2020学年上海市浦东新区高一下学期期中考试英语试题(解析版)

1、2020高一英语阶段检测2020学年 上海市浦东新区高一下学期期中考试 英语试卷n . Grammar and Vocabulary 17%Section A 8%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for t

2、he other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The way we tell stories has naturally changed since Aristotle defined the rules of tragedy about 2,500 years ago. According to him, the role of storytelling is to i mitate life and make us feel emotions. And that' s exactly what storytellin

3、g as weknow it has done very well since then. But there is an aspect of life 1 storytelling could never really reproduce. It is the notion of choices.Choices are a very important part of our lives. Weas individuals 2 (define) by the choices we make. As an interactive writer,3(fascinate) with the ide

4、a of recreating this notion of choices in fiction, I have tried to put the audience in the shoes of the main characters.4 (explore) a way to achieve this is what I did in the past 20 years of my life.So do you have an idea of 5 my work is about as an interactive writer? Where a writer needs to deal

5、with time and space, as an interactive writer, I need to deal with time, space and possibilities. I need to think about all the possibilities 6 the characters could encounter different people and different things in a given scene and try to imagine everything that 7 二 happen.The interactive write r&

6、#39; s e xperience is very unique,8 it is the result ofthe cooperation between a writer creating this narrative landscape and the player making his own decisions, telling his own story and becoming the cowriter but also the coactor and the codirector of the story. Interactive storytelling is a revol

7、ution in the way we tell stories.【答案】1. that2. are defined3. fascinated4. Exploring5. what 6. that7. may 8. because【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了自己作为互动作家的独特经历。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：但生活中有一个方面是讲故事永远无法重现的。分析句子结构可知此处 为定语从句，主句以there be开头，先行词为物，且从句中缺少reproduce的宾语时常用that 或which引导定语从句，故填that。【2题详解】考查时态语态。句意：我们作为个体是由我们所做的选择

8、所定义的。individuals 与define之间是被动关系，且为一般情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填 are defined。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个互动的作家，我着迷于在小说中再现这种选择的概念，我试着让读者站在主要人物的立场上思考。be fascinated with 表示“着迷于”，此处去掉 be作状语，故填fascinated 。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：探索实现这一目标的方法是我过去20年里一直所做的事情。此处用动名词作主语，故填Exploring 。【5题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你知道作为互动作家我的工作是什么吗？此处为跟在of后的宾语从句，从

9、句中的about缺少宾语，故填 what。6题详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我需要考虑角色在给定场景中遇到不同的人和事的所有可能性，并试着想象可能发生的一切。分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，从句结构完整，用 that解 释说明possibilities 的内容，故填that 。【7题详解】考查情态动词。句意参考上题解析，根据句意可知此处表示“可能”，故填may.【8题详解】考查连词。句意：互动作家的经历是非常独特的，因为它是创作叙事场景的作家和做出自己的决定的玩家之间合作的结果。前后是因果关系，此处表示原因，故填becauseo坚持就是胜利！2020高一英语阶段检测Section B 9%D

10、irections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. associated B. embarrassed C. emphasis D. forgettingE. forming F. advantages G. occurs H. reliantI. stimulates J. unusualThe brain is a seemingly

11、 endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories. To allow new memories to form, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain.Previous studies have shown that learning new information can lead to 9.But in a new study, researchers showed for the first time how this effect 10 i

12、n the brain.In daily life, forgetting actually has clear 11. Imagine, for instance,that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you rememberthe new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to 12

13、 information, without oldmemories interfering.And most of us may sometimes feel 13 when old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memoryis particularly interfering.When we ge

14、t new information, the brain automatically tries to combine it with existing information by 14 associations. And when we retrieve(检索)information, both the desired and 15 but irrelevant information is recalled.The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.

15、 But current studies are beginning to put greater 16 on theconditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. Though it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare cond

16、ition often find their 17 ability troublesome. In a sense, normal forgetting mayhelp to ensure our brain doesn ' t become too full. 坚持就是胜利！2020高一英语阶段检测【答案】9. D 10. GII. F 12. H13. B 14. E15. A 16. C17. J【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在一项新的研究中，研究人员首次展示了学习新信息会导致遗忘这种效应是如何在大脑中发生的。【9题详解】句意：以前的研究表明，学习新信息会导致遗忘。可根据第二段

17、第一句得出forgetting ,表示“遗忘”，故选Do【10题详解】句意：在一项新的研究中，研究人员首次展示了这种效应是如何在大脑中发生的。根据后文可知文章介绍了遗忘是如何发生的，occur表示“发生”，故选G【11题详解】句意：在日常生活中，遗忘其实有明显的好处。根据本段末句without old memoriesinterfering. 可知，此处介绍了遗忘的好处。advantages表示“好处”，故选F。【12题详解】句意：这个过程改善了对相关信息的获取，而不受记忆的干扰。relevant表示“相关的”，故选Ho【13题详解】句意：当旧的记忆干扰新的相关记忆时，我们大多数人有时会感到尴

18、尬。embarrassed表示“尴尬的"，故选Bo【14题详解】句意：当我们获取新信息时，大脑会自动地将其和现有信息形成关联。forming表示“形成”， 故选E。【15题详解】句意：当我们检索信息时，我们想要的和相关但无关紧要的信息都会被回想起来。associated表示“相关的"，故选Ao【16题详解】句意：但目前的研究更加强调我们遗忘的条件。根据后文its importance begins to be more appreciated.可知人们越来越重视其重要性，所以用 emphasis表示“强调”，故选。 【17题详解】句意：虽然这听起来对很多人来说像一种优势，但

19、有这种罕见情况人经常会发现他们不同寻常的能力彳艮麻烦。根据后文 normal forgetting mayhelp to ensure our brain doesn' t become too full.可知不忘是一种不同寻常的能力，unusual表示“不同寻常的"，故选 J。田.Reading Comprehension 30%Section A 10%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill

20、in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In 1986, the drug companyJohnson & Johnson was faced with a crisis. Several people had died after taking Tylenol （泰诺）,a Johnson & Johnson product. The deaths were not the 18 of the company, but the work of a criminal who had pu

21、t poison in some of the Tylenol capsules （胶囊）.The criminal was later caught and punished, but19 the deaths, people stopped buying Tylenol. The management of Johnson & Johnson realized that they had to act 20 and quickly to prevent seriousconsequences for the company. Within days, in fact, they 2

22、1 every Tylenolcapsule in the United States to check for 22. Soon afterword they alsointroduced“tamperproof " bottles to prevent future problems. Sales of Tylenol23 again, and in the end, people felt that Johnson & Johnson had acted well.Not all companies respond to crisis as well as Johnso

23、n & Johnson. Some failed to realized the importance of acting responsibly and suffered a dramatic 24 insales. Consumers no longer trusted the companies.The key to managing a crisis lies in the company' s 25 reaction. If theyrecognize a problem immediately and take measures to deal with it, t

24、hey are less likely to suffer long-term consequences. Oneexample of a quick reaction was that of the Pepsi Company in 1992, when hypodermic syringes（皮下注射器） were found in several sodacans. In a short time, the company was able to prove that the syringes had nothing to do with the production process,

25、and they also found the criminals who had put the syringes in the cans. 26, they lost few customers. On the other hand, Wendy sfast-food company 27 millionsof dollars in 2004 because it tried to deny bad18. A. featureB. decisionC. faultD. solution19. A. in favor of20. A. decisively21. A. avoided22.

26、A. changing23. A. picked up24. A. effect25. A. temporary26. A. In addition27. A. lostB. in response toB. happilyB. involvedB. poisoningB. settled downB. mistakeB. reverseB. As a resultB. gatheredC. in return forC. fortunatelyC. recalledC. abandoningC. came outC. objectionC. initialC. For exampleC. m

27、aintainedD. in honor ofD. readilyD. practicedD. cheatingD. hung outD. dropD. conditionalD. By contrastD. investednews and did not act quickly enough.坚持就是胜利!23. A 24. D 25. C 26.【答案】18. C 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. BB 27. A本文是一篇说明文，以强生公司处理泰诺胶囊引起的死亡事件说明解决危机的关键是公司的第 一反应。【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. feature 特征；B. dec

28、ision 决定； C. fault 过错；D. solution解决办法。根据本空ZlJUmompany, but the work of a criminal who had put poisonin some of t he Tyle”可知，死亡事件不是强生公司的过错，而是一个罪犯在-些泰诺胶囊里下毒:项正确【19题详解】考查介词短语辨析。AHUaH|f支持；B. in response to回应；C. in return for 作 为对的报答；D. HHHH向致敬。根据本空后的“ the deaths, people stoppedbuying Tylen ol. ”死亡事件的回应，

29、人们不再购买泰诺，故B项正确。【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。AmHH|l果断地；B. happily快乐地；C. fortunately幸运 地；D. readily 容易“and quickly to prevent serious consequences forthe company.严重后果，故A项正确。 【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. avoided 避免；B. involved 牵涉；C. recalled 召回；D. practiced 练习。根据本空后的 “ every Tylenol capsule in the United States tocheck for 5

30、. ”可知，强生公司召回在美国的每一粒泰诺胶囊检查是否下毒，故C项正确。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。 A. changing 改变；B. poisoning 下毒；C. abandoning 放弃；D. cheating 欺骗。上文说死亡事件是一个罪犯在一些泰诺胶囊里下毒造成的，所以强生公司召回在美国的每一粒泰诺胶囊检查是否下毒，故 B项正确。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. picked up 回升； B. settled down 安定下来； C. came out 出版；D. hung out 挂断。根据本空后的 “ and in the end, people felt tha

31、t Johnson & Johnson had acted well. ”可知，人们认为强生表现得很好，由此可知，泰诺的销量再次回升，故 A 项正确。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. effect 影响； B. mistake 错误；C. objection 反对；D. drop 下 降。根据本空后的“ Consumers no longer trusted the companies. ” 可知，消费者不再信任 这些公司，由此可知，这些公司的销量大幅下降，故 D项正确。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. temporary 临时的； B. reverse 相反的； C. in

32、itial 最初 的； D. conditional 有条件的。根据本空前的 “ The key to manag ing a crisis lies in the company ' s”可知，解决危机的关键是公司的第一反应，故C项正确。【26题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. In addition 另外； B. As a result 结果；C. For example 例如； D. By contrast相比之下。根据本空后的“ they lost few customers. ”可知，结果，他们失去的客户很少，故B项正确。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. lost 失去；B.

33、 gathered 收集；C. maintained 维持；D. invested 投 资。 根据本空后的 “ millions of dollars in 2004 because it tried to deny bad news and did not act quickly enough. ”可知，Wendy快餐公司在2004年损失了数百万美元，因为它试图否认坏消息，而且行动也不够迅速，故A项正确。【点睛】对熟词生义的考查是完形的一大难点，本篇第 4题，很多同学只知道recall有“回 忆”之意，但在止匕处表示“召回”,如， The company recalled all the d

34、efective cars. 这家公司召回了所有的问题车辆；第6题，pick up有“捡起”之意，但在此处表示“回升”，如,After the improvement, the sales of this kind of equipment picked up.经过改 良后，这种设备的销量回升了。Section B 12%Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the

35、re are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Life in DangerLucy, aged 15, lives in Bournemout h with her parents. Her parents aren ' t poor, and she was at a private school when she started getti

36、ng bullied. This made her very unhappy and she began to misbehave. She madesome new friends who went clubbing a lot. Later she even took drug and stole moneyto buy drug. Her parents were so worried about their daughter and so angry about her behavior that they decided to send Lucy to Turn-About Ranc

37、h (TAR), a tough camp for problem teens in Utah, in the USA.Lucy didn ' t like the idea of going to the ranch (牧场)in Utah, but after spending three months there, she ' s changed her attitude. She said,“The staff at T AR caredabout our emotional well-being but they also wanted us to be discip

38、lined and respect the rules. They told us not to take any drugs, not even tobacco or alcohol, and they made us get up at 6.30 a.m. every day and to school work as well as jobs around the ranch. TAR is a real, working ranch with cows and horses, which we had to take care of.At TAR they asked us not t

39、o wear make-up or jewelry or use hair products. They told us that teenagers with problems often use a cool appearance as a mask to hide behind and that they needed to break down those barriers to help us look inside at the confusion which causes our problem behavior. They also wanted us to takerespo

40、nsibility for all our actions.Her time there has madeher more self-confident, less aggressive and muchhappier. She s started a college course, she ' s got a part - time job, and she ' s also doing voluntary work helping underprivileged children.She hasn' t taken any drugs sinceshe left T

41、AR. Lucy says, “TAR made me think very hard about the friends I usedtosee and where my life was going. I realized that the drugs were starting to become the only thing in my life that I cared about, which meant I stopped enjoying other things and treated people badly. I ought to have realized that,

42、and I know Ishouldn' thave done a lot of things that I did. The ranch has really opened my eyes. They told meto believe I could achieve something with mylife, and from now on I want to try. ” 28. What problem at school started to change Lucy ' s behavior?A. That she made some new friends.B.

43、That she was studying in a private school.C. That she stole money to buy drug.D. That she was bullied at school.29. Why does TAR have rules about appearance?A. They have to do schoolwork at TAR.B. They are supposed to take care of the animals at the ranch.C. Cool appearance is the barrier to reflect

44、ion on one' s inner self.D. Keeping cool appearance takes much time and money30. How does Lucy feel about the future now?A. Upset.B. Confused.C. Fair.D. Hopeful.【答案】28. D 29. C 30. D【解析】I本文是-篇记叙文，讲述了针对问题少年的TARM令营让问题少年lUUJt恶习，对生活充【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第段中的 “ and she was at a private school when she star

45、ted getting bullied. This made her very unhappy and she began to misbehave.“ 可知，在学校受至U 欺凌改变了 Lucy的行为，故D项正确。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “ At TAR they asked us not to wear make-up or jewelry oruse hair products.They told us that teenagers with problems often use a cool appearance as a mask to hide behind and

46、 that they needed to break down those barriers to helpus look inside at th e confusion which causes our problem behavior. ” 可知， 问题少年 经常用酷炫的外表作为掩饰，他们要打破这些障碍，帮助我们审视导致问题行为的困惑，由此可知，TAR对外表有规定是因为酷炫的外表是一个人反省内在自我的障碍，故 C项正确。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “ They told meto believe I could achieve something with my life

47、, and from now on I wa nt to try. ”可知，他们告诉我要相信我的人生能有所成就， 从现在开始我要努力，由此可知，Lucy对未来充满希望，故D项正确。【点睛】涉及到观点态度的推理判断题难度较大，文章一般不会直接表明人物的观点态度，但我们可以通过人物所说的话来揣摩其态度，例如本篇第3题，根据最后一段中Lucy所说的话“They told me to believe I could achieve something with my life, and from now on Iwant to try. ”可知，他们告诉我要相信我的人生能有所成就，从现在开始我要努力，

48、特别是“I want to try ”表明Lucy对未来充满希望。(B)After I was married and had lived in Japan for a while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband and his friends and family. And I began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would loo

49、k surprised, and the conversational topic would come to a stop. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong.But for a long time, I didn ' t know what it was.Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my probl

50、em was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way.A Western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, I don ' t expect you simply to

51、 agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add something-a reason for agreeing, another example, or a detailed explanation to carry the idea further. But I don ' t expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely disagree with me. Whether you agr

52、ee or disagree, your response will return the ball to me.A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball.It ' s like bowling. You wait for your turn. And you always know your place in line.It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close frie

53、nd or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on.When your turn comes, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball andcarefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, murmuring encouragement. Everyone waits until the ball has

54、reached the end of the alley（球场）and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your score.Then, after everyone is sure that you have completely finished your turn, the next person in line steps up to the same start

55、ing line, with a different ball. He doesn ' t return your ball, and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns. There is no rush, no scramble for the ball.If you have been trained all your life to play one game, it is no simple matterto swi

56、tch to another, even if you know the rules. Knowing the rules is not at all the same thing as playing the game.31. The author makes all of the following arguments EXCEPT that.A. Japanese-style conversations are like bowling.B. western-style conversations are like tennis or volleyballC. in Japanese-s

57、tyle conversations, you must wait your turn to speakD. western-style conversations are longer than Japanese-style conversations32. The author ' s purpose in writhing this article is to.A. instructB. entertainC. jokeD. criticize33. The main idea of the article is.A. people talk differently in Jap

58、an than in the WestB. it ' s important to ta ke part in conversationsC. talking with someone from another country proves difficultD. it ' s rude to interrupt someone who is speaking 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者结合自己的切身经历谈论了日式的谈话和西式的谈话的不同之 处，由此告诉我们与来自另一个国家的人交谈是困难的。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “ AJapanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It ' s like bowling. You wait for your turn.” 可知，