大学物理学：第四章 热力学第一定律

1、PViPiVifPfVfSPePePPSxdxS0dxPSdxSdxPdAedAdAdVPdVdA 21VVPdVA12lnVVRTA)(12VVPA0dV0AdAdEdQ0dQ0dQPdVdEdQTQCT0limdTdQPdVdAdAdEdQmCCmcC mPC,PcPCmVC,VcVC0dVTQCVTV)(lim0TEVT)(lim0dTdECVV)(dEdQV)(VTE)(dAdEdQ),(VTEETmQcVTV)(lim0VTe)(VmmVTEC)(,VVmcC mVC,),(VTEE )(TEE RTi2dTdECVRi2RiCmV2,)()()(00TTCTETEVTQCPTP)(

2、lim0dTdQP)(PdTdQ)(PdTdAdE)(PdTPdVdE)(PdVdA PPmcC mPPCC,dAdEdQRCCVPRCCmVmP,Ri) 12(VPCCii21)(TEE RTPVPPdTPdVdEC)(VPCCdTCdEmV ,PdVdTCdQmV,RCCmVmP,VdPPdVRdTVdPdTCdQmP,21TTVmdTCQ)(212TTRi等体吸热过程等体吸热过程ABPV00QPdVdTCdQmV,E0dVVdPdTCdQmP,0dP21,TTmPdTCQdTCdQmP,RCCmVmP,PV0AB等压吸热过程等压吸热过程0Q)(12VVPE)(12TTRE)(2121,T

3、TTTmVRdTdTCQAB0dE21VVPdVQ12lnVVRTPV0等温吸热过程等温吸热过程0QPdVdQ PdVdEdQPdVdA dTCPdVmV ,0dQdEdAdTCdEmV ,dTCPdVmV ,RdTVdPPdV)(,VdPPdVRCPdVmVVdPCPdVRCmVmV,)(VdPCPdVCmVmP,VdPCPdVCmVmP,mVmPCC,0VdVPdP.constPV.constPV.1constTP.1constTV23,RCmV3525,RCmV57.constPV .constPVVPVPS)(VPVPT)(PVOABC)(常数CPVnmmVmnPdVdTCdTC,nm

4、mVmnTVPCC)(,nmmVmnTVPCC)(,0) 1(21mnmnmdVTVndTVTVnTVmnm11)(RTPVm1,nRCCmVmn)1(,nnCmV)(1常数CTVnmVPgb2P1P1V2V常数1PV)1(,nnCCmVmn)(12,TTCQmn)(1(12,TTnnCmV)(312TTR21TTPdTMcQ2111TTPdTcTTM)ln(1211TTcTMP)(238. 0KgcalcPkgVM5 .331JQ51044. 6aPatm510013. 1133101ml)(lVabcd1122330)(atmPadEEE)(2adTTRiM)(2aaddVPVPi0)(l

5、Vabcd1122330)(atmP)(abaPVVPAJ304bcbTVVRTMAlnbcbbVVVPlnJ2460VAVTPAAAAJ550AEQJ550)(lVabcd1122330)(atmPaPatm510013. 1133101mlPVIKJDB0IQIAEJJAEQJIAA 0KKAEQKIAA 0PVOCDHB0V02V0HBEHDHCHBAAA0HCE0HDEHDHCHBAAAAEQHDHCHBQQQ0HBE)(12,TTCEmV12TT PVOCDHB0V02VHHBBVTVTHBTT2HHBTTTDDHHTVTV11HDTT1)21(HHDTTTHBHDTTTT)(12,

6、TTCEmVPVOCDHB0V02VVPabtgVPmtgVPVPabtgVPmmmVmPdVdTCdTC,dTdVPCCmmVm,RTPVmtgRTVm2PRdTdVm22,RCCmVm27RmmmVdVVRTdTCaTdT,aTdTdQCmPdVdEdQmmVVmmmVVdVRTdTCadT,AVRTCaTmmVlnln,常量RaTRCmeTVmV ,mmmVdVVRTdTCaTdT,3310 mPa410ab31515h57102105VPRVVT2751051023310 mPa410ab31515heRVVT2751051020dVdT33102mVh)1(,nnCCmVmnn0,m

7、nC n10,mnCn0,mnC3310 mPa410ab31515heeeVVSVPVPe)(7105)(dVdP3557102105VP33105 . 2mVe3310 mPa410ab31515heVPGBCD0EVPGBCD1QA21QQA121QQPVODBC1V2V1P2PCDDBQQQ1)(ln,12CDmVDTTCVVRT)(,2BCmPTTCQ)(272212VPVP)(25ln121112111VPVPVVVPQ)(ln,121CDmVDTTCVVRTQPVODBC1V2V1P2PPVODBC1V2V1P2P)(25ln)(27121112111222PPVVVVPVPVP121QQ)(2722122VPVPQ)(25ln121112111VPVPVVVPQ2T1TabcdPVO21TT 1Tabcd2TPVO2QabVVRTQln11cdVVRTQln221Q121QQabdcCVVTVVT/ln/ln112abVVRTQln11cdVVRTQln221Tabcd2TPVO2Q1QabdcCVVTVVT/ln/ln1121211cbVTVT1211daVTVTdcabVVVV121TTC1Q2Q21QQW1Tabcd2TPVO2Q1Q121TTC1212TTQQ21QQA1Q2Q A2AQ212QQQ212TTTC1T2Qab