动词不定式主动表被动用法归纳

1、动词不定式有两种被动式 , 即一般式和完成式 , 例如 do 的被动式有 to be done, to have been done 。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。一般说来, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时 , 该不定式要用被动式。例如 :He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那个工厂工作。These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.这些书不许带出室外。但在某些情况下 , 不定式虽然表示被动意思 , 用的却是主动形式。常见的有下

2、列几种情况 :一、在某些固定句型中 , 动词不定式作定语 , 用主动形式表被动意义。1) have ( give, show ) sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系 , 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。 例如 : I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与 things 是动宾关系 , 与I 是主谓关系。否则 , 在表示被动意义时 , 仍需要被动式。试比较 :Have you anything to do this afternoon?今天下午你有事要做吗 ?( to do 是由 you 发出的)Ha

3、ve you anything to be taken to your parents?你有要带给你父母的东西吗 ? (谁带不得而知)再如 :Please get me something to read.请给我弄点读的材料。He'll show you the right path to take.他会给你指出要走的正确的路。2) It ( This, That ) bea an adj. n. to do 在这种句型中 , 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。 例如 : This is a difficult question to answer.这是

4、个难答的问题。question 与 to answer 为动宾关系。 to answer 可改为 for me to answer 。再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate.这个句子很容易翻译。3) There be n. to do在此句型中 , 用来修饰主语的不定式 , 可用主动式 , 也可用被动式 , 只是侧重点不同。 用主 动式作定语 , 重点在人 , 用被动式作定语 , 重点在物。例如 :没有时间可以耽误。可译成 :There is no time to lose(to be lost ). 用 to lose 可看成 for us to l

5、ose; 用 to belost, 谁 lost time 不明确。但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同 :a. There is nothing to do now.b. There is nothing to be done.a. There is nothing to see.b. There is nothing to be seen.(We have n othi ng to do now.)现在没事干。(=We can do nothi ng now.)现在没办法了。( nothing worth seeing)没有东西值得看。( nothing there at all)看

6、不见什么东西。二、在某些 “形容词不定式 ”的结构中 , 不定式有被动意义 , 与句子主语构成动宾关系。 其 句型有 :1) n. be adj. to doThe question was very difficult to answer.这问题很难回答。The job is very easy to do.这工作很容易做。2) n. be too adj. to doThe thing is too small to see.这东西太小看不见。I was too excited to say a word. 我激动得连一句话也说不出。3）n. be adj. enough to doThe

7、 box is light enough to carry.这盒子轻得可带走。The book is cheap enough to buy.这本书很便宜可以买。但下列两句可用不定式的主动式 , 也可用被动式 :This plant is fit to eat to be eaten.这种植物可以食用。The cake is ready to eat to be eaten.这块饼可以吃了。三、某些动词 , 如 to let, to blame （责备） , to seek （寻找）用主动式表被动意义。 例如 :The house is to let.这房子要出租。Who is to blam

8、e for it?这得怪谁 ?The reason is not far to seek.这理由不难找到。练习 : 选择填空。1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to .a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on2. I'm hungry. Get me something .a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating3. It is difficult for a foreigner Chinese.a. w

9、rite b. to write c. to be written d. written4. I have no more letters , thank you.a. to type b. typingc. to be typed d. typed5. The car is rather difficult .a. to repair b. to be repairedc. repairing d. being repaired6. He was nowhere .a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money a birthday present for their children.a. to buy b. to