初中英语被动语态讲义(精品)

1、被动语态讲义（一）（二）被动语态（一）一、基本知识。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态（the Active Voice）被动语态（the Passive Voice）A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。We pla nted the tree.B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。The tree was pla nted by us.汉语中常用 被” 给” 由” 受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（+by ）构成。（一）被动语态基本用法：当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。（二）被动语态的基本结构：被动语

2、态由助动词be+过去分词+bv构成，当不想强调动作执行者时，by可 省略，时态通过be表现出来。be +过去分词10动词过去分词的变化:1. 现则动词的过*分词:1）殷帖况在动诃原形荊加cd5vntch一wakhed2）以不发 neiM的加-齢pi acHee- practiced3）以辅咅加尾的，去y变ilflLed茸fudyMudiEdstop-stopped4）以匝读闭咅节结尾.末甩只冇 个轴體了俳，先或可该 辅音字母，J'JII-ed2. 不理则动词的宝丄去分询:isa it was weiT 丿卜 beenLave h;idgo gone w rite v it tic ii

3、注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态We speuk English.English is spoken by us.主动语态被动语态主语 谓语Thev cleaned the classroom yesterdav. 昨夫他们打扌彳r教室。I he classi'oom was cleaned by them yesterday,昨天教室被他们打扫了。不同时态的具体结构：1. 一般现在时：is /am / are +及物动词的过去分词Now En glishby more and more people all over the word.A. speaksB. is spoke nC

4、. was spoke n2. 一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词The lost boyat the street corner last ni ght.A. was foundB. is foundC. was looked for3. 现在完成时： has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词Three bridges since last year.A. have builtB. were builtC. have been built4. 一般将来时： will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词be going to + be +及物动词的过去分词Mor

5、e man-made satellites in the future.A. will send upB. will be sent upC. are sent up5. 含有情态动词：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词Flowers every day.A. has been wateredB. should be wateredC. should water6. 现在进行时： am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词The students are cleaning the classroom now.The classroom is being clean

6、ed now.现在学生们正在打扫教室。 (are cleaning 变为 is being cleaned)7. 过去进行时： was / were + being + doneThe workers were mending the road at that time yesterday.The road was being mended at that time yesterday. 昨天那个时候这些工人正在修路。歌诀：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面（三）主动语态变被动语态：（1）把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的丄语；（2）把谓语动词变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根 据被动语态句子

7、里的丄语的人称和数，以及原来 主动语态句子中动诃的时态来决定的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将上格改为宾格如；Tlicv make the bikes in the facton The bikes are mffrfe(b)7heinin the factory.1 找宾语：即动作的承受者（改为主语）2. 修改谓语的语态:即be+原亿过去分词3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.4. 判断动词的时态:即be动词的时态.£修改惊旬的主诺：即by +主语（变宾格）.He washed his car yesterday.His car was wa

8、shed (by him) yesterday*（四）被动语态的使用1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“ Mr. White, the cup was broken after class.”2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。The cup was broke n by Paul.3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用 in +名词作状语，而代替by短语。These cars were made in China.课堂练习：一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的

9、执行者1. We often use a recorder in our English class.2. They will show a new film next week.3. When did they build the house?4.I saw the boy enter the room.5. Will they show a new film next week?6. We often see him help his classmate.7. You must turn off the light before you go to bed.8. Who is repair

10、ing the bike?9. The student should learn all the texts by heart.二 、用适当时态和语态的动词填空。1. Can he (speak) English?2. What language (speak) in that country?3. The film (show) many times since last Sunday.4. These TV sets (make) in SiChuan.5. It has got so dark. Would you please (turn) on the light?6. A new

11、hospital (build) in this area now.7. the book (return).8. Rice (grow) in the south.9. The window (not break) by the boy.10. I (tell) he (not come) just now.三 、用适当时态和语态的动词填空。1. English (speak) in many countries.2. Information in short-term memory (can, not, keep) very long.3. After that, one of the l

12、ights (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.4. Just a few years ago, tomatoes (believe) to have magical powers, makingpeople who ate them fall in love.5. It is said new copies of the book (print) now.6. The old house (pull) down next month.7. In the old days, the children (take care of

13、) by the mother because she did notwork outside the house.8. Needless to say, the second list of words (can, remember) more easily thanthe first one.9. She (send) to another village when I got there.10. The teacher said that we (give) another chance sometime next month if wefailed in the exam.被动语态（二

14、）、 被动语态的特殊情况 :1. 在主动语态中 ,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词 , 其后跟省略 to的动词不定式 （ 动词原形 ）,在变为被动语态时 ,必须还原动词不定式符号 to. 如:1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day.3) I see him walk t

15、o school.He is see n to walk to school.2. 不用被动语态的动词:1. 彳、及_物动词vk)如:bjippm, hikg phiw, appear; dEappcai; 一*A trafHc accident(happen) just now.2. 逢系动词(Link-v.)如：be, look, seem, Teel, sound, smelt, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera(sound) beautiful.3.当此动词表示事敘I的自然肩性的时候:The pen(write) veryrFhis kind n

16、f sweater(sell) well.(衷示主语的自然屈性特征)+副词(well/ badh7easily/sm(M)thly)j 常 见动词 tread, write,盂ell, wash, clean, wear, Jock, open, cook shut, diy, tai, drinks 一.Th芒 bookswell.A. were s(»ld t< sellC. have soldD. are being soldThis kind of clotheasik.A. has washed B. was ashedC washesD. is rushed小练习：

17、 Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any(纠正句中的错误)1) Two boys hurt while playi ng a ball2) The sin ger lived in London un til he was sending to uni versity3) How long do you thi nk the meet ing will be lasted?4) Class is beg un at 7:30 every day.5) His plan is sounded good、 时态语态练习）单项选择1. Many

18、accidents by careless drivers last year.A. are causedB. were causedC. have causedD. will cause2. An official by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interviewingB. is interviewedC. was interviewing D. was interviewed3. Today a lot of information can online.A. receiveB. be rece

19、ived C. is received D. receiving4. I ' m glad to find that many trees in our city last year.A. plantB. planted C. were planted D. are planted5. Driving after drinking wine in China.A. allowsB. doesn't allowC. is allowed D. isn't allowed6. Don't worry. Your packagehere until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.A. will keepB. has keptC. will be keptD. has been kept7. It 's true that Shakespeare's play by so many people every year.A. seeB. will seeC. are seeingD. are seen）将下列句子