高中英语 专题11祈使句和反意疑问句的基本结构和用法复习教案

1、专题十一 祈使句和反意疑问句的基本结构和用法一、考点回顾1. 祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如： Take this seat. 坐这儿。 Do be careful. 务必小心。 否定结构：例如： Don't move. 不准动。 Don't be late. 不要迟到。2）第二种祈使句以let开头。 Let 的反意疑问句： a. Let's 包括说话者。例如： Let's have another try, shall we / sh

2、an't we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？ b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如： Let us have another try，will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗？ 否定结构：例如： Let's not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。 Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事 3）常考句型 祈使句+and/or/otherwi

3、se+将来时 Study hard and youll succeed2. 反意疑问句 1）陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I。例如： I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗？2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如：I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？3）陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑

4、问部分用肯定含义。例如：Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？4）含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。例如： He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？5）陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。例如： We have to ge

5、t there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？6）陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。例如： He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？7）陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? 例如： You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

6、 你最好自己去读，好吗？8）陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。例如： He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？9）陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。例如： You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗？10） 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如： He

7、 must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生，是吗？ You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语，对吗？ He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？11） 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。例如： What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗？12） 陈述部分由neither nor, either

8、 or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？13） 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如： Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪，是吗？14） 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several ti

9、mes, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he? 史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？ b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如： He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？ c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如： I don't th

10、ink he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明，是吗？ We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？15） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。例如： Everyone knows the answer, don't they?（does he?） 人人都知道答案，是这样吧？ Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?） 没人知

11、道这件事，是吧？16） 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need （dare ） +主语。例如： We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗？ He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？ 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如： She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？17） 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。例如： Don't do th

12、at again, will you? 别再这样做，好吗？ Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧，好吗？注意：Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? 例如： Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐，好吗？ Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？18） 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部

13、分用there省略主语代词。例如： There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有问题，对不对？ There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧，是吗？19） 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如： It is impossible, isn't it? 这不可能，是吗？ He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？20） must在表"推测"时，根据

14、其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如： He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？ It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨，是吗？二、经典例题剖析1. （2007 北京卷） When youve finished with that book,dont forget to put it back one the shelf,_?A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you 解析：当你读完这本书，别忘了把他放回书架上，好吗？省

15、去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。 答案：C 点评：本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句用法。2. （2007 上海春） If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good, ? Ado youBdont youCis it Disnt it 解析：如果你说话有礼貌，人们就会听你。如果你大声喊叫，不好的，对吗？陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 答案：C 点评：本题考查反意疑问句的一个简单规

16、则。3. (2006全国卷)We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter,_. A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we 解析：我们忘记带票了，请让我们进去好吗？省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you答案：C 点评：本题考查祈使句的反意疑问句用法4. (2006福建卷) Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _?A. hadnt you B. wouldnt you C. arent I D. didnt sh

17、e解析：我肯定你更乐意让他乘公交车对吗？陈述部分主句为第一人称谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagin,be sure , 引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句答案：B. 点评：5.(2006 广东卷)Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, _ she? A. had B. did C. hadn't D. didn't解析：萨拉几天前请人修了洗衣机，是吗？根据关键词had her washing machine repaire

18、d the day before yesterday可知应用一般过去时。答案：A 点评：本题考查反意疑问句一般用法6.（西安二检）Tom ,you go and pick up Mary from the station, ? - But shes already got home.2007A don'tt you B do you C will you D shall you 解析：-Tom，你去车站接Mary好吗？-但她已经到家了啊。祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you答案：C 点评：本题考查带主语祈使句的反意疑问句用法7.（2007辽宁卷）Help others whe

19、never you can_ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. and B. or C. unless D. but解析：无论你什么时候帮助别人，那么你就会使世界变的更加和谐美好。祈使句+and/or/otherwise+将来时答案：A. 点评：固定结构表达8. （2005辽宁卷）Follow your doctors advice, _ your cough will get worse. Aor BandCthenDso解析：听医生的建议，否则你的咳嗽将变的更坏。祈使句+and/or/otherwise+将来时答案：A

20、 点评：固定结构表达三、方法总结与2008年高考预测（一）方法总结1. 祈使句的判断根据说话着的语气，而不是它的结构。更要注意它的固定结构。2.反意疑问句是在陈述句后边加上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的内容提出相反的疑问,这种句子就叫作反意疑问句。反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问,也可以表示提问人的倾向、强调或反问。如果陈述句是肯定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用否定式;反之,如果陈述句是否定句时,后边的反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。陈述句和后边的反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要保持一致。（二）2008年高考预测1. 祈使句的判断2. 祈使句固定结构3. 反意疑问句一般用法及特殊用法四

21、、强化训练单项选择题1. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,? A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 2. help if you can,and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. Lucy,you wash the dishes, ? Mom,cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it. A. dont you B. can

22、 you C. shall you D. will you4. You ought to stay up late tonight, you? Yes. Ive got too much homework. A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont5. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,? A. can it B. cant it C. can they D. cant they6. There used to be a church in the small town,? A

23、. used thereB. usednt there C. used it D. usednt it7. Its really very dangerous. One more step,the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and 8. Helen must obey her parents. Oh,she must, ? A. must she B. mustnt she C. shouldnt she D. should she 9. John must be in the chemistry lab, ? A.

24、 mustnt he B. neednt he C. isnt he D. shouldnt he 10. Try to retell the story in your own words. _ afraid to make mistakes.A. Not to be B. Dont C. No beD. Dont be. C B D B A B D A C D创新试题 歼灭难点训练1. Its a fine day, Lets go fishing, _?A. wont weB. will weC. dont weD. shall we2. Frank is working late again. This is the first time this week hes had to study late, _?A. isnt heB. hasnt itC. hasnt heD. isnt it3. Daddys forgot to post the letter again, _?  Im afraid he _. A. has; hasB. isnt; isC. hasnt; hasD. has; hasnt4. Sorry, Im not feeling well and I dont think I