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1、英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1. pair n.( 相关的)两个人,一对,一双,一副a pair of socks trousers 一双袜子一副手套两条裤子e.g. A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.足球赛。2. correct(1) v.改正,纠正e.g.The teacher retur ned to her room to师回到房间去改练习本。 Correct the spelli ng.(2) adj.正确的;恰当的e.g. correct pronuncia
2、tion 正确发音time ? 你的表走得准吗?3. advice(1)n.意思是“意见,建议”, 为不可数名词,可用some much, a piece of , pieces of 等修饰,不能说 an advice 或 many/a few advices(2) 表示“有关,的建议”时,用介词 on,接名词、式。e.g. Let s ask for his advice on what to do next.下一步该怎么办。常见搭配:take/follow one议accept/refuse one议a pair of glovestwo pairs of两个青少年正在看correct
3、exercise books. 老 纠正拼写。Do you have the correcto代词或由疑问词引导的不我们去征求一下他的意见s advice接受某人的建ask for advices advice 接受(拒绝)某人的建offer advice to sb.向某人提供建议征求意见拓展:advise vt .建议常见搭配:advise sb. to do sth.sth.advise that sb. (should) doe.g. My teacher advises me to leave now. 老师建议我现在就离开。We advise measures (should )
4、be taken to stop pollution at once.我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。4. We should always speak English in class.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。should 是情态动词,意思是“应该”。通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务should/shouldn t do sth.e.g. He should work harder.他应该更加努力。You should help your mother with the housework.5.Let s try to speak English as much as possible
5、.英语。e.g. They are trying to study English well.他们正努力学好英语。I amtryi ng doingit in this way.我正试着用这种方法做。We should try/do our best to helpthe people in trouble.我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。(2)译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力(可能)”,主要用于 as.as possible/o ne can。e.g. You should rest as much as possible . 你应当尽量多休息。I have helped you as muc
6、h as I can . Now it is up to you.我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。6.Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films orsongs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。time 的用法:(1) time 侧重指“时间”这一概念,或说明“时间”的量, time 用作不可数名词,前面可 much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰。e.g. This s
7、aves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.这节省了时间,使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。(2)当作“次数;倍数”讲时,time 是可数名词。e.g. I have been to Beijing threetimes . 我去过北京三次。(3)time 构成的短语: at a time 一次, 每一次你们应该帮妈妈做家务at one time 曾经,一度 at times/from time to time all the time 总是,一直 in time 及时,迟早 on time 准时(4)ti
8、me 构成的句型:1It s time for sb. to do sth./It s (high) time sb. did sth.该是某人干,的时间了。e.g. It s time for children to go to bed. 是小孩睡觉的时候 了。It s high time thatwe started.我们该出发了。2each time (每次),next time(下次),the first/last time(第一次 / 最后一次,的时候)等词组引导的时间状语从句。e.g. The last time I went to Chin a, I visited Sha ng
9、hai.我上次至 U 中国时,游览了上海。14. I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in yourroom.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。 suggest,做动词,表示“建议,提议”的意思,对应的名词是 suggestion。头。She suggested that the class meet ing(should) not be held on Saturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行。注意:当 suggest 表示“暗示,表明”的意思
10、,它后面接宾语从句,谓语用真实 的时态,而不用“ should+动词原形”。e.g.他脸上的表情表明他很开心。(x)The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.(V)The expression on his face suggested that he was very happyModule 2 My home tow n and my country1. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它(佥 H有时,偶尔桥)位
11、于康河河畔,人口约为 12 万。population n.意思是“人口,居民”,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特 殊,所以很容易用错。1population 常与定冠词 the 连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形 式。e.g. The world s populationis increasing faster and faster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快。2当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。e.g. About seventy percent of thepopulationin China are farmers. 中国大约有百分之七十的人口
12、是农民。3有时 population 可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。e.g. China has a population of about 1.3 billion. = There is a population of about 1.3 billion in Chi na.中国大约有十三亿人口。4表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“ much或“ little ” ,而要用“ large ”或“small 0e.g. India has a large population. 印度人口众多。Singaporehas a small population . 新加坡人口少。5询问某国、某地有
13、多少人口时,不用“ How much. ?”,而用“ How large. ?”。在问具体人口时用“ What. ?”。e.g.What is the populati on ofCan ada? = How large is the populati onof CanadO? 加拿大的人口有多少?The population of Can ada is about 29 millio n.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。2. It has a population of about seven and a halfmillion , so it isbigger and busier tha
14、n Cambridge.它(伦敦)大约有 750 万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙。(1)million 是数词,意思是“百万。它的用法如下:1当与具体数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词of。e.g. three million people 三百万人He was prepared to pay two million . 他愿意支付 200 万。但是,后面的名词有了 the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。e.g. About three million of themhave left there.他
15、们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿。2当不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要用复数,而且要后 接介词 of,然后才能接名词。e.g. A careless mistake cost the companymillions ofpounds. 个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。拓展:与 million 有相同用法的数词还有:hundred (百),thousand (千),billio n(十亿)。本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双 音节词一般直接加-erlongtallIon gertaller不发音的 e 结尾时加
16、-rlatelargelaterlarger辅音字母加 y 结尾时把 y 变 i,再加-ereasyhappyeasierhappier重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母 时,双与最后的辅音字母,再加-erbig hotbiggerhotter(2)形容词比较级用法1表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“ A,+比较级 +tha n+B”。e.g. Li Lei s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。This moon cake is ni cer tha n that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。2有表示程度的副词 a li
17、ttle , a bit ,a few, a lot ,much, even,still , far, rather ,any 等修饰时,用形容词比较级。e.g. I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。It is much coldertoday than before.今天比以前冷得多。3比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。e.g. I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is20 meters higher than that one.这栋楼
18、房比那栋高 20 米。4表示“两者之间最,一个(of the two) ”时,常用“ the+比较级”结构。e.g. Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。5表示“越来越,”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“ more and more+形容词原级”。e.g. It s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our home tow n is beco ming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了Mod
19、ule 3 Sports节课进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级比较级多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加morecarefulbeautifulmore carefulmorebeautiful在原级前加lessimporta ntusefulless important less useful2)不规则变化:原级比较级good/well (身体好 的)bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittlelessfarfarther(较 远)further(进一步)oldolderelder(较年长的)(3)形容词和副词比较级
20、用法1表示两者进行比较时用比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“ A,+比较级+tha n+B”。e.g. The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮更大。 This painting isn icer than that on e.这幅绘画比那幅更漂亮。2有表示程度的副词 a little , a bit ,a few, a lot ,much, even,still , far, rather ,any 等修饰时,用比较级。e.g. I feel even better now.我现在觉得好多了。It is much cooler todaythan
21、before.今天比以前凉爽得多。3比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多 少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。e.g. This house is 10 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高 10 米。4表示“两者之间最,一个(of the two) ”时,常用“ the+比较级”结构。e.g. Mary is the fatter of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中较胖的。5表示“越来越,”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“ more and more+形容词原级”。e.g
22、. It s getting warmer and warmer in spring. Ourcity is beco ming more and more beautiful.6表示“越,就越,,”时,用“ the+比较级,e.g. The busier he is, the happier he feels.Module 4 Pla nes, ships and trains(1)规则变化:类别构成方法原级最咼级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-estlong tallIon gesttallest不发音的 e 结尾时加-stlate largelatest largest辅音子母加 y
23、结尾时把 y 变 i, 再加-esteasyhappyeasiesthappiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅 音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-estbig hotbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加 mostcarefulbeautifulmost carefulmost beautiful在原级前加 leastimporta ntusefulleast important least useful(2)不规则变化:原级最咼级good/well (身体好 的)best春天天气变得越来越暖和我们的城市越来越漂亮了。the+比较级”结构。他越忙越高兴。many/mu
24、chmostbad/illworstittleleastfarfarthest(更远的)furthest(最大程 度)oldoldesteldest(较年长的)(3)形容词最高比较级用法1表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the,句末常跟一个 in/of 短语来表示范围。(of 表示同范围,in 表 示不同范围)e.g. He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。Shan ghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。2表示在三者或三者以上的
25、人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C ?” 结构。e.g. Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 明 E个城市最漂亮,北京,上海还是福州3表示“最,的,之一”时,用“ one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容 词后面的名词要用复数形式。e.g. Zhou Jiel un is one of the most popular sin gers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。4形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最,”。e.g. The Changjiang
26、 River is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一大长河。5形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不 能再用定冠词 the。e.g. This is our last less on today.这是我们今天的最后一节课。6形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。e.g. Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.=Li Lei is taller tha n any other stude nt in his class. 一个学生都高。=Li Lei is taller t
27、ha n the other stude nts in his class.有的学生都高。=Li Lei is taller tha n anyone else in his class.高。李雷是班上最高的学生。李雷比班上其他任何李雷比班上其他所李雷比班上其他任何人都Module 5 Lao She Teahouse1. offer(1) 做动词,意思是“提供;提议;提出”。常用的搭配:1offer sth.e.g. Many people willinglyoffered their blood.很多人自愿献血。2offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.把某物给予某
28、人 e.g.The youngman offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。3offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 e.g.She offered to lend me herbike.她提出将自行车借给我。(2) 做名词,表示愿做某事或给予某物(后接 of/to do sth)。e.g.Thank you for your kind offer of help
29、ing me. = Thank you foryour kind offer to help me.谢谢你提供的帮助。2. Show show 做及物动词,意为“展示;显示;给,看”,show 后可接双宾语。1show sb. sth. 或 show sth. to sb.给某人看或者展示某物 e.g. Show meyour pen, please.=Show your pen to me, please.请让我看一下你的钢笔。Showyour tickets, please.请出示车票。注意:在“ show+、可接宾语+直接宾语”结构中,若直接宾语为指物的代词 it 或them 时,只能用
30、“ show it(them) to sb. ” 结构。你有一支钢笔,请给我看看。You have a new pen, please show it to me .VYou have a new pen, please show me it.x2意为“带领”,常构成短语 show sb. to,意为“带某人去”;show sb.around,意为“带某人参观”。e.g.Please show me to your school.请带我至 M 尔们学校去。Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.王叔叔将带领我们参观他的农场.3show+ t
31、hat 从句看出或者显示说明,e.g.Your homework shows that you are careful.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。此外,show 还可用作名词,意为“展览;陈列;演出”,常构成短语on show,意为“陈列,展览”。e.g.There is going to be a pictureshow in our school. 我们学校将举办一次画展。His pictures areon show now.他的画现在正在展览。3. If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, yo
32、u can enjoy them atthe teahouse.如果你喜欢京剧、传统音乐和魔术表演,你可以在这家茶馆里欣赏到它们。(1)这个句子是一个由 if 引导的条件状语从句。if 是连词,意思是“如果;若”。主句是 you can enjoy them at the teahouse,从句是 you like theBeiji ng opera, traditi onal music or magic shows。思考:如何使用 if 条件状语从句呢?1在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句,可以放在句首,也可以放在句末。常见的 if 条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生。紧跟在 i
33、f 后面的句子 是从句。e.g. If you ask him ,he will help you . 如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。If you fail in the exam ,you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。2另外,if 从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚 拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假 设。e.g. If I were you , I would invite him to the party. 女口果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。学习小窍门:if 条件句放在前,逗号要放句
34、中间;条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。3if :当“是否”讲时,引导宾语从句。e.g. I don t know if he will befree tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否有空。注意:if 引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句使用的是一般将来时,或含有情态动 词的句子或祈使句,从句通常用一般现在时(主将从现/主祈从现/主情从现)。e.g. If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.女口果明天下雨的话,我们将不去动物园。If he comes, let me know.如果他来,让我知道。(从句用一般现在时
35、,主句是祈使句)难点知识讲解:动词不定式(I )(1)动词不定式的含义生活中我们常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式,其中连续 出现了两个动词,这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢?首先请看下面的例句:We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我们决定留下来喝杯茶。I tried to un dersta nd the words.我努力理解这些话。I want to go to the teahouse. 我想去茶馆。 这三个句子中使用了 decide to do sth. ,wantto do sth. , try to do sth. 的表达方式,即行为
36、动词后的动词都采用了“ to+ 动词原形”的结构。我们把这种 结构称为动词不定式。其否定形式是“ not to do ”。 (2)动词不定式作宾语的用法 动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内 容。在英语中,并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用“动词 +不定式”的形式,一般说 来,用不定式时,所表示的多为将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记 忆,因为动词不同,其后动词形式的要求也就不同。常见的后面接“ to 十动词原形”作宾语的动词有: plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer,try, like, love等。口诀(接不定式作
37、宾语的动词) 想要学习 早打算( want learn plan )快准备 有希望( prepare hope wish expect )同意否 供选择( agree offer choose ) 决定了 已答应( decide determine promise )尽力去 着手做( manage undertake )别拒绝 别假装( refuse pretend ) 失败不是属于你( fail )e.g. Tom refused to lend me his pen.汤姆拒绝把他的钢笔借给我。We hope to get there before dark.我们希望在天黑之前到达那儿。Th
38、e girl decided to do it herself.这个女孩决定自己做。注意: 某些及物动词可用 -ing 也可用动词不定式作宾语,但意义不同的有:Hfsfrig曲咸 何 口1耐tuI* m越4肝砂解界IM柯,Module 6 Ani mals in dan ger1.形容词变成副词的规律。一般在形容词的词尾加-ly 可以变成副词。 例如: quick quickly, slow slowly, loud loudly,sudden suddenly 等。特殊情况:构成方法例子一些以辅音子母+y 结尾的形容词,要把 y 改为 i 再加-ly。happy happily,angry
39、an grily有些以-ble 或-le 结尾的形容词,去掉 e 加-y。possible possibly terrible terribly少数以 e 结尾的形容词,要去掉 e 再加-ly。 但绝大多数以 e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。true truly polite politely wide widely以-l 结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly,而不是只加-/。除非是以-ll 结尾的才在词尾只加-y。careful carefully useful usefully full fully温馨提示:副词修饰行为动词这一点。如:He is very_ (careful).H
40、e does everyth ing_ (carefully)第一句中是作表语,用形容词 careful ;第二句中修饰行为动词 does 用副词 carefully 。常考的形容词和副词辨析有:hard 努力-hardly 几乎不;late 迟的,晚的一lately 近来;deep 深-deeply 深深地;near 靠近- nearly 差不多;wide 宽- widely 广泛地;high 高的- highly 高度地;close 靠近的-closely 密切地;free 免费的-freely 自由地。典例剖析:Tom studiesbut his sisterstudies.A. ha
41、rd,hardB.hardly ,hardlyC. hard,hardlyD. hardly , hard答案:C解题技巧:此题第一个陷阱是 hard 和 hardly 的区别, 通常我们会认为 hard 的副词是 hardly,事实上 hard 既是 adj.又是 adv.,而 hardly 是另外一个 adv.,中文 是“几乎不,”。 hard作为 adv.时,通常在修饰的动词之后,而 hardly 通常在 动词之前,译这句中文“ Tom 学习努力,而他的妹妹则几乎不学习。”同根副词意 义有别的。4. -ing 形容词和-ed 形容词的区别。-ing 形容词-ed 形容词例句nterest
42、ing有趣的n terested感兴趣的I have an in teresti ng book. He isin terested in scie nee.excit ing令人兴奋的excited 感到兴奋的Have you heard of the excit ing news ?We are excited about thetraveli ng.moving 令 人感动 的moved 受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by Hong Zhan huideeply.表示主动意乂, 多 指事物对人的影 响,一般修饰事 物。表示被动意乂,多
43、扌曰人对事物的感受,主语 般是人,常用于“ sb.+ -ed 形容词+介词”结 构。We are all in terested in theinteresting story.5复习动词不定式。(1)不定式的基本形式是“ to +动词原形”,或省略 to 用动词原形。在句中使用 时不能作谓语,但可以和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。e.g. The mother wants herto read English every day.母亲要她的儿子每天读英语。My mother asked me not to read in bed.我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书。(2)不定式的句法作用:动词
44、不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用,它可以作宾语、宾补和状语。作宾语(want to do sth.e.g. He wants to go out with her. 他想和她一起出去。 意为“想要做某事”)注意:a. 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望,如: would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。e.g. Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗?b. 在 find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用 it 代替,而将真正的宾语
45、放在句末。e.g. I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很简单。 作宾语补足语:动词不定式作宾补时,它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。e.g. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露丝要他关小收音机。(他关小收音机)注意:动词不定式在使役动词 make, let 和感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel 等 词后作宾补时,常省去不定式符号 to。had better, would rather后的不定式也不带 to, help 后的不定式可带 to,也可不带 to。e.g. Her
46、mother makes her do homework every evening.她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业。Let s see the dolphins.我们去看海豚吧。I hear her sing every day.我听见她每天都唱歌。You d better do homework first.你最好先做作业。但 make, see, hear 等词在被动语态中,其后的不定式要带to。e.g. She was heard to speakEnglish. 有人听到她说英语。作目的状语,表示某一动作或状态的目的,常常翻译成“为了 ”。它可置 于句首或者句末。为了使目的意义更加清楚或
47、表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。e.g. Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王女士去上海看望她的女儿。To arrive in time , we ll start early.为了及时到达,我们将早出发。We should work hard in order to pass the exam.=We should work hard so as to pass the exam.我们应该努力学习以便我们能通过考试。注意:不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。e.g. They told
48、 us not to play basketball too Iong.他们告诉我们不要打太长时间的篮球。You d better not go to bed late.你最好不要睡觉太晚。M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此处 called 为过去分词,修饰 girl,放在名词之后。相当于 named.2. falldown 跌倒,掉下fall behind 跟不上,落在, 后面fall into 落入,中fall off 从, 上掉下来 fall back 退回 fall asleep 入 睡 fall ill生病Eg : She fell d
49、own and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitt ing in a tree and smili ng at every one. in a tree (外来物或人)在树上on a tree (树上本身有的东西:apple 等)在树上Eg : There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree. smile at sb 对 sb
50、 微笑Eg:Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4. “到达”的表达:arrive in+ 大地点 get to + 地点 at+ 小地点 (get hometherehere)5. have a tea party 举办茶会6. To see if you remember the story. To see 为不定式,在此处作目的状语,表示“为了看看” If 引导的是一个宾语从句,表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,与 whether 可以互换7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做 nothingsomething to
51、eatdrink nothing 作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数8. once or twice=from time to time偶尔Eg :Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次 twice 两次 三次及以上:数词 +times three times sixtimes9. what,for?=why,?为什么? ;, 有什么用Eg :(1) -What are you sitting on the eggs for? sitting onthem to hatch the chicks.(2) -Why are you late
52、again?an accident on the road.13.across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行,如过河,过桥,过马路。10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事形容词 strange 作后置定语,修饰不定代词 nothing 不定代词 somethinganythingnothingeverything 词后面,作后置定语。Eg:I have something important to do. strange appearedin the sky. 11. hear sb do sth听到 sb 做 sth( 此处是省略足语,类似的有 makelethavehelp
53、sb do sth等)hear sb doing sth 听到 sb 正在做 sthEg : I heard her play the piano in now.I hearsomeone singing in the room.12.take sth out of sp 把 sth 从 sp 掏出 sp 从 sp 冲跳出去o等时,to在英语中,当形容修饰形容词必须放在不定代There is something的动词不定式作宾语补the next room justrushjump out ofreach + 地点I ,- Im-Because there isthrough 表示动作是在物体
54、的内部空间进行,如穿过森林、门、隧道,光 线射入等Eg : Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road. The drivermust slow down when they drive through the tunnel.14. too,to,太, 而不能,Eg:He is too young to carrythe heavy bag.拓展: (1) too,to, 可以和 so,that, 互换 Eg: She is too young to goto school.young that she can t go
55、 to school.(2) too,to, 可以和容词与 too 后的形容词是相反的 )Eg :She is too young to go to school. old enough to go toschool.15. land on 落到, 上;着陆Eg :The plane will land on theisland in five minutes.16. 宾语从句:(1) 定义:在主从复合句中,充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句。(2) 位置:常在及物动词或介词之后。(3)引导词: that 无意义,不充当任何成分,常可以省略; ifwhether 表示“是否”,不充当任何成分,两
56、者可以互换,但有 or not 时只能用 whether ; whowhatwherewhenwhy 等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、 “何时”、“为什么”,分别可以充当主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状 语和原因状语,不可以省略。(4)语序:陈述句语序,即 “主语+谓语”(5)时态: 当主句为现在或将来时态时,宾语从句可以使用任何时态; 当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态 (一般过 去时,过去进行时等 );=She is so=She is notnot,enough to, 互换 (not 后的形当主句为过去时态时,宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时,用一 般现在时。Eg:I k
57、now (that) you met him yesterday.He asked if I would come.I don t understand what you say.He said there were no classes yesterday after noon. The teacher said thatlight travels faster than sound.M8 Accide nts1. on the phone通过电话通话(on 表示“通过”)2. look pale看起来很苍白此处 look 作为半系动词,后跟 adj.常见的半系动词有 tastesmells
58、oundfeel.Eg : The music sounds good.The food tastesdelicious.The sofa feels comfortable.3.listen听(强调听的过程,后接宾语时需加 to,即 listen to,)hear 听到(强调听到的结果,后接 do 或 doing)Eg : We should listen to the teachers carefully.Ihear some one si ngi ng in the n ext room.(我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌 )I hear some one si ng in the n ext
59、 room.(我听至 U 有人在隔壁房间唱歌)4.appear(v.)出现appeara nce(n.)sudde nly disappeared in front of us.5. hit 撞击; 打 Eg : The bus hits the bridge.the head.此外,hit 还可以作名词,表示Eg : His song made a hit.6. be glad to do sth很高兴去做 sth7.in time及时hope you can come back in time.on time.8. fall off=fall down from从,摔下来你睡 fall i
60、nto 掉入 fall in love with sb behind 落在,后面9. the risk of,的风险side by side 肩并肩attentionto 注意,(to 是一个介词,后接名词或 doingEg : We should pay more attention to developing economy.disappear.)消失 Eg: HeHe hits me on“轰动一时的成功”Eg : I am glad to see you again. ontime 准时,按时 Eg: I Please hand inyour homeworkfall asleep 入
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