高中英语必修一第一单元

1、伯乐教育大学路校区 牵手伯乐马到成功 听课人： 上课时间： 年 月 日 第 课时 Unit 1 friendshipWords list1.survey 调查;测验2.add up 合计3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的;不安的，不适的4.ignore不理睬;忽视5.calm vt.&vi.(使)平静;(使)镇定 adj.平静的;镇定的;沉着的calm()down (使)平静下来6.have got to 不得不;必须7.concern v (使)担心;涉及;关系到 n. 担心;关注;(利害)关系be concerned about 关心;挂念8.walk the dog 溜狗9.l

2、oose adj 松的;松开的10.vet 兽医11.go through 经历;经受12.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都)13.Netherlands 荷兰(西欧国家)14.Jewish 犹太人的;犹太族的15.German 德国的;德国人的;德语的。16.Nazi 纳粹党人 adj. 纳粹党的17.set down 记下;放下;登记18.series 连续，系列a series of 一连串的;一系列;一套19.outdoors在户外;在野外20.spellbind 迷住;疑惑21.on purpose 故意22.in order to 为了23.dusk 黄昏傍晚at dusk

3、 在黄昏时刻24.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣 n. 雷，雷声25. entire adj. 整个的;完全的;全部的entirely adv. 完全地;全然地;整个地26.power能力;力量;权力。27.face to face 面对面地28.curtain 窗帘;门帘;幕布29.dusty adj 积满灰尘的30. no longer /not any longer 不再31.partner 伙伴.合作者.合伙人32.settle 安家;定居;停留vt 使定居;安排;解决33.suffer vt &遭受;忍受经历34.suffer from 遭受;患病35.loneliness

4、孤单寂寞36.highway公路37.recover痊愈;恢复38.get/be tired of 对厌烦39.pack捆扎;包装打行李 n 小包;包裹pack ( sth ) up 将(东西)装箱打包40.suitcase手提箱;衣箱41.overcoat大衣外套42.teenager 十几岁的青少年43.get along with 与相处。进展44.gossip 闲话;闲谈45.fall in love 相爱;爱上46.exactly 确实如此;正是;确切地47.disagree 不同意 dislike 不喜欢;厌恶48.grateful 感激的;表示谢意的49.join in 参加;加

5、入50.tip 提示;技巧;尖;尖端;小费 vt.倾斜;翻倒51.secondly 第二;其次52.swap 交换53.item 项目;条款Key words1. upset（1）adj心烦意乱的,（肠胃）有些不适的Im suffering from an upset stomach.He was upset over her illness.（2）adj不安的He is upset because he failed in the exam. (3) v 使不安；打翻 It upset him that nobody had told him about it. Dont upset the

6、 boat.练习：1. Because he didnt finish the work on time and was fired by the company, he was very A about it. A. upset B. worried C. anxious D. nervous2.Whats the matter, Mary? You look D .I lost my wallet.A. disappointed B. moved C. excited D. upset2.have got to=have to不得不，必须 I have got to get up earl

7、y this morning.练习：I usually C get up before 5:00 am，to prepare breakfast for my family.A need B have to C have got to D havent to3. go through （1）经历The country has gone through too many wars. （2）被通过The new law did not go through. （3）讨论Let's go through the argument again. （4）举行They went through t

8、he marriage service. 练习1 The police the building hoping to catch the chief. A looked for B searched for C found out D went through4. concern: concern sth./sb. 与有关系 be concerned about sb./sth. 使担忧；使烦恼= be worried about sb./sth. be concerned with与有关 as far as be concerned 就而言练习These problems all.（conc

9、ern）The experts the growth in the worlds population.（are concerned about）100 people the problem. (are concerned with)5. stay 可以作系动词来用，相当于be,后接形容词或名词The weather stayed hot all week. They stayed friends for years. 6. on purpose 有意地，故意地She broke the cup on purpose.练习题 I didnt do it . A to purpose B on

10、purpose C in purpose D by purpose7. in order to do = so as to do (so as to不能放在句首)in order that / so that We left early in order to/ so as to catch the first bus. = We left early in order that / so that we could catch the first bus.练习：_ pass the exam, he worked hard. (in order to)8. happen to do sth.

11、 碰巧做某事 Karl happened to notice her while she was struggling in the water =It happened that Karl noticed her she was struggling in the water.练习当我进来的时候他碰巧在睡觉 （He happened to be asleep when I came in）9.its no use/good/need doing sth 做某事没有好处、必要、用处。 Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 练习1. Eugene'

12、;s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no use _ with him. A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued10. series n. （单复同）连续，一系列a series of 一系列的. 一连串的 一套（丛书、邮票等）a series of natural and manmade disasters 一连串天灾人祸a series of stamps 一套邮票TV series 电视系列片练习Two A of textbooks will have

13、been tried in these two provinces in the next three years.A series B serie C copy D set Phrase 1.列出 make a list of 2.内心的情感和想法deepest feelings and thoughts 3.被抓 be caught by4.躲藏，隐藏 hide away 5.记流水帐set down a series of facts6. 藏身之处the hiding place 7.对痴迷grow/be crazy about 8.故意on purpose 9.为了 in order

14、to 10.太多的光 far too much light11.改时间，改天 another time12. 碰巧做谋事 happen to do13.在黄昏 at dusk14.把震住 hold sb. in ones power重点句子分析1. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我很久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。A.

15、I wonder if 我想知道是否 B. It is/ was +强调部分+that/ who+原句中的其它部分 ( 强调句型 )1. 陈述句的强调句型 It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。 例子 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. It was about 20 years ago that Joe got married.2. 一般疑问句的强调句型 同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。 例子 Was it yesterday that he met Li Pi

16、ng? 3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型 被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？ 例子 When and where was it that you were born? 4.not until 句型的强调句 A. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went t

17、o bed. B. 注意： 此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not . 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。 5.谓语动词的强调 A. It is/ was . that . 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ B. 注意： 此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后

18、面的谓语动词用原形。练习：1. -Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?-No, _ only the two passengers who got hurt. A. it was B. there is C. it were D. there was2. -Who is making so much noise in the garden? - _ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are3. She was about to go out _

19、 the telephone rang.A. that B. where C. then D. when4. It was what he said _ disappointed me.A. that B. what C. when D. when5._ that gold is not widely used as a conductor导体?A. Why is B. Is it why C. Why is it D. Why is that6. -I cant find Mr. Smith .Where did you meet him this morning?- It was in t

20、he hotel _ he stayed. A. that B which C. the one D. where7. It was in the small house that was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood. A. that B, where C, which D. whoC. everything/something/ anything /nothing to do with 与有(无)关的事物e.g. His job is something to do with painting.What y

21、ou are doing is nothing to do with study.2. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. A. There was a time when定语从句 “有一段时间”3. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face

22、to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。 It is the first time/secondtime that+主语+have/has done It was the first time/secondtime that+主语+had done 某人第几次做某事练习：This is the first time _. A. I see her B. I've seen her C. I'm seeing her4. I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very

23、 dusty windows. = which are hanging = which hange.g. A picture hangs/ is hanging on the wall. On the wall hangs / is hanging a picture. The picture was hung by Tom.5. It is no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲

24、身体验的。It is no use/good +doing sth. 事事抱怨是没有好处的It is no good complaining about everything.事事抱怨是没有好处的Grammar Direct speech and indirect speech（直接引语和间接引语）一 基本概念 （1）直接引语：一字不改地引述别人的话 （2）间接引语：用说话人自己的话转述别人的话二变换类型1直接引语为陈述句 直接引语为陈述句，用that引导（口语中可以省略）。引述动词有：say, tell等。 陈述句变间接引语要注意：1、人称的变化2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3

25、、时态的变化4、人称的变化 。一般的规则：一随主，二随宾，三不变例如：The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class. ”1> 第三者说：The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.2> 别人对约翰说：The teacher said that you must bring your book to the class.3> 约翰自己说：The teacher said that I must bring my boo

26、k to the class.I指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化1指示代词的变化 this- that these-those2时间状语的变化 now- then ago- before today-that day yesterday-the day before; the previous day tomorrow-the next day; the following day the day before yesterday-two days before the day after tomorrow-two days later next week/month, etc.- t

27、he next week/month, etc. last week/month, etc.- the week/month before3地点状语的变化 here-there4动词的变化 come-go注：在当地转述时，here不变为there，come不变为go. 在当天转述时，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不变。II 时态的变化（1）1主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变。e.g. A. He says, “Im tired.” He says he is tired. B. He has said to me, “Im tired.” He has said

28、to me he is tired. C. He will say, “The boy was lazy.” He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 2、主句为过去时态时，直接引语一般作相应的变化，这就叫所谓的“时态的呼应”。 1）、一般现在时变为一般过去时。 e.g. He said, “Im sorry.” He said he was sorry. 2）现在进行时变为过去进行时。 e.g. She said, “Hes waiting.” She said he was waiting.3）现在完成时变为过去完成时。 e.g. He said, “

29、You havent changed much.” He said that I hadnt changed much.4）一般过去时变为过去完成时。 e.g. He said, “The man came at six.” He said that the man had come at six.5）一般将来时变为过去将来时。 e.g. She said, “I will do it after class.” She said that she would do it after class.6）过去完成时不变。 e.g. He said, “I had finished my homew

30、ork.” He said that he had finished his homework.注：直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变。 e.g. The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.III 时态的变化（2）1）含情态动词的一般现在时变为情态动词的一般过去时。 e.g. She said, “He can swim very well.” She said that he could swim ve

31、ry well. 注：1）如果直接引语的情态动词是一般过去时，间接引语还是用情态动词的过去一般时。 e.g. She said, “He could swim very well.” She said that he could swim very well. 2）有些情态动词如must, ought to, need, had better等只有一种形式，那么在间接引语中形式不变。 e.g. He said, “I must study hard.” He said that he must study hard.2、直接引语为祈使句 直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带

32、to的不定式。引述动词有：tell, ask, order等。它的否定是在to前加not。它没有时态的变化。其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同。e.g. I said to her, “Please give me a glass of water.” I asked her to give me a glass of water.She said to him, “Come at five oclock.”She told him to come at five oclock.He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.”He told the boy

33、s not to make so much noise.练习The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 题析：这一题的答案选C。这句话是间接引语的另一种形式，即祈使句的间接引语。祈使句改为间接引语时，把祈使句中的动词原形改为动词不定式，如果是否定祈使句，就在动词不定式前加not,因此选择C。3、直接引语为疑问句（1）直接引语为疑问句，变为间接引语时语序与一般从句相同，用陈述句的语序，be, have等助动词皆放在主语之

34、后。引述动词常用say, ask, wonder, inquire等。直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语应作各种变化的要求也同样使用。1）直接引语为一般疑问句时，由whether或if引导。 e.g. He said to us, “Are you going away today?” He asked to us whether we were going away that day. She said, “Is he your brother?” She asked if he was my brother.练习；11985 Can you tell me_? A. who is that ge

35、ntleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman D. whom is that gentleman2. 1986 Can you tell me _the railway station? A. how I can get to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where can I get to 3. 1998 I asked my lawyer _say in court. A. what I should B. what should I C. how I should

36、 D. how should I 题析：这三题的答案分别是：C、A、A。这三题的选项部分（即间接引语部分）都是含有疑问的意思，本来应是特殊疑问句形式，但当疑问句改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。2）直接引语为特殊疑问句时，其关联词用相应的疑问代词或疑问副词。 e.g. She asked, “Who will help me finish the job?” She asked who would help her finish the job. He asked, “What have you done?” He asked what I had done.3）直接引语为选择

37、疑问句，变为间接引语时应用whetheror。 e.g. “Do you like tea or coffee?” she asked me. She asked me whether I like tea or coffee. 4、直接引语为感叹句直接引语为感叹句，变为间接引语时，引述动词有tell, exclaim等。其他的变化和直接引语为陈述句时的变化相同。 e.g. “What a brave boy you are!” she told him. She told him what a brave boy he was. 有时间接引语可用that引导。 e.g. He said, “

38、How foolish I have been!” He said how foolish he had been. He said that he had been very foolish.点击高考（一） 高考试题题选与分析归纳：（1）用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般都构成宾语从句。（2）特殊疑问句变间接引语，首先把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，去掉问号，然后用原句的wh疑问词引导。（3）陈述句由直接引语转换为间接引语，首先将陈述句转换为由不得that引导的宾语从句。引语动词常用say, tell等。 Eg. 直接引语：“I enjoy playing chess” 间接引语

39、：She said that she enjoyed playing chess.（4）一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，首先将疑问句词序变为陈述句词序，去掉问号，然后在句子前面加whether或if。引语动词可用ask , wonder, want to know, dont know ,be not sure , be puzzled 等，但不能用say, tell。 Eg.直接引语：“Are you feeling tired?” 间接引语：The teacher asked me whether I was feeling tired .练习：1. They want to know

40、 _do to help us.A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 2. No one can be sure _in a million years.A. what man will look likeB. what will man look like .C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 3. They have no idea at all_.A. where he has gone. B. where did he g

41、o C. which place he has gone D. where has he gone.题析：1选B。首先要选择间接引语部分是陈述词序的选项；第二要考虑疑问词的正确使用，从句子结构来看，间接引语部分的谓语do缺少了宾语，因此应选择连接词what充当do的宾语。2.选A。第一个原因与上题一样；第二点关于疑问词的考虑，因为间接引语部分的谓语will look like 的like是介词，而介词必须带有宾语，因此使用连接词what充当介词like 的宾语。3.选A。第一个原因与第1题一样；至于疑问词的选择，因为go是一个不及物动词，如果要表示“去哪里”，就要用“go+副词”或“go+介词

42、+名词/代词”结构，因此如果选C的话，gone后应加介词to。故使用连接词where。归纳： （5）在做单项选择题时，除了考虑间接引语部分需用陈述词序外，还应考虑如何选择正确的连接词。用哪一个连接词要取决于句子表达的意思以及间接引语部分所缺少的成分。7 Can you make sure _the gold ring ? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 题析：这题的答案选C。第一点考虑的是间接引语部分需使用陈述词序，故排除B和D。第二考虑的是时

43、态问题。因为主句使用了一般现在时，如果选择A，使用过去完成时，在这个句子并没有过去时间作参照点，因此不能使用过去完成时。归纳： （6）间接引语部分的时态必须与主句的时态相协调。（7）如果直接引语所在的句中的谓语动词是现在时或将来时态，改为间接引语时，时态不变。 Eg. He says “I didnt go to school today.” He says that he didnt go to school that day.（8）如果直接引语讲述的是客观真理现象，改为间接引语时，其一般现在时不变。 Eg. The teacher said ,“The earth is round .”

44、The teacher said that the earth is round .（9）如果说话时间与引述时间不同，即引述某人过去说过的话，则动词时态要作相应的变化，即动词时态一律向过去推移一步。Eg. A. 直接引语：“its snowing.” 间接引语：He told me that it was snowing. B. 直接引语：“I have studied English for ten years.” 间接引语：He said that he had studied English for ten years.C.直接引语：“I am looking forward to se

45、eing Tom.”间接引语：He told me he was looking forward to seeing Tom.D. 直接引语：“We will miss the bus .”间接引语：She was afraid they would miss the bus.（10）直接引语中的虚拟语气，时态保持不变。Eg. “I suggest that the meeting be put off till next week.” he said.He suggested that the meeting be put off till the next week.练习：That man

46、 insisted that he _ there.A. should send B. would be sent C. be sent D. sent（11）当直接引语中有确定的过去时间状语时，谓语动词的一般过去时不必变为过去完成时，因为在这种情况下，“过去的过去”已经不言而明。Eg. “I was born in 1950”.He said was born in 1950.1996 The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not

47、eating 题析： 这一题的答案选C。这句话是间接引语的另一种形式，即祈使句的间接引语。祈使句改为间接引语时，把祈使句中的动词原形改为动词不定式，如果是否定祈使句，就在动词不定式前加not,因此选择C。归纳：（12）直接引语如果是祈使句，变间接引语时，要使用“谓+宾+不定式”结构，引述动词常用ask , tell ,warn , advise, order 等。如果该祈使句的说话者采用的动词为said, 就将其改为told , asked 或 ordered等，如果祈使句中有please 一词，改为间接引语时，要将please去掉。 练习1. My father suggested _ a

48、jo6 in a hospital.A. that I get B. that I got C. me to get D. that my getting 2. Can you tell me _the 28th Olympic Games_?A. when will , be held . B. when, will be held C. when will be , held D. when ,will hold 3. Mr Brown is said _a new novel.A. to write B. to have been written C. to be written D.

49、to have written4. He demanded that every student _there at once.A. went B. must go C. goes D. go 5. That man insisted that he _ there.A. should send B. would be sent C. be sent D. sent 6. I want to know _.A. what city does she come from B. from what city does she come .C. from which city does she co

50、me .D. what city she comes from .7. “Were you able to borrow Helens camera?”“No, she said _lend it to anyone.”A. shell rather not. B. she wouldnt ratherC. shed rather not D. she doesnt rather 8. I wonder if she _us, but I think if she _us we will be able to complete the take ahead of time.A. helps; helps B. will help; has helped.C. helps; will help D. will help; helps 9. He said that he _there for three years. A. has studied B. had studied C. studied D. was studying 10. Can you tell me _ ? I havent seen you for years .A. where have you gone B. where have