专题1语法填空与短文改错第2节基础语法第5节形容词和副词

1、第5节形容词和副词形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词,说明事物或人的性质、特征或状态.副词主要用来修 饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子等.语法填空题和短文改错对形容词和副词的考查主要是形 容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比拟级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等.【单句语法填空】1. According to a review of evidence in a medical journal , runners live three years (long) than non-runners.(2022 全国 I )答案 longer解析 考查副词的比拟等级.句中的than是比拟级的标志,故填 10ng的

2、比拟级longer.2. Running is cheap, easy and it' s always (energy). (2022 全国 I )答案 energetic解析考查词性转换之名词变形容词.连系动词is后接形容词作表语,故填energy的形容词形式 energetic.3. That makes her baby screamand then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the(loud) of all.(2022 全国 m)答案 loudest解析 考查副词的比拟等级.由空前的 the以及空后的all可知要用最高级.4. B

3、ut something made her look closer , and she noticed a(shine) object.2022 6月浙江答案 shiny/shining解析 考查词性转换之动词变形容词.空格处修饰后面的名词object物体,用形容词形式,故填shiny或shining ,意为“闪闪发光的“.5. Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fair unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.2

4、022 全国 n 答案 fairly解析 考查词性转换之形容词变副词.这里 fair是形容词,修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词形式,故填fairly.【单句改错】每题仅有1处错误6. I felt happily that their life had improved.2022 全国 I -答案 happilyf happy解析 本句中felt是系动词,意为“觉得",后面应用形容词作表语,故将happily改为happy.7. Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.2022 全国 n答

5、案 BesidefBesides解析 此处表示“此外,而且 : 应用besides.beside在旁边.8. A few minutes late , the instructor asked me to stop the car.2022 全国 I 答案 late 一 later解析“一段时间+ later表示多长时间之后,是固定用法.【诊断报告】考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1形容词、副词以及其他词性的转换2,4,5,6,82形容词和副词的比拟等级1,33连接副词7名师点津：1 .形容词、副词在语法填空中的审题要诀: 分析“空格定词性,是形是副先敲定.比拟等级问一问,词性转换依章程.2 .形容词

6、、副词在短文改错中的审题要诀:形容、副词年年考,错误分类须知晓.该用比拟用原形,该用最高却比拟.该用形容它用副,该用副词又调包.词意相近词性错,形似又将词意抛.考点一形容词和副词的词性/词形转换形容词+ -ly变副词的变化规那么：1 . 一般情况：在词尾加-lyimmediate immediately ; wonderful wonderfully ; realfreally; careful fcarefully ; polite - politely ; quick fquickly2 .辅音字母加-y结尾的当 y 的发音为i时,变 y为 i,力口-ly： angry-angrily ；

7、 busy-busily; heavy-heavily(2)当 y 的发音为d时,直接加-ly : shy 一 shyly; dry dryly3 .以-ble或-le结尾的形容词去 e加-ypossiblefpossibly ; terriblefterribly ; simple fsimply ; comfortable f comfortably4 .以-ue结尾的形容词去 e力口-ly: true 一truly5 .以-l 结尾的形容词在词尾加-ly : usualusually ; carefulcarefully6 .以-ll结尾的形容词在词尾加 -y: full 一fully7

8、 . 以-ic 结尾,力口 -ally： economic feconomically ; scientific f scientifically例1单句语法填空A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change : An important part of its corn is used tofeed chickens, pigs, and cattle.(2022 全国 D )答案 actually解析考查词性转换之形容词变副词.修饰动词用形容词actual的副词形式actually o例2单句改错It was a relief and I ca

9、me to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.(2022 全国 I )答案 suddenly fsudden解析 该句中白名词 stop应用形容词修饰,所以把 suddenly改为sudden.考点二形容词和副词的比拟等级1.高考对形容词和副词比拟等级的考查主要表达在两个方面：一是通过标志词(than, still,far, much , a lot, even等)或表示比拟意义的语境得出要用比拟级或最高级；二是考查一些 固定结构中比拟级或最高级的用法,如：(1)比拟级：表示“越就越用" the+比拟级.,the +比拟级.

10、结构；“比拟级 + and+比拟级"和"more and more +原级"表示"越来越:其反义词组为" less andless+原级；否认词+比拟级=最高级.(2)最高级：表达在某个范围内“最,使用“ the +形容词/副词的最高级+比拟范围结 构.表示范围的标志词有 in, of, among等;当空格前有the second/ third/. , one of.等词时, 需填最高级.2.形容词、副词的比拟等级的不规那么变化good/well fbetter - ；b&sid/badly fworsefwo rstmany/muc

11、h f morefmost little lesslefart -farther/further f farthest/furthest例3单句语法填空Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2022 全国 I)答案 worse解析 考查副词的比拟级.根据语境可知,此处表示程度的加深,所以用比拟级形式.evenworse更糟的是,可以看作固定搭配.例4单句语法填空The (hard) you try to beat him , the more likely you will get hit.答案 harder解

12、析 考查固定句式中的比拟等级.这里是“the+比拟级.,the+比拟级.句式,表示"越就越".故答案为harder.例5单句改错The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also the best and worse years in my life.答案 worsefworst解析 句意为：从13岁到19岁的青少年时期对我来说是最艰难的时期,也是我一生中最好、最糟糕的岁月.分析句子可知,句中的最高级the best是提示,且句中有表示范围的in my life

13、 ,故应把bad的比拟级 worse改为最高级 worst.考点三常见的连接副词1 .逻辑性副词：anyway无论如何,however然而,therefore因此,thus因此,besides而 且,还有,though尽管,然而,too, also, instead等.2 .时间性副词短语：a few hours ago几小时前,ten minutes later十分钟后,afterwards后 来,the day after次日,the day before前日,than before比以前,than ever比以前,than ever before比以往任何时候,ever since从那时

14、起,and then然后,till then直到那时,by then到那时为止,just then就在那时,from then on从那时起等.例6单句语法填空Most important , though, remember the following old rule : try to eat different food , yet not too much.答案 importantly解析 考查副词.空处修饰全句,故用副词形式.例7单句改错When I was a child , I spent more than ten years learning the violin.There

15、fore , I couldn' t understand “ real music".答案 Therefore f However解析 考查副词.上文说“我花了十年的时间学小提琴.下文转折了,句意为“我还是不明白真正的音乐.“故将Therefore改为However.I.单句语法填空1. As (nature) architects , the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案 nat

16、ural解析 修饰名词architects,应用形容词形式.故填 natural.2. Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very (care) mother.答案 careful/caring解析空格处修饰名词 mother,故用形容词.care的形容词是caring(关心他人的)或careful(细心的).在此,两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通.3. The title will be (official) given to me

17、 at a ceremony in London.答案 officially解析根据句子结构可知,应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词.4. As night fell , we became (increase) worried.答案 increasingly解析此处应用副词increasingly(越来越,渐增地)来修饰形容词worried o5. Staying (health) while traveling can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.答案 healthy解析 句意为：在旅行的过程中保持

18、健康有助于保证你的旅途开心、愉快.stay为系动词,意为“保持,其后常接形容词作表语.故填 healthy.6. We felt safe for the next half-hour so we decided to go even (far).答案 farther/further解析 根据该句中的“even可以判断,此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点,故用far的比较级.7. The more support you win from others , the (fast) you will move toward your goal. 答案 faster解析 句意为：你赢得别人的支持越多,就

19、会越快地接近你的目标.此处为“the+比拟级 ,the+比拟级 结构,意为“越,就越.因此,设空处应用比拟级.故填faster.8. But that didn ' t prevent the boy from becoming one of the (great) composers of all time.答案 greatest解析 根据one of可知是表示"最之一,应用最高级.故填greatest9. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here(ear

20、ly). 答案 earlier解析 句意为：这组新到的学生比那组较早待在这儿的学生行为举止好得多.由than可知,此句含有比拟意味,在两者之间进行比拟,故定语从句中也要用比拟级形式,所给副词early的比拟级为earlier o10. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work , you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance.答案 greater解析 本空所填之词与less是并列关系,应用比拟级的形式.故填greater.

21、n .单句改错(11题有2处错误,其余每题仅有1处错误)11. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes , playing pop music , and collecting thelate music albums.(2022 全国出)答案 differencef different; lateflatest解析 名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰,因此把名词difference改为形容词different o指“收集最新的音乐专辑,故将late改为latesto12. At one time , I even felt

22、my parents couldn ' t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.答案 freely - free影响的.解析 系动词be后应使用形容词来作表语,be free from摆脱的,不受13. It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems.答案 clearfclearly解析 修饰过去分词 shown,要用副词clearly "清楚地.14. However, it seem

23、s that there are still some people not full aware of it.答案 full ffully解析 修饰形容词aware,应用副词,故用fully.15. In their spare time , they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden , which is on the rooftop of their house.2022 全国 n -答案 interesting f interested解析由于是描述主语they,指人的心理状态,所以应用 interested

24、"对感兴趣的“.16. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.2022 全国 n 答案 earlierf early解析此处没有比拟的含义,所以用 early的原级.17. Is it necessary to practise handwriting ? Some students consider handwriting least important than before.2022吉林百校联盟联考答案 leastf less解析由句中的than可知应用important的比拟级形式,故将 lea

25、st改为less.18. The dishes that I cooked were Mom ' s favoritest.答案 favor让estffavorite解析 句意为：我做的菜是妈妈的最爱.favorite用作形容词,意为“最喜爱的,用作名词时意为“最喜爱的人或事物.该词本身已包含最高级的含义,没有比拟级或最高级.19. What' s bad, the driver' s information might be unreliable.答案 badfworse解析 what' s worse更糟糕的是,固定搭配.20. In my opinion

26、, success lies in a series of goals.However , we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams.答案 HoweverfTherefore解析 根据语境可知,此处前后句之间为因果关系,故应用 Therefore o出.语法填空一一形容词和副词专练Visitors to Britain may find the 21. (good) place to enjoy local culture is in a 22.(traditio

27、n) pub.A team of researchers have revealed some of the 23. (know) culture of British pubs starting with the difficulty of getting a drink.This may sound 24. (convenient), but there is a 25.(hide) meaning.Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness.Standin

28、g at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be served.The bar counter is 26.(possible) the only place in Britain where a 27(friend) talkwith strangers is considered to be 28.(entire) proper and really quite normal behavior.29., if you do not follow the local rules, the

29、 experience may fall flat.For example, if you are in a big group , it is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks.Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 30.(much) than a group of strangers blocking all passages to the bar while they chat hesitantly about what to order.语篇解读

30、本文讲述的是假设想享受英国文化,最好的去处是酒吧.21. 答案 best解析 考查形容词的最高级.根据语境分析可知,此处指出了一定的范围内,即“在英国,应该填提示词的最高级形式best.22. 答案 traditional解析 考查词性转换之名词变形容词.分析句子成分可知,此处应该填一个形容词作定语,修饰名词pub,所以填提示词的形容词形式traditional o23. 答案 unknown解析 考查词性转换之动词变形容词.根据上文中的“revealed"揭示可知,此处应该表示“不为人知的“,因此填形容词形式 unknown ,在句中作定语.24. 答案 inconvenient解

31、析 考查词形转换.根据语境可知此处填写convenient的反义词,在句中作表语.25. 答案 hidden解析 考查分词形容词.此处为分词形容词作定语修饰名词meaning,且表被动,故填hidden.26. 答案 possibly解析 考查词性转换之形容词变副词.此处在句中作状语,应该填提示词的副词形式possibly o27. 答案 friendly与陌生人之间的友好交谈可知,此处在解析考查词性转换之名词变形容词.根据语境句中作定语,填提示词的形容词形式friendly.28. 答案 entirelyproper,故填提示词解析 考查词性转换之形容词变副词.此处在句中作状语,修饰形容词

32、的副词形式entirely.29. 答案 However解析 考查副词.根据语境可知,上下文之间为转折关系,且空格处用逗号与句子其他局部隔开,所以填表示转折关系的副词however.30. 答案 more解析 考查副词的比拟级.根据后面的than可知,此处填提示词的比拟级形式more.W .短文改错holdheldin China , I felt very excited.ItHearing a news that the 2022 Winter Olympics will be hold in China , I felt very excited.It struck to me how

33、I learned skating when I was a child.At 7 , I began to go crazy about skating , like all my friend.At the beginning , it extremely tough for me to keep my balance.I always fall over on the ground , as a result of which I thought I had no talent for skating.So I gradually lost confidence and became i

34、mpatient.The more impatient I was, the more terrible I did.I was about to give up while my father came to my assistance.Encouraged by her, I restored confidence and stood up again.As I practiced skating , he always created a relaxed atmosphere and put forward some specific advice.Eventually , I made

35、 it. 答案aHearing the news that the 2022 Winter Olympics will bestruck to me how I learned skating when I was a child.At 7 , I began to go crazy about skating , likeall myfriend friends.At the beginning ,itAwasextremely tough for me to keep my balance.I alwaysfallfellover on the ground , as a result o

36、f which I thought I had no talent for skating.So I gradually lostconfidence and became impatient.The more impatient I was , the moreterribleterriblyI did.I was about towhilehergive up when my father came to my assistance.Encouraged by hjm-,I restored confidence andstood up again.As I practiced skati

37、ng,he always created arelaxedrelaxingatmosphere and put forwardsome specific advice.Eventually , I made it.专题强化练七I .语法填空(2022湖南邵阳二模)All China ' s major cities have good transport 1. (network) . There are tour buses, minibuses, taxis, as well as public buses.Public buses in Chinese towns are alwa

38、ys 2.(crowd) . The fare depends on distance, and 3.(be) payable to the conductors of buses.A taxi is often 4. most convenient means of travel in the city.They are available at airports , railway stations and hotels and even in urban areas.The total fare depends on the starting meter price,5 can rang

39、e from 5 to 12 yuan and the distance.Extra fees 6(charge) for waiting and low speed driving during traffic jams.If you take a taxi after 11 pm , a 20 percent surcharge applies over the basic fare.The minibus is a compromise between the 7.(relative) expensive taxis and full public transport.Their cha

40、rge is a little more than that of the bus about 2 yuan or more 8.(depend) on distance, but it is very convenient , because it can stop 9. any point you want along the route.Tour buses, normally 10.(equip) with air conditioning and TV, are managed by travel agencies, hotels and airports and provided

41、for short tours.A tour guide is usually present on such buses.语篇解读中国所有主要城市都有良好的交通网络,有旅游巴士、迷你巴士、出租车,还有公共汽车.本文介绍了这几种交通方式的有关情况.1 .答案 networks解析 句意为：中国所有主要城市都有良好的交通网络.network网络,是可数名词,此处用复数形式,故答案为networks o2 .答案 crowded解析 句意为：中国城镇的公共汽车总是拥挤的.crowd的形容词形式为crowded “拥挤的,可知答案为crowded o3 .答案is解析 句意为：车费取决于距离,并支付

42、给公共汽车售票员.此处为and连接的两个并列谓语,主语the fare为第三人称单数,时态应与depends保持一致,用一般现在时,故填is.4 .答案 the解析 句意为：在城市里,出租车通常是最方便的旅行方式.形容词最高级前用定冠词the.5 .答案 which解析 此句中间是逗号,所以不可能是并列句；后半句没有主语,所以不可能是状语从句更不可能是名词性从句,它是一个非限制性定语从句；这里先行词是 price,指物,关系词在从 句中作主语,故答案为which o6 . 答案 are charged解析 句子主语Extra fees是复数形式,和谓语动词charge之间是被动关系,由上下文语

43、境可知,文章主体时态是一般现在时,所以用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为are chargecL7 .答案 relatively解析 此处expensive "昂贵的",是形容词,应该用副词来修饰,故答案为relatively "相对地.8 .答案 depending解析 句意为：他们的收费比公共汽车多一点,大约 2元或更多,这取决于距离.此处是现在分词作伴随状语,故答案为dependingo9 .答案 at解析 句意为：由于它可以在沿线你想要下车的任何地点停下来.at any point在任何地点,故答案为at.10 .答案 equipped解析 句子有谓语动词

44、,句子主语Tour buses和动词equip之间是被动关系,所以这里是过去分词作后置定语,答案为equipped o(2022豫南九校联考)On the way to the train station I found a mobile phone on the street.It seemed 11. (break) with battery out.I decided to pick it up and try to put it together to see if it worked.It 12.(do)! Ichose a number from the contact list

45、and found a woman who 13. (luck) knew the 14(own)so I asked her to please let her know I had the phone.She couldn ' t reach her so I tried with the station guard; he was not allowed to keep these things.After 15 minutes , I worried about my train , while 15.(think) what to do , a man called the

46、phone.It was the owne'r s husband! I explained and he could;n t believe it.He asked 16. I could please wait for him so I did.He came to the station in 10 minutes and soon after his wife arrived.The look in their faces made 17. all worth it.I ' d lost my train but felt so happy to have helped

47、.It could have been " my" phone.They offered 18.(buy) me flowers or give me something,19. I of course refused.I thanked them for it and told them their being so 20.(please) and grateful was more than enough for me. 语篇解读这是一篇记叙文.作者捡到一部 ,经过一番周折,终于找到了 的主人,并将其归还.11 .答案 broken/to be broken 解析 考查

48、动词固定用法.句意为：它( )似乎坏了.seem意为“似乎,好似,是系动词,后面跟形容词或to do,故该空可以填 broken作表语,也可以填 to be brokeno12 .答案 did解析 考查动词的时态.根据文章第一句话可知,该句表达的是发生在过去的事情,故要用一般过去时态.13 .答案 luckily解析 考查副词.句意为：我找到了一位女士,幸运的是,她熟悉 的主人.该空修饰动词knew ,要用副词.14 .答案 owner解析 考查名词.句意参见上题解析.该空作 knew的宾语,且表示 “主人,故该空应填owner o15 .答案 thinking解析 考查状语从句的省略.句意为

49、：在我考虑该怎么做的时候,一个男人打来了 .while引导时间状语从句,应该说"while I was thinking what to do ",该从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句中有系动词 was,根据状语从句省略的原那么,状语从句的主语和系动词可以省略,故该空填thinking.16 .答案 whether/if解析 考查名词性从句.句意为：他问是否我愿意等他一会儿." I could please waitfor him是asked的宾语从句,且根据句意,此处表示"是否",故该从句应填 whether/if.17 .答案it解析 考查代词

50、.句意为：他们脸上的表情使得这一切都值得了.该空作 made的宾语,代指上文作者所做的一切,故该空应填it.18 .答案 to buy解析 考查固定句式.句意为：他们主动提出给我买花.offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事,是固定句式.19 .答案 which解析 考查定语从句.句意为：他们主动提出给我买花或者给我一些东西,当然我拒绝了." I of course refused是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面提到的“他们主动提出给我买花或者给我一些东西 这件事,引导词在从句中作refused的宾语,且这是非限制性定语从句,故该空应填关系代词which o20 .答案 pl

51、eased解析 考查形容词.句意为：我为此感谢他们并告诉他们,他们如此快乐和感谢对我来说已经足够了.该空和 grateful并列,作being的表语,故该空应填形容词pleased.n .短文改错2022河南新乡二模My friend and I always played outdoor when we were young.During spring rains , we climbed up to our comfort tree house and played cards.Then in the amused autumn , we rolled around in the oran

52、ge leaf.This all end one day , when my friend received video game player for his birthday.In the begin , he sometimes invited me over to play with him.But this began to happen less and less , because of his house was small, and his mother didn' t like visitors.Now we never see each another, as h

53、e is always played his video games.I miss my friend.答案My friend and I always playedoutdooroutdoorswhen we were young.Duringspring rains, wecomfortamusedclimbed up to our comf0rtable tree house and played cards.Then in the amusjng autumn, weleafendrolled around in the orange eaves-This all ended one

54、day, when my friend receivedAc video aand his mother didn ' t likehis video games.I miss mygame player for his birthday.In the b begii, he sometimes invited me over to play with him.But this began to happen less and less , because of his house was small ,visitors.Now we never see each anomer, as

55、 he is always pay" otherplayingfriend.During this summer holiday , my parent and I climbed Mount Huang.The weather was such fine that the three of us could enjoy the sunrise.At 4: 00 the next morning we were already on atop.While waited for the sunrise, we were all excited.First a bit of pale l

56、ight appeared the east.Suddenly, the sun came out, was looking like a large ball , but the sky became red.Late on ,the sunlight became so strong that we couldn' t look at it directly.In the afternoon, they said goodbye to Mount Huang , that made a good impression on me.答案parentDuring this summer

57、 holiday , my parents and I climbed Mount Huang.The weather wassuchsofine that the three of us could enjoy the sunrise.At 4 : 00 the next morning we were already onathetop.While 血!" for the sunrise , we were all excited.First w waitingAa bit of pale light appeared 所theeast.Suddenly, the sun came out, was looking like a large ballbutLate,京 the sky became red.届on,the sunlight became so strong that we couldn' t look at itthey directly.In the afternoon, wsaidthatgoodbye to Mount Huang , 机附 made a good impression on me.m .阅读理解20