名词性从句讲解

1、名词性从句讲解名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句 和同位语从句。一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个 名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接畐【J词： whe n, where, how, why1. 主语从句（两种结构，三类连接词）两种结构1. 主语从句位于句首：Wha

2、t he wants is a book.Who kept the door ope n all ni ght was unknown.2. 主语从句位于句尾，it作形式主语。(1) It + be + 名词 + that 从句It ' s a pity that we can ' t go.It ' s no surprise that our team should have wo the game.(2) It + be +形容词 + that从句.It seems obvious that we can not go on like this.(3) It +

3、be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句It is known to all that light travels in straight lin es.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.(4) It +不及物动词+ that从句注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用 虚拟语气“ (should) +do，”常用的句型有：It is n ecessary (importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc.) t

4、hatIt is a pity (a shame, no won der, etc.) thatIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 三类连接词：1. 连词 that whetherthat引导的主语从句：引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分，不可以省。 whether引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分，不可以省。That you will win the medal seems un likely.That she survived the accide nt is a miracle.W

5、hether she is coming or not does nmatter too much.2. 连接代词 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分What you n eed is more practice.What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.3. 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句（其连接副词有

6、含义，在句中作状Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasn' t been made pubic.Where the En glish eve ning will be held has not yet bee n announ ced.练习1. has helped to save the drow ning girl is worth prais ing.A. WhoB. The oneC. An yo neD. Whoever2. It washe saiddisappo in ted me.A.

7、what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3. we' ll go camp ing tomorrow depe nds on the weather.A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Where4. he said at the meeti ng surprised everybody prese nt.A. WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The matter5. he made an importa nt speech at the meeti ng was true.A. That

8、 B. Why C. What D. How6. It is n ecessary that a college stude ntat least a foreig n Ian guage.A. masters B. should master C. masteredD. will master7. What I say and thinknone of your bus in ess.A. isB. are C. has D have8. is a fact that En glish is being accepted as an intern atio nal la nguage.A.

9、There B. This C. ThatD. It2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从 句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任 何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去， 但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that 不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Sha nghai tomorrow.We must n ever thi nk (that) we are good in ever

10、ythi ng while others are good in no thi ng. 注意：在 dema nd、order、suggest、decide、in sist, desire, dema nd, request, comma nd 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”例如：I in sist that she (should) do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.2. 用 who ，whom, which, whos

11、e, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句， 应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. 。She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.3. 用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句 语序。此外， whether 与 if 在作 “是否

12、”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用 whether ， 不用 if ：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时； b. 引导表语从句时； c . 引导从句作介词宾语时； d. 从 句后有 “or not 时”； e. 后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而 使用 不同时态。I know (that) he studies Eng

13、lish every day. (从句用一般现在时)I know (that) he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时) 当主句动词是过去时态( could, would 除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般 过去时，过去进行时， 过去将来时等； 当从句表示的是客观真理， 科学原理， 自然现象， 则从句仍用现在时态。例如：

14、 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose 等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中 的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We don' t think you are here.I don ' t believe he will do so. 练习1. surprised me most was such a little boy of seven could play the violinso well.A. That

15、what B. What that C. That whichD. What which2. Excuse me would you please tell me _A. when the sports meet is taken place heldC. when is the sports meet to begin3. Do you happen to know A. what size shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes4. Where do you think A. has he gone B. has he been C.

16、he's gone5. Do you know A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isB. when is the sports meet going to beD. when the sports meet is to take placeB. how big shoes he wearsD. what number shoes are hisD. was he

17、D. what the populati on of the world is6. He did n't know which room.A. they livedB. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in7. The little boy atehis mother gave him.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD. no matter what8. He in sisted that hein good health andto work there.A. was, be sent B. is,

18、 is sentC. be, was sent D. be, send9. They discussedthey could settle the problem without others' help.A. ifB. thatC. whatD. whether10. He said that he was fond of.A. what beautiful isB. what is beautifulC. beautiful is whatD. what it is beautiful1-5BDACD 6-10 BCADB3. 表语从句1. that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作

19、用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。这种从句往往 对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。女口:The fact is that we have lost the game.What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unu sually quiet.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morni ng.

20、2. wh-疑问词引导的表语从句 连接代词 what，which，who，whom，whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在 从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。如：The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. （who 在从句中作主语）Tom is no Ion ger what he used to be. （what 在从句中作系动词 be 的表语） 连接副词when,where,how,why除在句中起连接作用外，在从句子中还充当时间， 地点，方式，原因状语，本身具有词义。如：That's where I c

21、an't agree with you. whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为是否，究竟，到底”注意：if不能引导表语从句）， 在句中也不作任何 成分。The questi on is whether that man will tur n up in time.3. 其他连词as if,because,as,as though引导的表语从句because 引导表语从句通常只用于 “This/That/It is/was because.结构中。as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look，seem, sou nd，be，become等后

22、面，常用 虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。如：The elepha nt feels as if/though he were a wall.It looks as if it is going to rain.4. 主语是表示建议、命令、要求等的名词，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即should 后接动词原形,（should可以省略）。如：His suggesti on is that we （should） climb all the way to the top of the hill. 练习5A. whyB. whenC. whatD. who2.It looks _ it were

23、going to rain.A. even ifB. as ifC. even thoughD.like3.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how4.That is Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. why5.What I'm considering now the money we need.A. isB. areC. wereD. was6. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work

24、.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. such1-6DBCDAC4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。 同位语从句通常由 that 引导，可用于同 位语从句的名词有 advice、demand、doubt 、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、 news、order 、 problem 、 promise、question 、request、 suggestion、truth 、wish 、word 等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea whe

25、n he will come back home.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省 略； that 引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般 不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句 :The news that we won the game is exciting. （that 引导同位语从句，不能省略）The news that he told me is exciting. （ t

26、hat 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略） 练习1. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion for a walk in the park.A. we goB. we will go C. should we goD. that we go2. The fact she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. whichB. what C. that D. how3. Now there is a danger the ground may fall in （ 沉下） under the heavy

27、traffic.A. whetherB. ifC. XD. that4. Last Sunday he made a promise he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. ifB. thatC. that ifD. whether1-4DCDC 名词性从句1. makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A. That B. What C. Who D. Which2. Experts believe people can waste less

28、 food by shopping only when it isnecessary.A. why B. where C. that D. what3. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell close you may be to victory.A. how B. that C. which D. where4. one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. WhicheverD. Wherever5. It ' good