神经外科英文词汇

1、1、 神经系统解剖生理单词音标释义diaphragma sallaedafræm s:l鞍膈dorsal thalamusd:rsl 'ælms背侧丘脑brachial plexus'brekrlplkss臂丛limbic system 'lmbk'sstm边缘系统limbic lobe 'lmbklob 边缘叶fasciculus gracilisf'skjls'græsls薄束gracicle nucleus'græsl'njukls薄束核lateral ventricle

2、9;lætrlvntrkl侧脑室terochlear nucleus'trklr车神经核ulnar nerve'lnn:rv尺神经cerebrumsri:brm大脑，脑组织Cerebal arterialcircles'ribrlrtrils:rkl大脑动脉环posterior cerebral arteryp:strisri:brl:rtri大脑后动脉internal cerebral veinsnt:rnlven大脑内静脉cerebral cortexk:rteks大脑皮质anteriorcerebral arteryæntri(r)大脑前动脉c

3、erebrocerebellum 'serbroser'belm大脑小脑middle cerebral artery midl大脑中动脉insula 'nsjl岛叶subthalamussb'ælems底丘脑sacral plexus 'sekrlplkss骶丛third ventriclevntrkl第三脑室fourth ventricle 第四脑室ectospinal tracttek'tspnltrækt顶盖脊髓束pretectal areapri:'tektl顶盖前区parietal lobep'rat

4、llob顶叶oculomotor nucleus kjl'mot动眼神经accessory nucleus of oculomotor ækssrikjl'mot动眼神经副核oculomotor nucleus动眼神经核lentiform nucleus'lentf:m 豆状核telencephalon telen'sefln端脑frontal lobefrntl:额叶parasympathetic nervepærsmp'etk副交感神经accessory nerve ækssri副神经accessory nueleus

5、副神经核radiculomedullaryrædkjlmd'lr 根髓动脉femoral nerve 'femrl股神经chorda tympani'k:d'tmpn鼓索hippocampal formation hp'kæmpl海马结构parahippocampal gyrusp:r:'pokæmpæl'dars海马旁回cavernous sinuskævrnssans海绵窦Substantia nigrasb'stænr'ngr黑质Red nucleus红核R

6、ubrospinal tractrju:b'rspnltrækt红核脊髓束Posterior communicating arteryp:stri后交通动脉metathalamusmet'ælms后丘脑Posterior funiculusfju:'nkjls后索Trochlear nerve'trklr滑车神经Basilar sinus'bæslsans基底窦Basilar artery基底动脉Basal nucleibesl, -zl基底核Spinal nervespanl脊神经Posterior Spinal arte

7、ry脊髓后动脉Anterior Spinal artery脊髓前动脉Spinothalamic tractspanæ'læmi:k脊髓丘脑束spinocerebellumspanosr'belm脊髓小脑Posterior spinocerebellar tractspanosr'bel脊髓小脑后束Anterior spinocerebellar tract脊髓小脑前束diencephalondaen'sefln间脑Sympathetic trunksmptktrk交感干Sympathetic nerve交感神经Cervical plexuss

8、:rvkl颈丛Interinalcarotid arteryk'rtd颈内动脉Cervical enlargementnl:rdmnt颈膨大Tibial nerve'tbrl胫神经paleocerebellunpe'li:oser'belm旧小脑Commissural fibersk'mrl'fab连合纤维Association fiberssoien联络纤维Cauda equina'kad马尾Vagus nerve'vegs迷走神经Dorsal nucleus of Vagus nerved:rsl迷走神经背核Facial ne

9、rvefel面神经nucleus of Facial nerve面神经核Brain stembrenstm脑干Reticular formation of the brain stemr'tkjlf:rmen脑干网状结构Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)spanlflud脑脊液Meningeal sinusm'nndrlsans脑膜窦ponspnz脑桥Cerebral arachnoid mater'ræknd脑蛛网膜Medial lemniscusmi:dillem'nsks内侧丘系Medial geniculate bodyd&

10、#39;nkjlt内侧膝状体Medial longitudinal fasciculusl:ndtu:dnlf'skjls内侧纵束Internal capsulekæpsul内囊Visceral motor nervevsrlmot(r)内脏运动神经Temporal lobetemprl额叶Corticonuclear tractk:tknu:kli(r)皮质核束Corticospinal tractk:t'kspnl皮质脊髓束Corpus callosumk:rpsk:'losm胼胝体claustrum'kl:strm屏状核Anterior funi

11、culusfju:'nkjls前索Vestibular nerveves'tbjl前庭神经Vestibulospinal tractvestbjlo'spanl前庭脊髓束Vestibular nuclei前庭神经核Vestibulocochlear nerve'vestbjlokoklrr前庭蜗神经Vestibulocerebellumvestbjlosr'belm前庭小脑Commissure of fornix'kmr'f:nks穹窿连和thalamus'ælms丘脑Radial nerveredil桡神经Floccu

12、lonodular lobeflkjlo'ndjl(r)绒球小结叶Pia materpa, pi软脑膜Trigeminal lemniscustra'demnllem'nsks三叉丘系Trigeminal nerve三叉神经Motor nucleus of Trigeminal nervemot(r)三叉神经运动核Mesencephalic nucleus of Trigeminal nervemesens'fælk三叉神经中脑核Superior olivary nucleus'lver上橄榄核Maxillary nervemæk&#

13、39;slr上颌神经epithalamusep'ælms上丘脑Ascending reticular activating system，ARASsndr'tkjlæktvet上行网状激动系统Hypoglossal nervehap'glsl舌下神经Hypoglossal nucleus舌下神经核Glossopharyngeal nerveglsof'rndrl舌咽神经Optic chiasma:ptkka'æzm视交叉Supraoptic nucleussju:pr'ptk视上核Optic nerve视神经Para

14、ventricular nucleusp:rvent'rkjl视旁核Pineal bodypani:l松果体Projection fibersprdkn投射纤维Lateral lemniscuslætrl外侧丘系Lateral funiculusfju:'nkjls外侧索Lateral geniculate bodyd'nkjlt外侧膝状体Reticulospinal tractr'tkjlspanl网状脊髓束Caudate nucleus'k:det尾状核Corpus striatumk:rpsstr'etm纹状体Cochlear n

15、erve'kklr蜗神经Cochlear nuclei蜗神经核Infeiior olivary nucleusnfri(r)'lver下橄榄核Mandibular nervemæn'dbjl下颌神经hypothalamushapoælms下丘脑cerebellumser'bel小脑Cerebellar hemisphereser'belmhemsfr小脑半球Tonsil of cerebellumt:nsl小脑扁桃体Cerebellar nuclei小脑核Cerebellar cortexk:rteks小脑皮质vermis'v

16、:ms小脑蚓Fasciculus cuneatusf'skjls楔束Cuneate nucleus'kju:nt楔束核neocerebellum'ni,ser'belm新小脑Amygdaloid body'mgdld杏仁体Olfactory brain:lfæktri嗅脑Olfactory nerve嗅神经Medulla oblongatam'dlbl':t延髓Ophthalmic nerve眼神经Lumbar plexuslmb(r)plkss腰丛Lunbosacral enlargement'lmbosekrl腰骶膨

17、大Axillary nerveækslr腋神经Saphenous nerves'fi:ns隐神经Cerebral dura mater'djr硬脑膜archicerebellum:rkser'belm原小脑Abducent nerveæb'dju:snt展神经Abducens nucleusæb'dju:snz展神经核Occipital lobek'sptl枕叶Median nerve正中神经mesencephalonmesen'sefln中脑Central canalsntrlknæl中央管Pos

18、tcentral gyruspost'sentrl'dars中央后回Precentral gyrusp'rsentrl中央前回Vertebral arteryv:tibrl椎动脉Pyramidal tract'prmdl锥体束Autonomic berve:t'nmk自主神经Sciatic nervesaætk坐骨神经2、 脑水肿、脑疝、脑死亡brain edema'di:m脑水肿Intracranial pressure，ICPntr'krenrlpr颅内压ionic brain edemaa:nk离子性脑水肿Hydrocep

19、halic brain edemahadrose'fælk脑积水性脑水肿Brain herniah:rni脑疝Cerebral deathd脑死亡Ischemic cerebral edemas'ki:mk缺血性脑水肿Osmotic brain edemaz'mtk渗透压性脑水肿papilledemapæpl'di:m视乳头水肿Water channel protein，aquaporin，AQPproti:n'ækwprn水通道蛋白Cytotoxic brain edemasat'tksk细胞毒性脑水中Vasoge

20、nic brain edema血管源性脑水肿Subfalcial herniationsb'fæsrlh:n'en大脑镰下疝Transtentorial herniation小脑幕切迹疝Upward Transtentorial herniationpwrd小脑幕切迹上升疝3、 神经系统查体Proprioceptive sensationsproprr'septvsnsen本体感觉Patellar clonusp'tel 'klns髌阵挛Brudzinski sign布鲁金斯基征gaitset步态Tactile tæktl触

21、觉Cluster headache，CHklsthdek丛集性头痛Hemicrania hem'krenr偏头痛Hemicrania simplex'smpleks单纯性偏头痛Hemicrania epilepsia'eplepsr癫痫性偏头痛orientation:rinten定向力Light reflexesriflks对光反射Sweat testswt发汗试验Episodic tension headacheeps:dktnn发作性紧张性头痛reflexesriflks反射Beat-back testbit反击征试验Near reactionnr辐辏反射Combi

22、ned sensationkmbandsnsen复合感觉Abdominal reflexæbd:mnl腹壁反射Sensory conduction Velocity，SCVsnsrikndknvl:sti感觉神经传导速度Sensory system感觉系统Sensory aurar感觉先兆Gait of sensory ataxiatæksi感觉性共济失调性步态sensory aphasiafe 感觉性失语Anal reflex'enl肛门反射Gowers maneuvermnuv, -nju-高娃试验Achilles reflexkliz跟反射Heel-to-sh

23、in testhiln跟膝胫反射Biceps reflexbasps肱二头肌反射Triceps reflextrasps肱三头肌反射ataxiatæksi共济失调Ataxic gaits'tæksk共济失调步态coordinationko:rdnen共济运动dysarthriads':ri:构音障碍Ankle clonusækl踝阵挛Circumduction gaitskm'dkn环行步态comakom昏迷stuporstu:p(r)昏睡状态Marital history & Menstrual historymærtl

24、mnstrul婚育史与月经史Dystrophic gaitd'strofk肌营养不良步态Muscle tonemslton肌张力Basilar artery migraine基底动脉偏头痛Immediate recallmiditrkl即刻记忆calculationkælkjlen计算力memorymmri记忆力History of past illnesslns既往史Secondary headacheseknderi继发性头痛Familial hemiplegic Migraine，FHMfmljlhe'mpli:dkmagren家族性偏瘫性偏头痛Consensu

25、al light reflexkn'senrl间接对光反射Scissors gaitszrz剪刀步态Corneal reflex'k:nrl角膜反射Tension headachetnn紧张性头痛Recent memoryrisnt近记忆Neck-tongue syndromenkt颈-舌综合征Spastic gaitsspæstk痉挛步态Resting tremors'resttrm静止性震颤Spastic paralysisprælss痉挛性瘫痪Giant cell arteritisdant':trats巨细胞动脉炎Kernig sig

26、n克尼格征Steppage gaitst:pd跨阈步态Supraorbital neuralgiasu:pr':btlnræld眶上神经痛Cortical spreading depressiondprn扩散性大脑皮质抑制Benign paroxysmal vertigobnanpærk'szmlv:rtgo良性发作性眩晕Two-point discriminationdskrmnen两点辨别觉Romberg sign罗姆伯格征Twilight statetwalat朦胧状态Nominal aphasian:mnl命名性失语Meningeal irritat

27、ionm'nndrlrten脑膜刺激征Cerebrovascular diseaseserbro'væskjl脑血管病Torsion spasmt:rnspæzm扭转痉挛Snout reflexsnat努嘴反射dermatographiad:mt'græfr皮肤划痕症hemiballismushembæ'lzms偏身投掷Migraine equivalentsyndromeskwvlnt偏头痛等位症Superficial reflexsu:prfl浅反射Superficial sensation浅感觉Grasp refle

28、xgræsp强握反射Tactile sensationtæktl轻触觉Decerebrate rigiditydi:'serbretrddti去皮质强直Brachiradialis reflexbretr'redrls桡骨膜反射Deep reflex深反射Deep sensation深感觉Physiological reflexesfzildkl生理反射baragnosisbæræn'oss失辩重能dyslexiadslksi失读症Agraphia'ræfr失写症stereognosissterg'nos

29、s实体觉astereognosisæs'teri:onoss实体觉缺失Visual auravulr视觉先兆Visual acuitykjuti视敏度Visual fieldsfild视野somnolence's:mnlns嗜睡状态athetosis'ðetoss手足徐动Pilomotor responsepalo'motrsp:ns竖毛反应Accommodation reflexk:mden调节反射Cremasteric reflexk'rem:strk提睾反射Postural testsp:strl体位性试验mydriasism&

30、#39;drass瞳孔散大mioticma'tk瞳孔缩小Painful ophthalmoplegiapenflfælm'pli:dr痛性眼肌麻痹headache头痛dizzinessdzns头晕graphesthesiar:fes'ði:zr图形觉graphanesthesiaræfe'nesi:zr图形觉缺失Temperature sensationtemprt(r)温度觉Migraine without aura，MO无先兆偏头痛Choreic movementsk:'ri:k'mu:vmnts舞蹈样运动Suck reflexsk吸吮反射Patellar reflexp'tel膝反射Jaw-jeck refl