中医英语翻译理论_图文(精)

1、Theory of TCM Translation中医英语翻译理论1中页翻译概论 1.1指的是4翻译廉语的无等值词0：对用译语中的 fi.粮对应词代换无等值词匹的如成部分，即词 素龙词。肝金liver blood血金blood deficiency 话 血亿漆activating blood to re$olve stag nation1中医翻译概论 1.1仿造句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法 口从阴阳则生.逆之则死. Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life,while violating it leads to death.阴虚则热.阳虚

2、则寒。 Deficie ncy of yin gen erates heat and deficie ncyof yang produces cold 1.2定义化中灰术语高度凝炼.难以用同样长如的英语农达清处翻译往往以解释、宦义方式進行辨证论治 diagnosis and treatment based on the overallanalysis of symptoms and signs虚胀 Flatulenee due to yang-deficiency of the spleenand kidney1中医翻译概论丄2定义化缺点简洁变冗长.违反科技术语翻译.使用的原翻则和谄境熾以配合

3、月碍中医术语英译迈向规范简化处理辨证论治 treatment based on syndrome differentiation identifying patterns and determining treatment虚胀 deficiency-flatule nee vacuity distension丄中灰翻译概论 1.3词义分化同-中灰术语在不同语境下.可以有不同涵义（诃参 义polysemy）同一概念也町用不同术语表达（同义词synonymy）虚 asthenia, deficie ncy, in sufficiency, weak ness,debility, hypofunet

4、 ion.中医翻译概论 1.3词义分化脾虚asthenia of the spleenspleen vacuityspleen deficiency (WHO draft) *脾虎水泛hypofunction of the spleen体锻weakness / debility丄中页翻译概论 1-3词义分化必須考虔语境 a)肾藏精精舍志.rwj指精 vThe kidney stores esse nte and the esse neemaintains activities. b)粕i伤则骨找痿時口下J指肾WH :乔！指粘液JThe damage of the kidney essence

5、causesaching ana flaccidity of the bones as well ascold sensation in the limbs, which will furtherleads to frequent seminal emission1中医翻译概论 1.3词义分化必須考电语境口 C) )脉理粘微，其体难辨.精指精深 The theory of pulse is very profound and theconditions of pulse are difficult todifferentiate.1中灰翻译概论丄 4 拼音化当英谱无法农达中阪待宵概念時，川拼音

6、翻译 气 Vital energyw which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed7刃气五味four properties and five tastesfour natures and five flavors滋阴障火nourishing yin to reduce fireenriching yin and downbearing fire2中页翻译的困难 2.1词汇缺口(lexical gap)翻译人员各有不同考世、偏好五行 five elements, five phases, wuxing命门 gate of life, vital

7、 gatefvitaport, mmgmen三焦 three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, tripleenergizers, sanjiao五脏 five solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs，fivezang-visceras, wuzang2中页翻译的困难 2.2理解偏差历史、文化因素使得术语理解困难失笑散Powder for Lost SmilesSudden Smile Powder黄帝内经Yellow Emperor s Internal Medicine(Huangdis) Can

8、on of MedicineHuangdi s Classics on MedicineHuangdi s Internal ClassicHuangdi Neijing2中医翻译的困难噸要经典译名举例索问Plain Questions, Elementary Questions灵枢Miraculous Ptvoc. Pivotal AxisrMagic Pivot类经Systematic Compilation of the Internal Classic, Classified Canon难经Difficult ClassicOassic on Medical Problems* Cla

9、ssic of Difficult Issues伤寒朵病论Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases On Cold Damage andMiscellaneous Diseases金匮要略Synopsis of Golden Chamber Important Strategies from the Golden ChestEssntiolnotion of th Golden Coffer2中灰翻译的困难噸要经典译名举例神农本草经Shen Nong s Herbal, The HerbalThe Canon on Medicinal Her

10、bsDivine Husbandmans Herbal Foundation Canon本草纲冃Compendium of Materia MedicaComprehensive Herbal Foundation本草备要Essentials of Materia MedicaEssential Herbal Foundation2中页翻译的困难濒湖脉学The Pulse Studies of Binhu Birvhu Sphygmology2中医翻译的困难噸要经典译名举例太平崽民和 剂局方Formularies of the Bureau of Peoples WelfarePharmaci

11、esStandard Formularies of the Pharmacy for People sWelfare in Taiping ReigPenodFormulas of the Tai Ping Imperial Grace Pharmacy汤头歌诀Recipes in Rhymes温病条辨Detailed Analysis of Epidemic Febrile Diseases An Analysis onWarm Diseases Systematized Identification of Warms Diseases3中医翻译实践 3丄借用西医术语心悸 palpitati

12、o n便秘 constipation便汹 loose / sloppy stool遗尿 enuresis / incontine黄疸口Jaundke纳呆口ano rexiapoor appetite / torpid in take3中医翻译实践 3.2 直译yin yang disharmony / Imbalance between yin andyang spleen failing to move and transform /dysfunction of spleen; failure of spleen In transpcrtation liver failing to stor

13、e blood / Inability of theliver to store bloodImpaired harmonious downbearing of the stomach /failure of gastric qi to descend Insufficiency of kidney yang / insufficiency of renalyang3中页翻译实践 3.3意译天行赤眼 acute contagious conjunctivitis vs. heavervcurrent red eye缠腰火丹 herpes zoster around the waist vs.

14、girdling fire cinn a bar阳化气阴中Z阴木生火抑木扶土补母泻子瘴心开窍於舌脾主运化瘁肺主气司呼吸yang transforming into qiyin within yinwood generates/generating fire the lung governs qi and man agesrespirBtjtm_ _3中页翻 3.2直译阴阳失调 脾失健运 肝不藏血胃失和降乃阳不足子盗母气 child-organ disorder involving its mother organVS child steals the mother s qi3中页翻译实践 3.

15、4音意結合元气 primordial qi, origi nal qi, con genital qi正气 healthy qi. right qi, genuine qi, vital qi宗气 pectoral qi, thoracic qi, ancestral qi中气 gastrosplenic qi*, middle qi, center qi营气 nutrient qi, construction qi肾气 kidney-qi#jrenal qi _the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)二隹八八三焦，是中医学脏腑学说中一个特冇的名词。The term, tripl

16、e warmer, is peculiar to TCM.三焦是上焦、中焦、下焦的合称，为六腑zIt is a collective name of the upper, middle and lowerwarmer and is one of the six bowels.关三焦的型态与实质.中医界众说纷纭，至今尚无定论.In the field of TCM, no unan imous con elusion has beendrawn about the form and crux of the triple warmer.二隹八八the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)

17、 一般认为，三焦是包罗人体所冇内脏的一个人脏.It is gen erally recogn ized that triple warmer is a largebowel containing all the internal organs.如明张介宾说：三焦者，确冇一胎盖脏腑之外躯壳之 内.包罗诸脏.一腔之大腑也。For instance, Zhang Jiebir a medical man in the Mingdynasty, said, Triple warmer is, in fact, a bowel. It isoutside all the viscera and bowe

18、ls but within the body,contains all the other organs and is the largest bowelwithin the body cavity.在中医理论中.三焦也是划分躯体部位的一个槪念In the theory of TCM the term triple warmer* is also used to二隹 / tthe Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)locate the body parts 即确以匕的部位为上焦.包括心、肺：膈以下脐以上的部位 为中焦包描鹿、H：脐以下为下焦.包括肿、也大小肠、 膀胱、女子胞等。Th

19、e upper warmer is the portion of the body cavityabove the diaphragm which houses the heart and the lung. Themiddle warmer is the portion between the diaphragm and avel)which houses thespleen and the stomach. The lower warmer is the portion belowthe umbilicus which houses the liver, the kidneyfthe ur

20、inarybladder, the intestines and the uterus.二隹 / the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao) 其中肝脏.按其部位来说.应归划中焦。According to the liver s locatior it can be clearly seenthat the liver is an organ within the middle warmer.但中医认为，肝肾同源,关系密切,故将肝肾同划归下焦.But it is said that the liver is an organ within the lowerwarmer. Why7B

21、ecause TCM believes that the liver andthe kidney have the same source (a common source)and a close relationship，thus puts the liver into the lowerwanner (together with the kidney).二隹 / tthe Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)寿: The upper warmer controls respiration, and activates the flow ofvita! energy, blood

22、and body fluid (referring to. in fact, thefunctions of the heart and lung), i.e.(it disperses pectoral7/accumulated in the chest to all parts of tie body just as fogand dew moisten the earth. This is why TCM says that讦heupper warmer is like a sprink/er for distributing nutrients and qi二隹 / the Tripl

23、e Warmer (Sanjiao)中焦主运(实指脾、 口的功能)， 即腐熟水谷， 运 化粘傲，必化气血，故喻之为中隹如氷； 一 The middle warmer functions in transportation andtransformation (referring to in fact, the functions of thespleen and stomach), i.e. it ferments water and food andtransports and transforms food essence in order toproduce vital eneray a

24、nd blood. Therefore, it is likened toa fermentation tun, where food is digested.三焦的生理功能.总的来说.是总旬人体q化.分开米说，匕您主呼吸、主ft发（实指心、肺的功能） 即把枳/胸审的气宜布.布达全身若霜琳Z溉,故称上焦如the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)二隹 i / *卜焦主分别淌浊.排泄尿液9大便(实指,叭 小肠、 大莎 肿 胱的功能).以上生理功能均IWJHT.向外排液的特点故栋 下焦如饥 The lower warmer separates clear fluid from turb

25、idfluiddischarges urine and stool, (referring to, in fact, thefunctions of the kidneyrthe small intestine, the largeintestine and the urinary bladder). These twophysiological Cunctions mentioned above arecharacterized by excreting wastes downwards andoutwards. It is said that tne lower warmer works

26、likegutters, to filter and drain off waste and superfluouswater.二隹 / the Triple Warmer (Sanjiao)三焦的这些生理功能.实际上是体内并脏腑功能的总合。In fact, all these physiological functions of the triplewarmer are the sum total of the activities of all theviscera and bowels in the body.在癘理上，上、中、下三焦异常所出现的旃证.实际上也是* 部位脏腑功能的异常农现

27、.Pathologically, diseases (disease patterns) due to aneibnormality of upper, or middle, or lower warmer aremanifestations of dysfunctions of the viscera or bowelswithin it.肺与脾The relationship between the lung and thespleenPhysiologically, two aspects are invdved in the relationship between thelung a

28、nd the spleen.The lung and the spleen are physiologically related in two ways.One is the production of the pectoral qi.The luna is responsible for inhaling fresh air and the spleen for absorbingfood nutrients throughtransportation and transformationThe accumulation of the fresh air and food nutrient

29、s inthe chest eventuallysforms into the pectoral qi.肺与脾The relationship between the lung and thespleenThus the normal function of the lung and the spleen are prerequisite tosufficient production of the pectoral qi.Normal function!ng of the lung and the spleen are thus essential forsufficient production of (the) pectoral qi.Sufficient product!on of (the) pectoral qi depends on the normal functioningof the lung and the spleen.The other is the metabolism of fluidThe other involves the metabolism of fluid.The relati on ship betw een the 市与脾 lung and the spleer? T