基础英语语法讲解ppt课件

1、ppt课件.1基础英语语法讲解提高基础英语语法讲解提高树立几个基本意识树立几个基本意识动词意识动词意识时态、语态、一个谓语时态、语态、一个谓语名词意识名词意识冠词（定、不定、零）、单复数冠词（定、不定、零）、单复数介词意识介词意识不同动词、形容词搭配不同不同动词、形容词搭配不同ppt课件.2时态语态时态语态三三个个一一般般两两个个进进行行两两个个完完成成一般过去时一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时两两个个语语态态主动主动被动被动ppt课件.3时态简介时态简介一般现在时一般现在时（最常用） 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为

2、及现在的某种状况 基本结构：基本结构：be动词；行为动词动词；行为动词e.g.1.I watch TV every day.2. He often plays football with his friends.3. I am 22 years old.4. The girl is very beautiful.ppt课件.4一般现在时一般现在时常用搭配词常用搭配词（表频率表频率）：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays e.g. 1.He often g

3、oes home late. 2. Sometimes she feels lonely. 3. Usually we have lunch together. 4. I go to the library twice a week.ppt课件.5一般现在时的疑问与否定一般现在时的疑问与否定否定形式否定形式：am/is/are+ not dont /doesnt +动词原形e.g. I am not twenty. I dont finish my homework. He doesnt like English. 疑问形式疑问形式: is/am/are 放句首do/does 放句首 e.g.

4、 Are you twenty years old? Do you finish your homework? Does she like English? ppt课件.6一般现在时一般现在时e.g. 1. The earth travels around the sun. 2. My teacher told me that the earth travels around. 3. Light travels faster than sound.补充：若陈述为客观真理时态也为一般现在时补充：若陈述为客观真理时态也为一般现在时ppt课件.7一般现在时练习一般现在时练习1.The girl (t

5、each) us English on Sundays. 2. She and I (take) a walk together every evening. 3. She (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 4. your parents (read) newspapers every day? 改错改错 ( )1. Is your brother speak English? A B C ( )2. Does he likes going fishing? A B C ( )3. He likes play games after class. A

6、B C ( )4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. A B C ( )5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. A B Cppt课件.8一般过去时（对比一般现在时）一般过去时（对比一般现在时）概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态； 过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为 基本结构：基本结构：be（was, were)动词；行为动词动词；行为动词(did动词过去式）动词过去式）否定：否定： was/were not didnt +do（动词原形）（动词原形）疑问：疑问： was/

7、were 提前置句首提前置句首 did 置句首置句首e.g. 1. Yesterday I watched an interesting movie. 2. I was 22 years old last year. 3. The girl was beautiful before. 4. Was the girl beautiful before? 4. She didnt like English when she was young. 5. Did she like English when she was young?ppt课件.9一般过去时一般过去时常用搭配：ago, yesterd

8、ay, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long agoe.g. I was a boy three years ago. She went to the park with her mother last week. I saw her smiling at me just now. 提醒：提醒：在一般口语中常用一般现在时，但在一般口语中常用一般现在时，但在写作中尤其是记叙文中过去时更常用。在写作中尤其是记叙文

9、中过去时更常用。如：看图写作作文一般全文为一般过去时。如：看图写作作文一般全文为一般过去时。ppt课件.10一般过去时练习一般过去时练习1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterd

10、ay morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning ppt课件.11一般将来时一般将来时概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 及打算、计划或准备做某事及打算、计划或准备做某事 基本结构：基本结构：am/is/are going to + do；will/shall + do 否定结构：否定结构： am/is/are not going； will/shall not+ do疑问结构：疑问结构： am/is/are

11、置首；置首； will/shall置首置首e.g. 1. I am going to watch an interesting movie. 2. I will pass the exam. 3. The boy will have a promising future. 4. We will go for a picnic this weekend.ppt课件.12一般将来时一般将来时常用搭配：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow，in the futu

12、re e.g. 1. I will go the park with my friends tomorrow. 2. She can learn English well in two months. 3. She will be a famous star in the future. 4. We are going to hold a party next week.Few, little; a few, a little; a number of; the number of ppt课件.13一般将来时一般将来时I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all

13、my work before I _ （leave） 2. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon. 3. Most of us dont think their team _（win） Charlie _ here next month。 A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work4. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D.

14、is going to giving 5. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming backppt课件.14现在进行时现在进行时概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。基本结构：基本结构：am/is/are + doing时间状语：时间状语：now, at this time, these days e.g. 1. I am reading a useful book. 2. Look! The girls

15、are singing. 3. Now, she is drawing a picture. 4. These days the girl is preparing for her exam.ppt课件.15现在进行时现在进行时表示位移位移的词：go, reach, come, arrive at/in, leave, start, take off 可用进行时进行时表示将来时将来时1. The train is leaving.2. I am arriving in Wuhu in two hours.注意特例：注意特例：特殊用法：特殊用法：I am wondering that can w

16、e hold a party tonight.I am thinking maybe you can use another method to solve this problem.现在进行时可以表达委婉语气，提出建议和意见。现在进行时可以表达委婉语气，提出建议和意见。ppt课件.16现在进行时现在进行时1. My parents _ _（watch）TV now.2. Look. Three boys _（run）. 3.Listen, someone _ _（sing）in the classroom. 4. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. slee

17、p B. is sleeping C. are sleeping 5. He is _(reach) Shanghai in 5 hours.6. I _(think) maybe we can have a better choice.ppt课件.17过去进行时过去进行时概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生 或进行的行为或动作。或进行的行为或动作。 基本结构：基本结构：was/were + doing时间状语：时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或或 when、while引导的句子中引导的句子中 e.g

18、. 1. I was playing computer games at 8 yesterday evening. 2. He was doing his homework while his mother was watching TV. 3. When Tom got at home, his mother was cooking dinner.ppt课件.18过去进行时过去进行时Mary _ (watch) TV when we came in.They _ (have) a meeting from 8 to 10 last night.While we _ (talk) with M

19、r. Wang in English, a foreigner came up.I _ (wash) my clothes this time yesterday. When the teacher came in, the students _ A. talk B. are talking C. were talking D. will talk6. Wang Lin and Zhou Hong _ for us when we got to the school gate A. is waiting B. were waiting C. are waiting D. was waiting

20、ppt课件.19现在完成时现在完成时概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构：基本结构：have/has + done时间状语：时间状语：recently, lately, since(后跟一般过去时后跟一般过去时），），for+一段时间一段时间, over/in the past few years，already，yet , so far,e.g.1.They have lived in Beijing for five year

21、s. 2.They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 3. Has it stopped raining yet ? 4. It has already stopped raining . 4. I have read 200 books so far.ppt课件.20现在完成时现在完成时特殊用法：特殊用法：1.This is my first time that I have visited China. 2.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.3.That is the only book

22、that he has written.表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。 ppt课件.21现在完成时现在完成时1. ( ) my dictionary? Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago. A. Have you seen B. Do you seen C. Had you seen D. Would you seen2. ( )Have you even been anywhere for a trip? A trip? I a

23、way from my hometown even once. A. went B. have never beenC. haven gone D. have been3. ( ) have you been here? 3 year. A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How4.( ) Mary has been a league member three years. A. for B. since C. in D. onppt课件.225. ( ) Its the third time you late for school this week

24、. A. were B. are C. had been D. have been6. ( ) He a great deal since he joined the army. A. learn B. learned C. has learned D. is learningppt课件.23过去完成时（过去的过去）过去完成时（过去的过去）概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为， 或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去过去的过去” 基本结构：基本结构：had + done 时间状语：时间状

25、语：before, by the end of last year (term, month) 1. By the end of last term we had finished the book. 3. That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. 2. They finished earlier than we had expected. ppt课件.24定语从句定语从句先行词先行词+关联词关联词+定语从句定语从句关联代词：关联代词：who, whom, whose, that, which 关联副词：关联副词：w

26、hen, where, why 关关联联词词注意：没有注意：没有whatppt课件.25关系词关系词主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语说明说明that人人/物物人人/物物不能用于非限制性从句不能用于非限制性从句which物物物物who人人who可代替可代替whom作宾语作宾语whom人人whose人人/物物whenwherewhyas主要用于非限制性的定语从句和主要用于非限制性的定语从句和suchas,thesame.as.,as.as.结构中结构中ppt课件.26Is he the man who/that wants to see you? He is the man who/who

27、m/ that I saw yesterday. The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. There are occasions when （on which） one must yield. Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born. Is this the reason why （for which） he refus

28、ed our offer? This is the book which I read yesterday.ppt课件.27判断关联代词与关联副词判断关联代词与关联副词I will never forget the day when I first went to school.I will never forget the day which/that we spent in Beijing.The house which/that we visited is being repaired now.The house where Lu Xun once lived is being repa

29、ired now. 关于关于whose1.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.2.Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green. ppt课件.281.The man _ came to our school is Mr. Wang.2.A child _ parents are dead is called Tom. 3.Could you tell me the reason _ you are late.4.I dont know the bo

30、y _ you talked with.5. Beijing is the place _ I came.6.Gone are the days _ we used foreign oil. 7.Is this the museum _ we held the exhibition? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one8.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one改错：改错：1.This is the mountain vill

31、age where I visited last year. 2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. ppt课件.29定语从句定语从句关于关于as非限制性定语从句（只能由非限制性定语从句（只能由which引导）引导）She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.as、which都可以引导非限制定语从句，指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换 He married her, as /which was natural.在下列情况下一般只

32、能用as：(1) as 放在句首，而which不能。(2) as 本身有“正如；正像”之意，而which 没有；此时as常和 know, see, expect, announce, suggest, hope, believe 等连用。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.ppt课件.30由as构成的常用短语As everybody knows/As is known to everybodyAs we can see As is often the case As is reported in the newspaper (3) 当先行词被the

33、same, such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.ppt课件.31倒装句倒装句全部倒装：谓语动词置于主语之前全部倒装：谓语动词置于主语之前部分倒装：情态动词（部分倒装：情态动词（can等）或助动词（等）或助动词（do等）置于主语前等）置于主语前1.Then came the chairman.（全）2.Here is your letter. （全）3.Nowhere will you find the answer to this questi

34、on. （部）4.Never have I seen such a performance. （部）ppt课件.32全倒装全倒装1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首等副词置于句首, 谓语动词谓语动词 常用常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。等表示来去或状态的动词。e.g. 1. Here comes the bus. 2. There lies an old dog. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 e.g. 1. Ahead

35、sat an old woman. 2. Out rushed a dog from the house.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词， 如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. ppt课件.33部分倒装（半倒装）部分倒装（半倒装）句首为句首为否定否定或或半否定半否定的词语，如的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time决不决不, in no way, not until 等。例如：等。例如： have

36、I seen such a performance. the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 2.以否定词开头作部分倒装以否定词开头作部分倒装 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than等，要倒装等，要倒装 e.g. 1.Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 2. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to v

37、isit her. 3. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. ppt课件.34部分倒装（半倒装）部分倒装（半倒装）3. so, neither, nor作部分倒装作部分倒装 Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I. 4.only在句首倒装的情况在句首倒装的情况。e.g. 1.Only in this way, can you learn English well. 2.Only after being asked thr

38、ee times did he come to the meeting. 5. so that 句型中的句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装位于句首时，需倒装 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. ppt课件.35条件状语从句条件状语从句口诀：主将从现口诀：主将从现（主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时）（主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时）结构：结构：if willIf he works hard, he will pass the exam.We will win the game, if we work together.

39、ppt课件.36被动语态被动语态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成: “助动词助动词be及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词” 一般现在时：一般现在时：amisarespoken一般过去时：一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：过去完成时：had been + spokenppt课件.37（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。）强调动作的

40、承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：例如：The glass was broken by Mike. This book was written by him. 。 Your homework must be finished on time.1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. This bridge was founded in 1981.ppt课件.38It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought.

41、）that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.It is(was)well known that.众所周知It is(was)taken for granted that.被视为当然It must be remembered that.务必记住.It mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记.It is (was) said (reported，heard，told，suggested)that.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)特殊用法：特殊用法：have sb./ sth. doneppt课件.39There be句型句型There is a book on the d

42、esk.There was a book on the desk.There are two books on the desk.There _ a book and two rules on the desk.There _ two rules and a book on the desk.ppt课件.40NounClauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）ppt课件.41Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主