非谓语动词作定语讲析

1、高考语法高考语法 ( (NonfinitiveNonfinitive Verbs as adjectives)Verbs as adjectives)目录目录（ContentContent）一、启发导入一、启发导入二、考点透视二、考点透视三三、谓语动词、谓语动词VS非谓语动非谓语动词词四四、 用法透析用法透析五、五、 解题技能解题技能六、六、非谓语动词非谓语动词OR定语从句定语从句一、启发导入一、启发导入 什么是非谓什么是非谓 语动词啊？语动词啊？ “非谓语非谓语非谓语非谓语”, ,就是就是不是不是谓语的动词谓语的动词呗呗! !那那“不是谓语不是谓语”是什么呢？是什么呢？蓝瘦，香菇蓝瘦，香菇

2、非非谓语动词谓语动词：一个句子中已经有了谓语动词，并且没有连词又非主从复合句的情况下。 This is the question and they are discussing it. This is the question which they are discussing. This is the question being discussed by them. 总结：英语总结：英语一个简单句只能有一个主谓一个简单句只能有一个主谓结构如果结构如果出现更多主谓结构，可以用出现更多主谓结构，可以用以下方法以下方法： 1）加入）加入并列连词，构成并列连词，构成并列句并列句（and / but

3、 / so） 2）放）放入从句，构成入从句，构成主从复合句主从复合句 3）变为）变为非谓语动词，构成非谓语动词，构成动词短语加句子动词短语加句子 非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词的三种形式 -ing形式形式-ed形式形式to do不定式不定式动词动词-ing：主：主，谓，谓, 宾宾，定，定, 状状, 表，补表，补动词动词-ed： 主，谓主，谓, 宾，定宾，定, 状状, 表，补表，补不定式：不定式： 主，谓主，谓, 宾，定宾，定, 状状, 表，补表，补非非谓语动词在谓语动词在句句中作用中作用 The boy playing basketball over there is our math tea

4、cher, Mr You. In the basketball game held yesterday, every player did a good job. The basketball to be held next week makes everyone excited.二、考点透视二、考点透视知识内涵：知识内涵： 非谓语动词在句中可以充当定语，修饰一个名词或代词。非谓语动词在句中可以充当定语，修饰一个名词或代词。 高考真题高考真题1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-

5、1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (2016高考全国卷I)正确答案：此题考查分词做非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，并表示过去，所以填permitted。2.A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destina

6、tions in the world. (2015高考全国卷I)正确答案：此题考查分词做非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，且动作已完成，所以填conducted。3.The adobe dwellings (土坯房) （build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. (2015高考全国卷II) 正确答案：此题考查分词做非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，且动作已完成，与上一题类似，所以填built。三三、用法透析

7、、用法透析 非谓语动词作定语的主要形式非谓语动词作定语的主要形式 逻辑关系逻辑关系时间时间主动主动 被动被动与谓语同时发生与谓语同时发生doing（正在做）（正在做）being done（正在被做）（正在被做）在谓动之前在谓动之前 done（被）（被）将来将来to do（将要做）（将要做）to be done（将要被做）（将要被做）( (一一) )动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语 1.The house to be bought is for their son. 2.He is always the first to leave and the last to come. He was th

8、e best man to finish the task. 3.Do you have the chance to visit foreign countries? 表示将来 修饰序数词或最高级修饰 被修饰的名词是抽象名时 常见的有ability, chance, idea, belief, way, promise 等。 【注意事项注意事项】 1. 不定式作定语永远放在所修饰词的 ； 2. 不定式和它前面所修饰的代词或名词构成逻辑上的 ， 又和主语构成逻辑上的 时，不定式常用 ； 3.3.如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的 。 例如： I have a lot of ho

9、mework to do every day. The Whites have a comfortable house to live in. I am going to the supermarket. Do you have anything to be bought?后面动宾关系 主谓关系主动形式介词 比较比较:例1和3。 （二）分词作定语（二）分词作定语 1.及物动词的分词做定语：及物动词的分词做定语： doing -与被修饰的名词之间为主动关系 being done-与被修饰的名词之间为被动且正在进行 done-与被修饰的名词之间为被动且完成 例如： Do you know the

10、girl crying under the tree? The factory being built is said to be the largest one in the area. I dont like the food made by Mary. 2. 不及物动词的分词作定语：不及物动词的分词作定语： doing-表示正在进行 done-表示已经完成 例如： （1）boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开了得水 （2）developing country 发展中国家 developed country 发达国家 （三）不定式to be done, 现

11、在分词being done 和过去分词done 作定语的区别 例如： 1. The bridge to be built next year has attracted lots of attention. 2. The bridge being built now has attracted lots of attention. 3. The bridge built last year has attracted lots of attention. 不定式 to be done 表 “被动， 将来” 现在分词 being done 表 “被动，进行” 过去分词 done 表 “被动，完成

12、”典题冲关典题冲关1. (2013陕西)The witnesses (question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.2.(2013四川)The airport (complete )next year will help promote tourism in this area.3. (2013天津)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words (use)in daily conversations.【解题思路】1）判断考查

13、的是否为非谓语动词作定语； 2) 寻找非谓语动词作定语所修饰的名词或代词； 3）判断该名词或代词与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系。questionedto be completedbeing used五、解题技能五、解题技能 解答非谓语动词作定语的方法： 1.确定考察的是否为非谓语动词作定语； 2.分析被修饰的名词或代词（名词常在空前）与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系，若为主动，则可选择doing， to do; 若为被动，则可选择to be done, being done, done; 3.分析时间究竟是过去，现在还是将来； 4.考虑不定式作定语的几种情况。六、非谓语动词六、非谓语动词OROR定语

14、从句定语从句将下列下划线部分用定语从句代替 1. The computer center opened last year is very popular among the students in the school. 2. Do you know the boy lying under the tree? 3. Are you going to attend the sports meeting to be held tomorrow? which was opened last yearwho is lying under the treewhich is to be held tomorrow 小小试牛刀试牛刀 1. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 2. I like most