2019-2020年高考英语考点聚焦+名题导解备考it的用法新人教版

1、2019-2020年高考英语 考点聚焦+名题导解备考it的用法 新人教版一、考点聚焦1、it 的基本用法（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.（2） 用以代替提示代词 this, that。What s this? It s a knife.Whose watch is that? It s mine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。Who is knocking at the door? It s me.（4 ）指环境情况等。It was very noisy （quiet） a

2、t the very moment.（5）指时间、季节等。What time is it? It s eight o clock.It often rains in summer here.（6 ）指距离。It is a long way to the school.（7）作形式主语。It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is as pity that you didn t read the book.（8）作形式宾语。I thi nk it no use arg

3、uing with him.I found it very in teresti ng to study En glish.He made it clear that he was not in terested in that subject.（9 ）用于强调结构。It was Xiaoming whom（that）I met in the street last night.It was in the street that I met Xiao ming last ni ght.It ws last ni ght that I met Xiao ming in the street.It

4、 was I who met Xiao ming in the street last ni ght.2、含有“ It is ”的句型（1）It is time （for sb.） to do sth.It is （high） time that sb. did sth.（虚拟语气）（2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb. ） + to do sth.通常用 of 的词有 brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、 silly 、stupid、foolish 、wise 等。(3)It is + 形容词 + tha

5、t + sb. + (should) do sth.(虚拟语气)能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural 、good、proper、right 、wrong、well、fortunate 、important 、necessary、useless、likely 、probable、impossible 等。有时可省去 should 而直接用动词原形。如：It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.It is natural that he( should)say so.(4)It is

6、 no use/ good + doing sth.It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again.(5)It is + 被强调部分 + that/who +Was it in the street that you met her?Who was it that called him“ rade ” ?It was not un til yesterday that I met my old friend.It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.(注意

7、上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”)比较：It is a small factory where my brother is going to work.(定语从句)(6)It is said/reported/announced/ (well) knownthat (7)It is/was + 时间+ since 从.已多久了。It is three years since I met him in Beiji ng.It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.(

8、注意两句中的时态)It is five mon ths si nee I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。It is five mon ths si nee I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。(注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作 或状态结束时算起。)(8)It is + 时间 + before 这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three hours 、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。I

9、t will be several years before we meet aga in.我们要过好几年才能再见面。It was not long before they set out for the front.不久他们就出发去了前线。(9)11 is /was/will be the first/second/thirdtime that It is the first time that I have been here.It was the second time that he had seen the film.(10) It is up to sb. to do sth 应由

10、某人做某事。It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.、精典名题导解选择填空1. _is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern ati onalIan guage.A.There B.This C.That D.It解析：答案为 D。本题考查作形式主语的用法。that 引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将it 置于句首作形式主语。2.1 hope there are eno ugh glasse for each guest to have_ .A.i

11、t B.those C.them D.o ne解析：答案为 D。本题考查替代词 it 和 one 的区别。it 用于替代同类的、特定的、同 一的事物；one替代同类的、泛指的人或物。根据题意“我希望有足够的杯子使每个客人有 一个。”可知应用 one 泛指eno ugh glasses 中的一个。3. Was_ that I saw last ni ght at the con cert?A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself解析：答案为 A。本题考查强调句型的疑问式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答案。4t wasback home after the

12、 experime nt.A. notun til midni ght did he go B. un til midni ght that he did n t goC. notun til midni ght that he went D. un til midni ght whe n he did n t go解析：答案为 C。此题考查的是 notuntil 句型的强调结构，其最根本结构是：He didnot go back home after the experiment.,把转变为 Not until midnight did he goback home after the ex

13、periment.，注意中的倒装结构，把中划线部分放在强调结构It be 被强调部分 that中进行强调，但注意that 从句后面不用倒装形式。2019-2020年高考英语考点聚焦+名题导解备考主谓一致和倒装新人教版一、考点聚焦1 、语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。The nu mber of stude nts in our school is 1,700.Mary and Kelly look alike.2、意义上一致(1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。The crowd were runing for the

14、ir lives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle 等。(2)主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.形复意单的单词有new、 works (工厂)、means 和以 ics 结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics 、 economics 等。3、 就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词 or、eitheror、neither nor、not only but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。Either you o

15、r I am mad.4、应注意的若干问题 ( 1 )名词作主语。1某些集体名词如 family 、 team 等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数， 反之用复数。My family is going out for a trip.The whole family are watching TV.这类词常有 audience 、 class club 、 mittee 、 pany、 crew、 crowd、 enemy、 government 、group 、 party 、 public 、 team 等。Population 和“ a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”

16、也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数， 强调各个部分用复数。2某些集体名词如 people 、 police 、 cattle 、 oxen 只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复 数。3单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.4名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时， 动词一般用单数。 My uncle s is not for from here.常见的省略名词有 the baker s 、 the barbar s、 the Zhangs等。 表示店

17、铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardson s have a lot of old goods to sell.5当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根 据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirty years has passed.Five minutes is enough to finish the task.6不定代词 each、 every 、 no 所修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接成多主语时， 谓语动 词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl in

18、 my class has a dictionary.7如果主语有 more than one 或 many a 构成，尽管从意义上 看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has seen the play.Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.但是，“ more +复数名词+ than one ”结构之后，谓语用复数。8一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如 glasses 、clothes 、 trousers 、 shoes、 passes、 chopsticks 、 s

19、cissors 等。但如果主语用 a kind of 、 a pair of 、 a series of 等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.9this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书 ) ，其谓语动词；短语 this kindof men = men of this kind = these kind ofmen(口语)(这一类人)，但 this ki nd of men 的谓语用单数， men of this ki nd 和 these kind of men 的谓语用复数，

20、all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of theis kind/sort are dangerous.10复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有 means works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese 等。当它们的前面有 a 、 such a、 this 、 that 修饰时，谓语用单数；有 all 、 such 、 these 、 those 修饰时，谓语用复数。0如果名词词组中心词是all、most、h

21、alf、rest 等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。All of my students work hard.All of the oil is gone.102 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs an oil painting.( 2)由连接词连接的名词作主语。1用 and 或 bothand 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。Truth and honesty is the bes

22、t policy.To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.2当主语后面跟有 as well as、 as much as、 no less than 、 along with 、 with 、 like 、 ratherthan 、 together with 、 but、 except 、 besides 、 including 、 in addition to

23、等引 导的词组时，采取“就远原则” 。3以 or 、 either or 、 neigher nor 、 not only but also 等连接的词作主语 时，采取“就近原则” 。( 3)代词作主语。1名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是 单数还是复数。Ours (Our Party) is a great Party.Your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black.2such、the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such is our plan. Such are

24、his last words.3关系代词 who、 that 、 which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先 行词的数一致。4疑问词 who、what 、which 作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、 复数。Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.Who lives next door? It is Wang and Li.5不定代词 any、 either 、neither 、none、all 、some、more 等作主语时，要注意下列 情况：(A)单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Nowall ha

25、s beenchanged. All are present.( B)其后接 of 时，若 of 的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若 of 的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中， 单数形式的动词更常用。 Do (es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has (have) seen the film.( 4)分数、量词作主语。1“分数或百分数 + 名词”构成的短语以及由 “a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a largequantity of, a heap of, he

26、aps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中 前面的量词是修饰语。如：Lots of damage was caused by flood.A number of students have gone to the countryside.A large quantity of people is needed here.Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table.2a great deal of 、a large amount

27、of 修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动 词通常用单数；large amounts of 修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复 数。3表示数量的 one and a half 后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动 词用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.4half of 、(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。(5) 名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the +形容词(或分词)结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有 the rich、 the

28、poor 、the brave 、 the injured 、 the living 、 the wounded 等。如表抽象的也可以用 单数，如 the unknown 、the beautiful 等。( 6)从句作主语。由 what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时， 谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need is more money.What we need are more people/teachers.在“ one of +复数名词 + who/that/which ”引导的从句结构中，关系代词 who/that/which 的先行词是靠

29、近它的复数名词而不是one,因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如 one 前有 the only 则用单数形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.She was the only one of the girls who was late for class today.（7）不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be 句型中 be 的单复数取决于 be 后的第一个词的数。There is a book, two pens on the desk.There

30、 are two pens, a book on the desk.5、倒装句的要点复习（1）在以 there 、here 、now、then、such 引导的,引起人们注意的招呼句要倒装。There goes the bell. Here es the bus.（2）表示动态的状语,置于句首时,句子要倒装。Off went the horse. In came the boss.From the speaker es the doctors voice.（3）表示地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时。South of the town lie two steel factories.Betwe

31、en the two buildings stands a tall tree.注意：句子的主语为人称代词时,句子不倒装。Here it is. Away they went.（4） 否定词 never 、seldom、hardly 、scarcely 、barely 、rarely 、little、 not 、 nowhere、byno means 、at no time 、neither 、nor 等放在句首时,句子常倒装。如：By no means shall we give up.Never have I been to the USA.Seldom does she get up l

32、ate in the morning.（5）在 not only but also nosooner than 、hardly when 、scarcely whe n、notun til、 sothat 、suchthat句型中，主句倒装，从句不倒装,但要注意： neither nor 连接的句子前后两个分句都要倒装。Not only is she smart but also she is beautiful.Such great progress did he make that he was praised.So heavy is the box that I can t carry

33、it.Neither has he a pencil, nor has he a pen.（6）Only + 状语或状语从句 + 其他（ only 在句首时要倒装）。Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.（7）so、neither 、nor 放在句首时,表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物时,用部 分倒装。（8） 表语或状语或动词原形 + as/though + 主语 + 其他时,句子要倒装。 （在让步状 语从句中）(9 )虚拟语气中用倒装代替if。Were I you, I would go there at on

34、ce.Had you e yesterday, you could have helped us.(10)在一些表示祝愿的句子中。Long live China!二、精典名题导解 选择填空1. Each of the stude nts, work ing hard at his or her less ons,_ to goto uni versity.So do I .A.hope B.hopesC.hop ingD.hoped解析：答案为 B。本题考查主谓一致中的意义一致原则，不定代词either、neither、each、one、the other、another 以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义 一致的原则采用单数形式，排除 A。选项 C 是非谓语动词的一种，不能单独作谓语，亦应排 除。根据答语中的时态又可排除选项D。2. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them_abse nt for differe nt reas ons.A.were; was B.was; was C.was;