必修6unit3grammar-it的用法

1、 The use of “it”-By LeslieContents It 用作代词It 作形式主语或形式宾语It 用于强调句型It 作为引导词用于其它句型考点考点 1:it 用作代词用作代词 -What do you think of the movie?-Its one of the best movies that Ive seen.Whos knocking at the door?It might be the milkman. It can be used as personal pronouns(人称代词人称代词), referring to the person, animal

2、 or matter mentioned above,or the person who you are not sure of sex.summary 1 It is December 12 today and it is a sunny day. The lazy sheep decides to go for a walk to the park, though it is two miles away. It lies in the south of the Sheep Village.Read the passage and pay attention to it It is win

3、ter now and it is 15C. Its about 10 a.m. and it is quiet in the park, so the lazy sheep falls asleep in the park. Unluckily, the big big Wolf gets close to him and catches him. Help! it can be used as impersonal pronouns(非人称代词非人称代词), referring to not exact things but _,_,_, _, _, _, _, _etc.date wea

4、thertimedistanceplacetemperature seasoncircumstanceSummary 21. Whose umbrella is that? Its Marys.2. Whats this? Its a rose. it can be used as demonstrative pronoun(指示代词指示代词), referring to this or that.Summary 3Read and analyze the following sentences.nS1. What is this? It is a cellphone.nS2. What is

5、 that? It is his dictionary.nS3. Whose book is this? It is Mr Chengs.nS4. Where is your English book? It is here.nS5. My cat is missing, I cant find it anywhere.Question: What does “it” in these sentences refer to?Draw a conclusion: it -词性词性? _ 可以可以替代指示代词替代指示代词_ 或或_.还可以用还可以用作作人称代词人称代词，代，代_ Pron.前文提到

6、的事物前文提到的事物.that.this.Read and analyze the following sentences.nIt is Friday today.nIt was very cold last Monday. nIt is about 8:30 now.nIt is about 25km from Longxian to Bazi.nIt lies in the south of Shaoguan city.nIt is 40C ! You got a high fever!nQuestion: What does “it” in these sentences refer t

7、o?nConclusion :it 可以用作可以用作非人称代词非人称代词，表示，表示_,_,_,_,_,_等。等。DateweathertimedistanceplaceTemperature 日期日期天气天气时间时间距离距离地点地点温度温度01020304it 与与one, that 的用法区别的用法区别itoneitonethatthatit 同类同物同类同物 特指特指 one 同类异物同类异物 泛指泛指 可数名词单数可数名词单数 that 上文提到上文提到 特指特指 可数名词单数或不可数可数名词单数或不可数 I cant find my pen. I must have lost _.I

8、 cant find my pen. I m going to buy _.Have you found your book? No,I havent found _.Do you have a pen? No,I dont have _.Life today is more colorful than_ in the past. The book on the desk is better than _under the desk.Fill in the blanks with one, ones, it, that, those.(1) I cant find my watch. You

9、havent found _?If you want to buy a new _, I suggest you buy _ made in China. (2) Weve got a big cup and two small _. (3)The weight of an elephant is much greater than _ of a tiger. (4)The books on the first shelf are easier than _ on the second shelf. (5)The boy told his story and _ of the girl ups

10、tairs. itoneoneonesthatthose/ the onesthatConclusion:指代上文提过的事物时指代上文提过的事物时, it指的是同名同指的是同名同物物, 相当于相当于the名词；名词；one指的是同名异物指的是同名异物, 表示单数可数名词；表示单数可数名词；复数形式用复数形式用ones；that后面常有后置定语后面常有后置定语, 有特指意义有特指意义, 代代替不可数名词或单数可数名词；替不可数名词或单数可数名词； 复数名词用复数名词用those，相当于，相当于the ones。 考点考点 2:it 用作形式主语或形式宾语用作形式主语或形式宾语1 12 23 3学

11、好英语很重要。学好英语很重要。问他是没有用的。问他是没有用的。据说她昨天上学迟到了。据说她昨天上学迟到了。 考点二：考点二： “it” used as subject It is important to learn English well.It is no use asking him.It is said that she was late for school yesterday.- It + be + adj.n.p.p. + (for sb.) to do sth. doing sth. clause Sentence Sentence pattern:pattern:formal

12、 subject (形式主语形式主语)It is important to learn English well.It is no use asking him.It is said that she was late for school yesterday.It + be + adj./n./p.p. + clause It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain.) that . It is important ( necessary, strange, natural.) that . (should do)It is a pity (

13、a shame, an honor . ) that . It is said (reported, believed, known, learned.) that . It is suggested (ordered, demanded, insisted, commanded. ) that . (should do)It is strange that_.他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that_. 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。 It is natural that_. 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。鸟

14、在树上安歇是很自然的。 Its +adj.(necessary/strange/natural/important/impossible)/ n. (a pity/no wonder)+ that 从句中的动词要用虚拟从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即即(should)+Vhe ( should ) say sohe ( should ) think soa bird ( should ) rest in treesRead and analyze the following sentences.nS3.It is no good crying over spilt milk.nS4.It is no

15、 use casting pearls before swine .n在在S3与与S4中，中，it的作用是的作用是_, 真正主语真正主语是是_.构成如下结构：构成如下结构： It is +no use ( not any use) / no good ( not any good ) / worthwhile, a waste, fun 等。等。 + doing sth. 动名词动名词短语短语形式主语形式主语It is said that 据说据说 It is reported that It is supposed that It is hoped that It is well known

16、 that 据报导据报导据推测据推测希望希望众所周知众所周知普遍认为普遍认为有人建议有人建议It is said (reported.) that .It is suggested thatIt is generally considered that该句型中的该句型中的it it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是仍是形式主语，真正主语是thatthat引导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。 小结：小结：it 做形式主语做形式主语nIt可以在句中充当形式主语，真正主语可以由_引导的主语从句充当，还可以由_以及_短语充当。that不定式不定式动名词动名词跟踪训练：跟踪训练：It is+ adj. + that

17、从句从句 很明显他已经知道了那个坏消息。 姚明篮球比易建联打得好是肯定的。It is obvious that he has known the bad news.It is certain that Yaoming plays basketball better than Yijianlian. 1.It was urgent that he _ her immediately. A. calls B. called C. call D. would call 2.It is strange that such a thing _ in your school. A. will happen

18、 B. happens C. should happen D. happened 1. 1.吸烟危害健康，这是事实。吸烟危害健康，这是事实。 2. 2.碰巧我们在同一间大学碰巧我们在同一间大学 。 3.3.据说日本发生了地震。据说日本发生了地震。 4. 4.劝他戒烟实在浪费时间。劝他戒烟实在浪费时间。 It is a fact that smoking does harm to health.It happens that we are in the same college. _ there is an earthquake in Japan. It is a waste of time _

19、 (try)to persuade him to give up smoking.tryingIt is said thatRead and analyze the following sentences.nS1.It is not easy to stop smoking. nS2.It was difficult to quit. n在在S1与与S2中，中，it的作用是的作用是_, 真正主语真正主语是是_.形式主语形式主语不定式不定式短语短语It is +adj.+ to do sth. It is + adj. + ( for sb. ) to do sth. It is + adj.

20、+ ( of sb. ) to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. Read and analyze the following sentences.nS1.A mouse barked like a dog and drove a cat away , so he said to his son “ I think it important to learn a foreign language.”nS2.We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.n分析：分析：S1与与S2句型中的句型中的

21、it是是_,真正宾真正宾语是语是_.n 建议用建议用6123结构结构来记忆该结构。来记忆该结构。形式宾语形式宾语不定式短语不定式短语6123结构结构nWe think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.nI believe it important keeping notes.nHe found it difficult that he would finish the task in an hour.n6-主句常用的主句常用的6个动词个动词-think, believe, make, find, consider, feel.n1-形式

22、宾语形式宾语itn2-紧跟在紧跟在it后的宾语补足语，有两种形式，形后的宾语补足语，有两种形式，形容词或者名词。容词或者名词。n3-真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语；动名词真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语；动名词短语；短语；that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。跟踪练习跟踪练习.用形式宾语造句用形式宾语造句ndont you think/useful/to learn a foreign language/nwe think/ necessary/to practice oral English/every day/Dont you think it useful to learn a fore

23、ign language? We think it necessary to practice oral English every day.nthe students/ consider/no use/reading aloud/in the morning/nhe made/ certain/ she had gone abroad/The students consider it no use reading aloud in the morning.He made it certain that she had gone abroad.Rewrite the sentences. 1.

24、 We think that it is our duty to clean our classroom every day. We think _ _ _ to clean our classroom every day. 2. He felt that learning English well was important . He felt _ _ _ English well3. They found that that they would finish their work in two days was difficult. They found _ _ that they wo

25、uld finish their work in two days.it our dutyit important learningit difficultTranslation 我我觉得觉得学习英语学习英语很有趣很有趣，但他却，但他却明确表示学好这明确表示学好这个学科很难个学科很难。我。我认为认为和他争执和他争执没有用没有用。我想我想好好好好学习学习是我们的责任是我们的责任，因此，因此我们约定我们约定每天早晨读英每天早晨读英语。语。 I _ to study English, but he_ it is difficult to learn this subject well. I _ ar

26、guing with him. I_ to study hard, so we _ to read English in the morning everyday.find it very interesting makes it clear thatthink it no usefeel it our duty make it a rule sb. + like/love/enjoy/hate/appreciate+ it + when /if it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词, 尤其是表示好尤其是表示好恶的动词后面。如：恶的动词后面。如： I hate it I

27、 have to get up early in the morning. I ll appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply.I love it when my parents get along well with each other. sb. + keep/bear it in mind/take it for granted that We keep it in mind that it is important to learn English well. Complete the sentences w

28、ith the correct form. 1.It is _(importance)to write it down. 2.It is _(report) that it is colder tomorrow. 3.It is no good _(laugh) at others. 4.I find it hard _(learn) English well. Sentences correction 5. I feel that hard to say goodbye to my friends. 6. Our country makes it possible live a better

29、 life. 7. I dont think possible to reach a star 8. It is nice for you to help me . Practice （pair work）importantreportedlaughing to learn_ittoit_of考点考点 2:it 用于强调句型用于强调句型IMaryin the streetyesterdayIt was I that/who met Mary in the street yesterday.It was Mary that I met in the street yesterday.It was

30、 in the street that I met Mary yesterday.It was yesterday that I met Mary in the street.考点三：强调句考点三：强调句结构：结构：It be + 被强调部分被强调部分 +that /who +句子其他成分句子其他成分I met Mary in the street yesterday.1. It 无意义，不可换成无意义，不可换成this/that. 2. be 只用单数只用单数 is/was3.被强调的部分不能为谓语动词被强调的部分不能为谓语动词. 4. 强调的部分是人强调的部分是人 也可用也可用who/wh

31、om其它一其它一律用律用that.It is they who are our friendsI didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.It

32、is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . 直到雨停了我才回家。直到雨停了我才回家。 I didnt go home until the rain stopped.Not until the rain stopped did I go home.It was not until the rain stopped that I went home 强调句型的判断强调句型的判断将将“It is/was that/who”结构去掉，剩下的部结构去掉，剩下的部分能构成一个完整的句子便是强调句。分能构成一个完整的句子便是强调句。1) It was the street _ I

33、met an old friend of mine yesterday.A.that B. where C. which D. what2) It was in the street _ I met an old friend of mine yesterday.3)It was at 6:00 _we had our supper yesterday evening.4)It was 6:00 _we had our supper yesterday evening. B A thatwhenit强调句型的省略形式强调句型的省略形式(1)Where did you get to know h

34、er? It was on the farm _ we worked.答句完整形式应为：答句完整形式应为：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.(2) -Who made such a stupid mistake? -_Tom. A. It was B. He was C. That was D. There was 正确答案：正确答案：A。答句完整形式应为：。答句完整形式应为：It was Tom who made such a stupid mistake.where考查和定语从句连用考查和定语从句连用 1.

35、It was the university _ he was teaching _ sent him to America.2.It was playing computer games _ cost the boy plenty of time _ he ought to have spent doing his lessons. wherethatthat which 和名词性从句连用和名词性从句连用It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance.that和状语从句连用和状语从句连用 It was after he g

36、ot he had desired _ he realized it was not so important. thatwhat1.It was a new book he wanted to buy. 2.It was Tom I met in the street.3. It was during the holiday he got to know that girl.4. It was in the park I saw Kate crying last night.5. It was he who late yesterday.6. It was the teacher toget

37、her with the boy students who in the classroom.7. 将将1.2.句变为一般疑问句句变为一般疑问句8.将将3.4.5.句变为特殊疑问句句变为特殊疑问句waswasthat that who/whom that 9. is it has made Peter success. A .What that B. That what C. What what D. That that How is it that she turned down our help?Where was it that When was it that.Who was it t

38、hatWhich book is it that Whose nose is it that A 10.在强调句型中考查主谓一致在强调句型中考查主谓一致It was not luck but difficulties that him success. A. makes B. make I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girl, who to blame.A. Is B. are A B12.强调句型中的强调句型中的be动词与情态动词的结合动词与情态动词的结合It might have been John bough

39、t it for Mary yesterday.A.What B. since C. that D. when It may be next week she leaves for London.What B. since C. that D. whenC C 13.强调句型中含有定语从句强调句型中含有定语从句 It was in the small house was built with stones by his father he spent his childhood. A.which that B. that where C. which which D. that whichIt

40、 was playing computer games cost the boy plenty of time he ought to have spent doing his lessons.A that when One midnight, was raining heavily.Mary was lying in bed.She couldnt fall asleep. Suddenly, she heard someone knocking at the door.“Who is ?” She asked.She looked at the clock hung on the wall

41、. was striking two. “ is me.”One man answered. “ was impossible for him to appear here.”she thought. “John?Is_ you?” “Yeah! is me”the man answered. She rushed to open the door.John was just standing in front of her.He said to Mary excitedly, “I missed the plane. was said that the plane I would take

42、crashed down three hours ago. It was in that plane I should have gone to New York. After this, I think clearly that I love you so much I want to marry you.”ititItItItItItit thatthat/whichthatthat考点考点 4:it 用于其它句型用于其它句型It be .time that.It be the 1st/2nd.time thatIt be .since.It be .before.It be .when.

43、Group work -Fill in the blanks with correct form 四 易混的五种时间句型易混的五种时间句型It is high time that we _(study) hard.It is about time that we _(study) hard.It is the first time that I _(visit) your school.It was the last time that I _(help) you.It _ (be) two years since his father died.It was seven years sinc

44、e I_(leave) the factory.It _(be) half a year before we leave the school.It was long before he _(come)back. It is 6 p.m. _she goes home from school every day. It is at 6 p.m._she goes home from school every day.should study / studiedshould study/ studiedhave visitedhad helpedis / has beenhad leftwill

45、 becamethat or when ?whenthatit表示时间常用于句型：表示时间常用于句型： 1、 It is/has been一段时间一段时间since 从句（用一般过去时态从句（用一般过去时态sb. did sth.） It was 一段时间一段时间 since 从句从句 （用过去完成时态（用过去完成时态sb.had done） 用用meet 的适当形式填空的适当形式填空例如：例如： 1）It is/has been many years since I you last in London. 2）It was a long time since I you last in Lo

46、ndon.methad met It is (about/high) time that sb did sth should do sth. 正是某人做某事的时候了.It/This/That is the first time that sb has done sth 这是第一次某人做某事 It will be long before sb does sth.过了好久才. It was long before sb did sth 过了好久才. It will not be long before sb does sth. 不久就. It is/has been years/days sinc

47、e sb did sth It was/had been years/days since sb had done sth1.It is high time that he _(stop) smoking.2.It was the second time that she _(come) to China.3.It has been 2 years since we _(leave) here.4.It _(be) about 2 months before we have a holiday.5.It is 7:20 when she_(start) to have lessons ever

48、y day.should stop / stopped had comeleftwill bestartsFill in the blanks with corret form1. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. 2. It was not long _ he left.3. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.4. Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.5. Isnt it time you _ (get) down to finishing the papers?beforebeforesincethatgot