定语从句专练与讲解

1、定语从句语法归纳及练习1、语法知识归纳-、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种 原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有： who, whom, which, that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。:、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的

2、不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关 系 代 词who人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talk ing with your mother?whom, which 和that在从 句中做宾语 时，常可以 省略，但介 词提前时后 面关系代词 不能省略， 也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am worki ngThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those bo

3、oks whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.that人，物主语，宾语A pla ne is a mach ine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accide nt was terrible.as人，物主语，

4、宾语He is such a pers on as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾语一 般不省略学习好资料欢迎下载例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech n ext week?（作主语） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published.（作主语） The pla n th

5、at/which they argued about was settled at last.（作宾语） This is the new secretary （who/whom/that） I would like to in troduce to you.（作宾语） The soldier whose legs were badly woun ded was operated on without delay.（作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有

6、些情况下，只用that。（1）先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例女如: This is the best that has been used against pollution. En glish is the most difficult subject that you will lear n duri ng these years.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如： This is the last place （that） I want to visit. It is the first American movie of this kind that

7、 I ve ever seen. 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等代词时。例如： You should ha nd in all that you have. We haven t got meh that we can offer you. 先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every 等修饰时。例口： The only thing that we can do is to give you so

8、me money. The little money （that） he had was stolen.（5）先行词既有人又有物时。例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.（6）主句已有疑问词 who或which时。例如： Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that

9、was praised at the meeting?注意：（1）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which指代物，用who/whom指人（2）在由 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用 which指物，whom指人。即： which +whom /which（3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember th

10、e day on which you joined our club ?=Do you remember the day when you joined our club ?（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况 先行词是 one, ones, anyone时。例如： One who has nothing to fear for on eself dares to tell the truth. Don t tell anyone about the news who oughtn t to know it.先行词是those时。例如： Those who were not fit fo

11、r their work could not see the beautiful clothesmade of the magic cloth.（四）与whose有关的问题whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例收口： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red. 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。例如： The buildi ng whose roof you can see from here is a new restaura n

12、t.t The build ing, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaura nt. 或t The build ing, of which the roof you can see from he re is a new restaura nt.三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Have you seen the pen （which） I wrote the note with just now? （which 作介词 with 的宾语） t Have you s

13、een the pen with which I wrote the note just now?但是，要注意的是：介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。例如：错误： Who is the old man to that you were talk ing to?正确： Who is the old man to whom you were talking ?或 Who is the old

14、 man （that/ whom） you were talking to?学习好资料欢迎下载错误： These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确： These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。例如： Who is the guy that is readi ng over there?The nu mber of people that are going t

15、o the exhibiti on is expected to be over 25,000.All that n eeds to be done has bee n done.He is one of the students who usecomputer a lot for study.Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.四、关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He marri

16、ed her, as/which was n atural.(2) He was hon est, as/which we can see.2、as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有正如，正像”的意思 As is known to all, China is a develop ing coun try.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his acce nt.(3) Joh n, as you kno w, is a famous wr

17、iter.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher an gry.3、当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as(1) I have n ever heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is

18、 the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.注意：定语从句 suchas 与结果状语从句suchthat -的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作学习好资料欢迎下载主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成

19、分(6) He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.(7) He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one.五、 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/./ he an swered the questi on was surpris ing.六、but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句There are very few but understand his idea。( but= who don t )

20、高一定语从句专项练习(1)1. The placein terested me most was the Childre ns Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. what D. i n which2. Do you know the man?A. whom I spokeB. to who spoke C. I spoke toD. that I spoke3. This is the hotellast mon th.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they

21、stayed4. Do you know the yearthe Chin ese Communist Party was foun ded?A. whichB. thatC. whe n D. on which5. That is the dayIll n ever forget.A. whichB. on which C. i n which D. whe n6. The factorywell visit n ext week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. i n which7. Great cha nges

22、have take n place in the factorywe are work ing since the n.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there8. This is one of the best films.A. that have bee n show n this yearB. that have show nC. that has bee n show n this yearD. that you talked9. Ca n you lend me the bookthe other day?A. about which you talkedB.

23、which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10. The penhe is writi ng is mine.A.with which B.in which C.o n whichD.by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that12. The engin eermy father works is about 50 years old.A.to whomB.o n whomC

24、.with which D. with whom13.lt there anyone in your classfamily is in the country?A. whoB. whosC. whichD. whose14.1m in terested inyou have said.A. all thatB.all what C. that D. which15.1 want to use the same dict ionarywas used yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. as16. He isnt such a manhe used to be.

25、A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as17. He is good at En glish,we all know.A. thatB. asC. whomD. what18. Li Ming,to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.l went with him19.1 dont likeas you read.A. the no velsB. the such no vels C. such no vels D. same no vels20.

26、 He talked a lot about thi ngs and pers onsthey remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what21. The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who22.ln our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds ofare wome n.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who23.Youre the only pe

27、rs onve ever metcould do it.A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who24.1 lost a book,I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake,Han gzhou is famous in the world.A.for which B.for that C.in which D what26.1 have bought such

28、 a watchwas advertised on TV.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it27.1 can n ever forget the daywe worked together and the daywe spe nt together.28. The wayhe looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. what D./29. This is the reas onhe did nt come to the meet ing.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for whic

29、h30. This mach ine,for many years, is still worki ng perfectly.A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31. The reas onhe did nt come washe was ill.A. why; thatB. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what32. He is work ing hard,will

30、 make him pass the final exam.A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.who33. That is not the wayI do it.A./B.whichC.for whichD.with which34.1 have two grammars,are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of thatD. both of which35.1 want to use the same toolsused in your factory a few days ago.A.as

31、 was B. which was C.as were D. which36. My n eigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble,was very ki nd of them. A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it37. This is the magaz ineI copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38. He is not such a manwould leave his work half done.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as39. You can depe nd on whatever promisehe makes.A. /B. whyC. whe nD. whose40. Smok ing,is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. thatB. whichC. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guardhappe ned?-Yes, he told me al