长还很不适应教育事业发展的需要，经费紧张仍然是制约我国教育发展的一个突出问题；教 师工资偏低且被拖欠，教师工作生活条件较差，尤其是住房困难问题十分突出。这些都需要采取措施尽快 解决。1992 年，党的十四大明确提出：“必须把教育摆在优先发展的

49、战略地位，努力提高全民族的思想道德和科 学文化水平，这是实现我国现代化的根本大计。”1993 年，党中央、 国务院制定了 中国教育改革和发展纲要 ，中华人民共和国教师法 颁布。1995 年， 中华人民共和国教育法颁布，党中央、国务院决定实施科教兴国战略。这些重大决策为解决我国教育问题指明了方向。我国教育进入了改革发展的新时期。（分数： 50.00 ） 正确答案： (Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee was held in 1978, we have shifted the focal

50、point of the Party and state's work onto economic development. Education has played a more and more role in the socialist modernization drive. Remarkable achievements have been scored in educational reform and development. In the early 1990s, science and technology advanced with each passing day

51、. The knowledge economy emerged, and competition in the overall national strength intensified. The pace of establishing China's socialist market economy was accelerated, and knowledge and qualified personnel played an increasingly important role. Our educational reform and development faced new

52、opportunities and challenges. Some long-standing problems which impeded educational development were more and more outstanding, so our educational reform and development still fell short of what was needed for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Inadequate funding remained an outstandin

53、g problem impeding our educational development, with increased educational outlays unable to meet educational needs.Teachers' salaries were low and often in arrears. Moreover, their working and living conditions were poor, with their housing shortage being an outstanding problem. In 1992, the Pa

54、rty's Fourteenth National Congress made it clear that "Strategic priority must be given to education, and efforts must be made to raise the ideological, ethical, scientific and cultural standards of the whole nation. This is the fundamental policy for realizing our modernization." In 1

55、993, the Party Central Committee and the State Council formulated the Program for Educational Reform and Development in China and promulgated the Teachers' Law of the People's Republic of China. In 1995, the Education Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated. The Party Centr

56、al Committee and the State Council decided to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. These major policy decisions have paved the way for solving our educational problems. Our education has entered a new period of reform and development.) 解析： 解析 本文是一段关于中国教育改革与发展的讲话。文中介绍了从党的十一届三中全会以来，中国 教育事业的发展，同时也指出了不同时期中国教育事业发展中所面临的困难和出现的问题，并指出了政府 在各个阶段的教育政策和方针。 本文要求应试者掌握一定的中国政策和教育常识，以及与之相关的专门词 汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在听的短时间 内，对汉语特色的流水句做出相应的分析，适当地将其切分为多个独立的英文句子。翻译时把握好两种语 言各自特色，完