外研版英语七年级语法专题复习（无答案）

1、外研版英语七年级上册语法专题复习 一、一般现在时：概念：1. 现在的状态，经常或习惯性的动作。2. 主语所具的性格和能力。 3.客观真理。常用的时间状语：often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）, never（从不）,on Sundays（在星期天),every day/month/year(每一天/月/年）句型结构：（一）主语+连系动词be(am/is/are)+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态（包括There be +n.） 巩固练习1. I_(be) a student. My name_(be) Tom. 2. Whe

2、re _(be) my shoes? They_(be) here.3.Who _(be) the girl with long straight hair? I think she _(be) Kate. 4. You and I _(not be) in Class Six.5._(be) there a supermarket on the Fifth Avenue? Yes, there_(be). 6. _ her parents tall? No, they_.（二）主语（非第三人称单数）+行为动词原形+其他（用助 动词do 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）主语（第三人称单数

3、）+行为动词的第三人称单数+其他（用-助动词does 帮助构成否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）行为动词第三人称单数的构成1. 在词尾加-s：speak-speaks, work-works2. 以“辅音+y”结尾，把y改为i,再加-es：study-studies3. 以s,x,ch,sh结尾,加-es： watch-watches teach-teaches特殊情况：have-has do-does go goes 巩固练习.1.His parents _(watch) TV every night. My brother _(do) homework every day.2.His par

4、ents _(not watch) every night .My brother_(not do)homework every day.3._his parents_(watch) TV every night ? _ your brother _ (do)homework every day?4.He _(have) two sisters. 5.Peter_(study) hard.二现在进行时：表示说话瞬间或现阶段正在进行的动作。 常用的时间状语: now（现在）,listen（看）,look（听） at the moment（此刻）, at this time（这个时候）。 结构:主

5、语+助动词be(am/is/are)+行为动词的现在分词(v-ing)现在分词的构成：1. 直接在词尾加-ing: eat-eating 2.以“辅音字母+e”结尾，去掉e再加-ing: take-taking 3. 以“元音字母+辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing:如 sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning, run-running, swim-swimming, stop-stopping, get-getting, shop-shopping cut- cutting , planplanning (计划), prefe

6、rpreferring (更喜欢)4.少数以ie结尾的重读开音节的动词，把ie变为 y，再加ing。如：diedying(死),lielying(躺) , tietying(拴；系) 巩固练习1. Jim _(take) photos in the park now.2. Listen!A girl_(sing) next to the room.3. _Peter_ (run) in the park now? Yes, he _. No, he _.4. Where _Marry _(have) a picnic now?5.Tom _(not swim) now,he _(do) his

7、 homework.6.Lily_(lie) on the beach at this time. 三、情态动词：1、 任何主语+can/may/must+动词原形. 2,任何主语+ cant/may not/ mustnt+动词原形 .3.Can/May/Must + 主语+ 动词原形？ 4,疑问词+can/may/must+主语+动词原形？ 四、非谓语动词（固定搭配）1. like+ to do sth.不定式/ like +doingsh.动名词 2.want to do sth. 3. love to do sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. stop d

8、oing sth/ stop to do sth. 6. let sb. do sth. eg. 1.She wants _(have) a party. 2.Does he like _(swim)? 3.Thanks for _(enjoy) CCTV show. 4.She never stops _(talk).五人称代词： 主格： 我 (I ), 你(you ) , 他( he ), 她 ( she ) , 它( it ) , 我们 ( we ), 你们 (you ), 他/她/它们( they) 宾格 我 (me), 你( you), 他( him), 她(her), 它( it)

9、 我们( us), 你们 ( you) , 他/她/它们(them)1.人称代词主格：在句子中作主语的代词。(1)主格在句中作主语，常置于句首。例如：I am in Class Two. 我在二班。He is twelve years old. 他今年12岁了。(2)多个人称代词连用时的排列顺序是：单数：第二人称(you)第三人称(he/she/it)第一人称(I)，例如：You，he and I are students.我、你和他都是学生。复数：第一人称(we)第二人称(you)第三人称(they)，例如：We and they are from Guangzhou.我们和他们来自广州。名

10、词与代词混用： 名词人称代词，例如：Miss Yang and he are good friends. 他和杨老师是朋友。主动承认错误时，第一人称在前，例如：I and John made the teacher angry.我和约翰惹老师生气了。2 人称代词宾格：在句中作宾语的代词。(1)宾格在句中作宾语，常放在动词或介词后。例如：He is a good boy and we like him.他是一个好孩子，我们都很喜欢他。(2)人称代词的宾格在口语中也能作表语。例如：Who broke the vase? 谁打碎了花瓶？ Me. 我。(Me.Its me.)形容词性物主代词： 我的(

11、 my), 你的(your) , 他的 ( his), 她的(her) ,它的( its)我们的(our ),你们的(your ),他/她/它们的(their) 名词性物主代词： 我的(mine),你的(yours),他的(his),她的( hers),它的( its) 我们的(ours), 你们的( yours), ,他/她/它们的( theirs) 巩固练习1. _(我) am a worker. _(你) are a doctor._(她) is a teacher.2.This is _ (他的 )shirt. 3. This is _(我的)pen.4._(他们的) trousers

12、 are there. 5. I like this picture. Please give _(它) to _(我).6. People get _(他们的) money from _(我).7._(他们) are new students. _(他们的) names are Lucy and Lily.8. These are _(我们的) shoes. Can _(我们) wear_(它们)?9Thank _(你) for _(你的) help. 10. _(他) loves _（她）, and _(她)loves_(他) ,too.六、 指示代词this，that，these，tho

13、se的用法this，that，these，those四个词都是指示代词，分别表示“这个”，“那个”，“这些”，“那些”。1this 用来指离说话者位置近的人或者物，以及时间上较近的场合。例如：This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。2that用来指在空间或时间上离的较远的人、物和场合。例如：That is my father. 那是我爸爸。3 these是this的复数形式，those是that的复数形式。4 this，that和is连用，而these，those和are连用。this is，these are，those are不存在缩写形式，只有that is有缩写形式，即tha

14、ts。例如：These are my friends. 这些是我的朋友。Those are their aunts. 那些是他们的姑姑。Thats his father. That is his father. 那是他父亲。指示代词的一般疑问句形式直接将be动词提前到句首，把第一人称转换为第二人称，回答用yes或no。而在回答主语为this，that，these，those的疑问句时，问句中的this，that在答语中要用it替代，these，those要用they替代。例如：Is this his father?Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.Are these your

15、 friends?Yes, they are. / No, they arent.七.名词所有格 英语中“名词s”表示后面的名词与这个名词是所属关系，被称为名词所有格。1名词所有格的构成：(1)单数名词词尾、不是以s 或es结尾的复数名词后加“s”，表示“的”。例如：Marys mother 玛丽的妈妈 Childrens Day儿童节(2)若名词词尾已有s，只加“”。例如：the teachers office 老师们的办公室。(3)表示无生命物体的所有格，要用of。例如：a map of China 一张中国地图。(4)表示时间、距离的名词，所有格也由词尾加“s” 构成。例如：todays

16、 newspaper 今天的报纸。使用名词所有格应注意的问题：(1)如果两个名词并列，并且分别有“s”，则表示“分别所有”；只有一个“s”，则表示“共有”。例如：Johns and Marys rooms(表示两个房间)，John and Marys room(表示一个房间)。(2)在表示店铺、医生诊所或教堂、某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。例如：the barbers理发店，at Uncle Wangs 在王叔叔家。八特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词在句中起引导作用，主要用来询问人或物、时间、地点、原因、数量等,下面列举一下特殊疑问词的功能：1 what询问“什么,何物，何事”2

17、what time询问“几点”3when询问“什么时候”,4where询问“何地,在哪里”5who询问“谁” 6whose询问“谁的”7why询问“为什么”8how old提问“年龄多大”9how many提问“可数名词的数量”10how much提问“不可数名词的数量或价钱”11how often提问“做某事的频率”12how long提问“时间多长或某物体的长度”注意：特殊疑问句不能用yes 或no 来回答，而应根据实际情况来回答。例如：1.How old are you?你多大了？Im twelve years old.我十二岁了。2. How many people are there

18、 in your family? There are four.注意：有些疑问词作主语时，语序不变。如：Who comes from America?谁来自美国？下册重要知识点梳理语法知识点1. 词类：物主代词、情态动词can和方位介词短语2. 时态：一般将来时态和一般过去时态3. 句型：特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句词类1) 物主代词：表示所属关系的代词（属于谁的）人称单 数复 数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirTheirsherhersitsits形

19、容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词：必须和名词在一起。My father, your teacher. 物主代词 名词性物主代词:相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词+名词。 This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt. 练习 （1）选择题。 （ ）1. Look at . A. him B. he C. his（ ）2. I drive to the park every day.A. they B. their C. them（ ）3. classroom is big. A. we B. us C. Our（ ）4. I love . A

20、. she B. her C. hers（ ）5. Do you know ? A. I B. my C. me（ ）6. I am son. A. they B. their C. them（ ）7. This is not _ desk. My desk is over there.A. I B. my C. me（ ）8. Can you spell _ name, Harry? Sorry.A. you B. your C. yours（ ）9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _ room.A. they B. them C. their（ ）1

21、0. We are in the same class. _ classroom is very nice.A. our B. my C. ours（ ）11. Mrs Green is my teacher. Im _ student.A. he B. his C. him（ ）12. Thats a cat. _ name is Mimi.A. It B. Its C. Its（2）用括号里的代词的适当形式填空1,Mr Yang is _(we) teacher._(him) is from Beijing. _(his) teaches_(our) English.2,Look,ther

22、e is a cat._(they) is Lilys._(it) name is Mimi.3,Let_(I) tell _(she) about_(he) life at school.4,This is _(they) room.Where is _(our)?5,Dont use the eraser._ is _(me).6,The lady under the tree is _(me) aunt._(her) often sings with _(she) husband2) 情态动词can 1.含义：表达人或物的能力，能或会2.特点：情态动词can没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动

23、词原形。3.否定形式：cannot(正式用法)cant(口语)4.句型结构： 肯定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can swim well.否定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can not swim well.一般疑问句： 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ？ Can she / they swim well? Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they cant.特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 +

24、? Why can she / they swim well? Who can swim well?练习：( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.A. must B. cant C. shouldnt( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should( )3) - you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant. A. Can B. Cant C. Should4.I can ru

25、n fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句)5. He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句） _ he _ basketball well?3) 介词 over 正上方 behind 在.后面 on At the back of. 在.里面的后面（在后部）On the left of. 在左边 On the right of. 在右边 next to 紧挨着 near 附近 in the front of 在里面的前面 under .在.正下方 （在前部） in front of.在.前面between .and .在两者之间 Lingling sits b

26、etween Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间among 在三者或三者以上之间 Miss Li is among lots of students. 李老师在许多同学之间注意：介词短语常和be动词连用。时态1) 一般将来时时间状语：in+一段时间；tomorrow；in the future; next+时间；this+时间（表示将来时间的状语） be（is,am.are） going to 的用法。含义：计划，打算做某事将来时句型结构：一般将来时 be going to+动词原形 肯定句结构：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他.否定句结构：主语+be no

27、t going to +动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：be动词提前 Be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语+be.否定回答：No，主语+be not.注意：表示计划到某地去，谓语动词go与going重复，一般只说be going to +地点.Eg:由shall和will引导的一般将来时含义：将会特点：助动词shall和will没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。shall在一般将来时中，一般用于第一人称之后。例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我们将有一节英语课。否定形式：shall notshant will notw

28、ont将来时句型结构:肯定句：主语+shall/will+do否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do（will not 可缩写成wont）一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+ do特殊疑问句：疑问词+ shall/will+主语+doEg：2) 一般过去时1 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2 标志性时间状语：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day b

29、efore yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语连用。3 动词结构：V-ed动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式：lose(丢失)-lost make(制造)-made mean(意

30、思)-meant meet(见)-met pay(付)-paid say(说)-said sell(卖)-sold send(送)-sent sit(坐)-sat sleep(睡)-slept smell(嗅)-smelt spell(拼写)-spelt spend(度过)-spent stand(站)-stood teach(教)-taughttell(告诉)-toldwin(赢)-won think(想)-thoughtunderstand(理解)-understoodbegin(开始)-began blow(吹)-blew break(打破)-broke choose(选择)-chose

31、 do(做)-did draw(画)-drew drink(喝)-drank drive(驾驶)-droveeat(吃)-ate fall(落下)-fell fly(飞)-flew forget(忘)-forgotgive(给)-gave go(去)-went grow(成长)-grew know(知道)-knewlie(躺)-lay-lain ring(按铃)-rangwrite(写)-wrote ride(骑)-rode see(看见)-saw show(出示)-showedwake(弄醒)-wokesing(唱)-sang speak(讲话)-spoke steal(偷)-stolewe

32、ar(穿)-woreswim(游泳)-swam take(拿)-took throw(扔)-threw become(成为)-became come(来)-came run(跑)-ran4. 句式变化规则：Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：（1）am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）（2）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）（3）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +

33、动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Jim went home yesterday.Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday?What did Jim do yesterday?练习：1、 填空1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _

34、have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping.4. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them.5. Im going to get up at 6:30 tom

35、orrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.2、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Tom _ (visit) a farm last week.2. The twins _ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 3. I _ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday.4.

36、 My father _ (be) in London last year.5. What_ (do) you do three days ago?6. _ (be) there any parks here in 1950?7. What_(do) you do just now? I_(wash) my clothes.3、 改写句子1. We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We _ all happy.2. I visit my grandparents every week. (用last week代替every week) _3 There were some ze

37、bras in the zoo last year. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) _四、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.2. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (wa

38、tch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.6. What _ (do) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.7. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.8. David _ (give) a puppet sho

39、w next Monday.9. I _ (plan) for my study now.句型1) 特殊疑问句。含义：以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。特殊疑问词总结：1 what 什么（职业，姓名等） what day 星期几 What day is it today? what size 多大尺码 What size are your shoes? what time =when 什么时间 what colour 什么颜色 what size 多大号2 when 什么时候 （就时间提问）3 where 什么地方（就地点提问）4 who 谁（问人的身份，姓名等）5 which 哪一个6 why 为什

40、么（就原因提问，常用because回答）7 how 怎么样 how many多少（提问可数名词数量）How many books do you have ? 多少（提问不可数名词数量）How much water is there in the glass? How much 多少钱（提问价格） How old 几岁（提问年龄）多长（提问长度）How long is this ruler? How long 这把尺子有多长？ 多长时间（时间持续多久）How long do you go to school ? 你去学校要多长时间？ How often 多久（提问频率既单位时间发生多少次） Ho

41、w soon （还要多久时间才能开始或结束）How soon will he come back ? How far （提问距离有多远） 他多久才能回来？ How heavy （提问有多重） 句型结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句 ？ Eg :Why do you like watching TV ?练习：就划线部分提问。 1He often has lunch in the factory he often lunch？ 2They will come back in a month will they come back？ 3He hurt his leg last Sunday he hur

42、t his leg ？ 4I got up at six this morning you up this morning ？ 5They were drawing a horse when I came in they when I came in ？ 6I didnt go to school because I had a bad cold you go to school？ 7Youd better take the No3 bus bus I better take？ 8Hes feeling well he feeling ？ 9The girl in a red coat is

43、my sister is your sister？ 10He comes to China once a year he to China？11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号部分提问)_?12. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句 )_?13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号部分提问 )_?14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号部分提问 )_ _ can you dial to call the police15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句