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1、高中英语分类总复习一语法填空(名师版)语法填空高考语法填空题解题技巧【解题技巧】根据语法填空题命题的形式和特点,答题时我们可以从词义、伺类、词性等方面入手。一、关于纯空格形式1、根据语境判断词义通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义,此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意 的是,有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义,但有时要通过几个句子、一个 段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。(1)定义法:定义法是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义,这类词主 要是名词,如:We are all in the position of the. I

2、f we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we' 11 get a useless crop. If we don' t plant anything, we' 11 harvest nothing at all.答案:farmer.解释:通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫、农民”, 特别是几个关键词“plant, seed, harvest ”与farmer的工作特点是完全一致的。(2)对比法:对比法指通过句子的对比关

3、系来判断所缺单诃的词义,通常可以通过 一些连词或副词来判断,如but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand 等。如:There are more teachers in my schools than men teachers.答案:women。解释:通过对比后面的men teachers可以确定空格词义是“女性的”, 即名词women作定语修饰teachers(3)因果法:指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。如: The museum was so that it will be impossibl

4、e to see all the exhibits in one day.答案:large。解释:根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的 展品”可以判断主句指的原因是“博物馆太大了”。(4)语境线索:即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词义。如:One day mother looked at Nick, s shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes. How they are! You must clean them”.答案:dirtyo解释:根据语境“看看你的鞋子、你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空 格处词义是“脏的”,句意是“你的鞋子是多么脏!

5、”。2、根据句子成分确定词性对纯空格形式的填空,在确定词义后,还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是 通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析:(1)主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当,有时也有动名词、不定式短语。如:From Monday until Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy .答案:themselves。解释:此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,句子的主语 是they,谓语是

6、are free, to relax and enjoy 是目的状语,在这个状语中缺宾 语,再根据语境“周末时自由放松”,所以要使用反身代词themselves。(2)谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后,要判断其时态和语态。由于题目要求 每空只填一词,所以时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。如:She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always by his side whether he is poor or rich.语法填空答案:stands。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词,根据语

7、境,此空含义是“站在(他身 边)”,即stand .同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时,由于主语是she, 所以使用第三人称单数stands。但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词,如:At midnight, I woke up to find the wife soundly in her man* s embrace. I could see the smile of security on her face.答案:sleeping。解释:此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境“半夜我醒 来时发现那人的妻子正在她的男人的怀抱中熟睡”,所以使用动词sleep的现在分词形式 充当补语。(3

8、)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当,有时也有动名词、现在分词和过去分词 等。如:Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Galato millions of viewers.答案:live。解释:此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcastlive 意为“现场直播”。(4)状语主要由副词充当。如:He dug for 12 hours24 hours. , in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his

9、son' s voice.答案:Eventually /Finally。解释:此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从 语境可以理解到此空含义是“终于,最后”,由于是修饰后面的整个句子,所以使用副司 形式。3、根据句子类型确定词类若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号,可以判断,一定是填连词。连词有两类,一种是并 列连词,一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种 句型:(1)并列句:并列句一般由简单句+并列连词+简单句构成,有时并列连词前有逗号, 可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、 因果关系(so)等。如:

10、*There are many mainland students at my university and all the other universities in Hong Kong. These students could not speak Cantonese at first, I had to speak putonghua to make friends with them" said Chueng.答案:s。解释:根据上下句的语义可以判断是因果关系,所以使用s。句意为“这 些学生不会讲广州话,所以,为了跟他们交朋友,我不得不讲普通话”。(2)状语从句:当确定为状语

11、从句后,就要通过语境理解,判断上下文的逻辑关系是 时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,最后确定从属连词。如:the sun came out, he looked down and laughed. There was no abyss. Just six inches down there was a rock.答案:As/Wheno解释:根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺从属连词,从第一句 的含义来看,是表示时间的状语从句,所以使用as/when。(3)名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语, 如果缺以上成分,一般情况下要使用what,有时可能使用who

12、/whom或which;如果不缺 以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用that,意思不完整的则考虑 where, why, how, because 等。如:I was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but they did touched me deeply.答案:what。解释:此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语,所以使用 what。(4)定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点,还 是其他

13、,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分,再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导 词。如:语法填空However, Cheung, graduated from Hong Kong Baptist University this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more than ever.答案:who。解释:此处考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是人 Cheung(张),引导词在从句中作主语,所以使用who。4、根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属r-比较简单的考点,只要平时注意积累基本上就

14、能答 对。如:Volunteer work plays an important in America, s high school education.答案:parto解释:此处考查短语play a part in的搭配用法。但要有时命题者会在设计时增加一些难度,在短语之间插入其他一些成分,或将固定 连用的短语分隔开来,这一点也需注意。Some parents tried to pull him off the school' s ruins, saying, "It' s too late! They are all dead! There is nothing

15、you can do!” each parent he responded with the same line: ”Are you going to help me now?” And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.答案:Too解释:此处考查短语respond to的固定搭配。由丁宾语each parent放 在了句首,短语被拆开,所以难度加大了许多。二、提供单词原形的空格1、括号内提供的是动词当括号内提供的是动词时,主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语。(1)当考查的是谓语时,首先要判断其时态和语态。如:Since Hong

16、 Kong (rejoin) China in 1997, more student from the Chinese mainland have chosen to study there.答案:rejoined。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态have chosen 及从句的时间状语in 1997,此空动词应该是一般过去时态。(2)如果考查非谓语,要判断非谓语在句中的成分,根据不同成分使用适当的形式, 其中使用ing形式和ed形式居多,有时也考查to do, to be done, having done等形式 或名词,如: Ten years ago, Jessica Ch

17、eung was only 13. (live) with her parents in Hong Kong, she knew little putonghua.答案:Living。解释:此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live(生活)作原因状语, 与逻辑主语she是主动关系,所以使用现在分词living。2、括号内提供的是形容词或副词如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是判断考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内 提供的是副词,一般是判断考察形容词,即要变成形容词形式。如:uThirty-five cents, “ she said(rude).答案:rudely。解释:此处考查副词作状语的用法

18、。括号内提供的是形容词,要用来 修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如:At last, her courage and (wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.答案:wisdom。解释:括号内提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的 名词courage是并列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式wisdom。3、括号内提供的是名词当括号内提供的是名词时,一般判断考查形容词,如:There, my voice sounds really(wonder) because there

19、9; s a slight echo to it.语法填空答案:wonderfulo解释:括号内提供的是名词,但此空作系动词sounds的表语,所 以要使用形容词形式。但有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如:A certain man planted a rose and watered it( faith) and before it blossomed, he examined it.答案:faithfullyo解释:括号内提供的是名词,但此空是作状语,修饰动词water, 所以要变成副词。注意:先将名词faith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词 faithfully【实例分析】实例1

20、: 2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a

21、little house. While she was (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his garage.I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess's courtyard and that night one of When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward .短文解读:本

22、文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者在外旅行的一次经历。大意是:在一个穷 乡僻壤的小山村附近,作者的车坏了。幸运的是,他受到了村民的热情款待,并在一老太 太家里度过了 一个愉快的晚上。【答案与解析】1、答案:broke。解析:此处考查一般过去式及动词不规则变化的用法。句子属于典 型句型be doingwhen结构,在when引导的句子中谓语要使用一般过去时,空格处单 词是谓语功能,所以使用break的过去式broken02、答案:who。解析:此处考查宾语从句的引导词who的用法。空格前是介词短语 as to (至于、关于),空格后是谓语及宾语,根据句子结构,空格处明显是主语,而且 指人,所以使用who

23、,其引导的从句作介词短语as t。的宾语。3、答案:as。解析:此处考查短语的固定搭配用法。Receive sb as意为"把某人 当作来接待”,句意为“当我在怨天尤人、想着该到哪过夜时,我意识到聚集在我周围的村民正在争论谁有幸在家里接待我这个贵宾”。4、答案:settled。解析:此处考查过去分词作宾补的用法。根据句子结构,句子的 主语是she ,谓语是was getting,宾语是me,空格处单词是补语作用,逻辑主语me与 settle是被动关系,即“被安置下来”,所以要使用过去分词。5、答案:a,解析:此处考查不定冠词的用法。从语境看,此处表示泛指,意为“一 个小镇”。6、答案

24、:where。解析:此处考查定语从句的引导词where的用法。从句子结构看, 先行词是a small town (some 20 kilometers away作定语),空格处为定语从句的引导 词,在从句中作地点状语,所以使用关系副词where。意为“那里(小镇上)有个修车 厂” o7、答案:other。解析:此处考查不定代词的用法。根据语境,是“其他”村民给我 送来语法填空goat's cheese and honey, 所以使用 other。8、答案:merrilyo解析:此处考查副词作状语的用法及副词的构词规则。根据句子 结构,空格处单词修饰谓语动词talked,括号内提供的词是

25、形容词,因此要变成副词形式。 意为“高兴地谈到深夜”。9、答案:for。解析:此处考查介词for表示原因的用法。reward sb. for sth意为 “因而酬谢/报答某人”。10、答案:hero解析:此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,空格处单词在 定语从句中是作caused的宾语,词义是“她”,即老太太,所以使用宾格。句意为“我 想报答老太太,因为我给她带来了那么多麻烦”。各类引导词的区别 1、what号that的区别what在从句中做主语、表语或宾语,that在从句中不做成份,只起连接作用(一般 在从句中不缺少主语、表语或宾语时用),如:What we need is time.我

26、们所需要的是时间。(主语从句,what做宾语,不可以省略)What is needed is time.所需要的是时间。(主语从句,what做主语,不可以省略)That he failed in the test again really puzzled us.他乂一次没通过考试让我们迷惑不解。(主语从句,that不做成份,不可以省略) I don' t know that he was seriously ill.我不知道他病得很严重。(宾语从句,that不做成份,可以省略)注意对比以下句子:他说的是错的。他这么说是错的。两个句子都是主语从句,第一个句子中what作said的宾语:第

27、二个句子中so作 said的宾语,that不做成份,不可以省略)。另外,有时句子不缺成份时要用连接副词,使句子意思更加完整,如:The problem is how/where/when /whether we can get more money. 2、whether与if的区别(1)、在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if ;当主语从句放于句 首时,也只能用whether不能用if,当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时用whether 和if均可;discuss后接whether或if引导的宾语从句时,必须用whether。如:Whether you can come wi

28、ll make a difference.你能否来会不一样。The question is whether he will be at present at the meeting.问题是他能否出席会议。I have no idea whether he will come to our help.我不知道他是否会帮助我们。(2)、介词的宾语从句用whether不用if ,动词的宾语从句两者均可使用,如:语法填空这取决于你是否有时间。I wonder if/ whether you would like to join us in the outing this weekend.我想知道这个周

29、末你能否加入我们的郊游。(3)、Whether. . or not 与 whether to do 结构中均不用 if,如:那个歌手是否能来不知道。3、关于连接词的省略问题在名词性从句中,连接代词和连接副词一般都不省略°只有在宾语从句中,当引导 词是that且充当动词的宾语时可以省略,如:She told us (that) she would go abroad for further study next year.她告诉我们她明年要到国外留学。但是当有两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时,第二个that不省略,如:He said (that)he felt tired and t

30、hat he would rather retire .他说他觉得很累,还说他宁愿退休。4、who与whoever等的区别(1)、who, which在名词性从句中含“疑问”表示不知是谁,不知哪一个,如: 邀请谁参加仪式还没定下来。我不知道走哪条路。(2)、whoever (谓语用单数)=anyone who (谓语用单数)=those who (谓语用复 数)把字典给最需要的人。(whoever做主语,此处不能用whomever)5、从句要使用陈述句语序,如:你能否告诉我最近的地铁站在哪里?谁能告诉我怎样才能到达邮局?你知道他什么时候回来吗?6、当主句和从句的主语相同时,可以使用“连接词+t

31、。do ”结构,如:常用动词用法辨析 1. afford, cost, pay, spend, take.afford表示"付得起",可以指费用、时间等,常用于afford sth和afford to do sth结构中:其他四个词都有“花费”之意,其中cost指“费用、代价”,常用cost sbsth结构;pay常指"付多少钱",常用pay (sb )for sth结构;spend指“花时间或 钱”,常用 sb + spend + 时间/钱+on sth/ in doing sth 结构;take 常用 It takes/took sb + 时间+to

32、 do sth 结构。如: His careless driving cost him his life. (cost的主语一般是物,且没有被动结构)。Who will pay for the meal?Every day he spent twenty minutes ( in) talking to the boy.It took us a lot of time to finish the work.语法填空另外,pay还用于短语pay off one' s debts (还清债务)<2. beat, hit, strike三个词都有“打、敲”之意,hit强调“打着、击中”

33、,常用于“打某人身体的某部 分”;beat强调有规律的敲打,如心跳、雨水敲打窗户、鸟拍打翅膀等;strike强调 “用力击打”,还有“袭击”、“钟敲了几点”、“擦火柴” (strike a match)之意。 如:A ball hit my back when I was walking on the sportsground.My hearts beat wildly.我的心跳的厉害。He struck the nail with a hammer.他用锤子敲打钉子。注意:“想到某个主意"可以用"hit upon an idea"或"an idea s

34、trike sb”(= occur to sb/ come to sb):beat有"赢、打败”的意思,与defeat相似,后接sb(win后面接比赛、第几名等),如:We beat Class Five again .(我们乂赢了五班)。strike还有"袭击"、“钟敲了几点”、“擦火柴” (strike a match)之意。 3 take part in, join in, join, attend都有“参加”之意。take part in与join in指参与某项活动,join指“加入”某 个团体、组织,attend强调“出席”,常用于以下名词前:atte

35、nd the meeting/concert ,attend classes/ school/a lecture 等。 如:It is useful to take an active part in after-school activities.Please join us and play together.Last Saturday all of us attended his wedding. 4. talk, speak, say, tell都有“说”的意思。talk与speak表示“交谈、说话”时常为不及物动词,要与介 词连用,如:talk/speak with/to sb of

36、/about sth:表示“讲什么语言”要用 speak ; say强调说话的内容:tell着重“讲述、告诉”,常用短语有tell sb sth, tell a lie (说谎),tell the difference between A and B (说出/分清 A 和 B 的区别),tell A from B (区别 A 和 B) °2、It充当形式主语或形式宾语 (1)充当形式主语,替代不定式、动名词、从句等,如:It is important for us to set goals.It is a great pity that he can* t attend the co

37、ncert with us.注意:当句子的表语是a waste of time, no use, no good等时,真正的主语常使用动 名词,其句式为“It is a waste time/ no use/ no good +doing sth",如:There goes the saying, " It' s no use crying over spilt milk”.俗话说,“覆水难收”。It is a waste of time waiting here for him.常使用形式主语It代替主语从句的句式有:It is estimated that 据估

38、计 It is said that 据说It is well-known that众所周知 It is reported that据报道It seems/ed that 好像It so happened that 碰巧(2)充当形式宾语,替代不定式、动名词、从句等,如:Someone feel it comfortable to wear school uniforms.语法填空He considered it no good giving money to the beggars.Many of us take it for granted that our parents give us

39、everything we need. 3、“介词+关系代词”的用法在定语从句中,当关系代词作动词短语或介词的宾语时,为了使关系代词与先行词的 关系更加紧凑,可以将定语从句中的介词或动词短语中的介词提前放在关系代词前面,如: Do you know the man with whom Mr Black talked just now?He is the man of whom we are proud.在使用“介词+关系代词”结构时要注意以下几个问题:(1)介词的确定介词的确定应依据定语从句中动词短语的习惯性搭配或介词与先行词的搭配,如: Who is the girl with whom y

40、ou just shook hands?(shake hands with是习惯性搭配)He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.他做 Y 架望远镜, 通过这部望远镜他可以观察天体(through which即through the telescope) o注意:有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。如:This is the watch which you' re looking for。He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.他是个你可以完

41、全依赖的 人。(2)介词放在关系代词之前时,只用which, whom不用that, who0当关系代词指代 人时,用whom,关系代词指代物时,用which,如:Is this the pen with which you wrote the letter?He wrote about 20 novels, of which this is the most successful.This is the man from whom I learnt the news.(3)、当表示时间、地点或原因的先行词放在从句中做状语时,也可以使用“介词+ 关系代词”的结构,一般情况下 where=in

42、which, why=for which, when = on/in which, 如: We can' t find the house where/in which we used to live.Do you still remember the day when/on which we went to the beach?注意:介词的选择由先行词与介词的搭配来确定,当先行词表示时间时,介词还可以 使用in (在那年、月等),during (在、期间),by (到、为止) 等,地点是station, bus stop等时也可以使用at。(4)、当先行词是物时,作定语的引导词who

43、se +n = the +n. + of which或of which + the+ n.,如:He lives in the room of which the window faces south.(5) from where 的用法from where实际上属于“介词+副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句,表示“从那 里“,如:He stood behind the curtain, from where he could see what was happening outside.他站在窗帘后面,从那里他可以看到外面正在发生的事。4、现在分词与过去分词做表语的区别多数情况下,如果主语是人

44、,表语使用过去分词,即“人+ belook等+动词ed形 式”;如果主语是事或物,表语使用现在分词,即“物+ belook等+动词ing形式”。 如:事实上,当表示主语处于某种状态中,即“感到/觉得”,表语要使用过去分语法填空词时,所以有时主语是物时也要使用过去分词;而要表示主语“具有令人/使别人感 到的特征/性质”,表语使用现在分伺,包括有时主语是物时也要使用现在分词。如: 他很吓人。(指他的长相或举动令人害怕)。He is terrified.他很害怕。请描述一只惊恐的狗(狗受到了惊吓)。请描述一只令人害怕的狗。类似常用的过去分词有:interested, excited, surpris

45、ed, puzzled, amused, confused, embarrassed, satisfied;类似常用的现在分词有:interesting, exciting, surprising, puzzling, amusing, confusing, embarrassing, satisfying。5、不能用被动语态的情况:1、所有的不及物动词和某些短语不能用被动语态,常见的有如下几个:表示 "发生''的词/短语 happen , take place, break out , occur, catch fire, 还 有 appear (出现),disap

46、pear (消失),belong to (属于)等。2、常见的表示状态特征的系动词:look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove> appear> remain 等,如:The idea sounds interesting.Good medicine tastes bitter.3、某些可以与easily , well等副词连用的动词不用被动语态,如:The cloth washed easily.这种布很好洗。This kind of goods sells well.这种商品很畅销。This car drives easily.这部车很容易开。

47、常见的石 read, sell, write, wash, clean, weigh, measure, wear 等。6、特殊比较结构(1)作否定比较时可用“less+形容词原形+ than",如:This computer is less expensive than mine.这部电脑没有我的贵。John is less clever than Tony.约翰没有托尼聪明。 (2)表示“越来越”使用“比较级+ and+比较级” (more and more)结构, 如: It' s getting hotter and hotter.Our school is beco

48、ming more and more beautiful. (3)表示“越越、”使用themore the more 结构,如:The busier he is, the happier he feels.The harder you work, the more you will get.(4) “no+比较级+than”的特殊含义:语法填空You are no taller than I.你和我一样矮。He is no richer than us.他跟我们一样穷。(5) no more than表示“不多丁、仅仅“,no less than表示“不亚于,和 一 样”,如:She is no more than 16 years old.她只有16岁。He looked like a manager, but in fact he is no more than a bellboy.他看起来象个经理,但事实上他只是个门童。She is no less active than she was.她跟以前一样不活跃。(6) more than表示“与其说 倒不如说”,如:He* s more brave than wise.与其说他机智,不如说他勇敢。 7、表示最高级的特殊结构(l)no, nothing, can' t, never 等否定词 + 比较级,如:N

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