2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解(1)(I)

1、2019-2020 年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解（1） 科普知识（阅读理解） 由（xx新课标全国I ,B）改编 The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert （警觉）.Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card

2、 and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze（ 凝视）starts to lose its focus un til a third,with three black spots,is prese nted.Her gaze retur ns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Ca n she tel

3、l that the nu mber two is differe nt from three,just 24 hours after ing into the world? Or do n ewbor ns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experime nt,but with three spots show n before two,shows the same retur n of in terest whe n the nu mber of spots cha nges.Perhaps it is just the newn ess? W

4、hen slightly older babies were show n cards with pictures of objects（a b,a key,an orange and so on）,changing the number of objects had an effect separate from cha nging the objects themselves.Could it be the patter n that two things make,as opposed to three? No aga in .Babies paid more atte nti on t

5、o squares movi ng ran domly on a scree n whe n their nu mber cha nged from two to three,or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited whe n they the n heard three drumbeats tha n whe n they heard just two;likewise（ 同样地）when the

6、researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 1. The exper iment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby s _ . A. se nse of heari ng B.se nse of sight C.se nse of touch D.se nse of smell 2. Babies are sen sitive to the cha nge in _ . A. the size of cards B. the colour of pictures C.

7、 the shape of patter ns D. the nu mber of objects 3. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?( ) A. To reduce the difficulty of the experime nt. B. To see how babies recog nize soun ds. C. To carry their experime nt further. D. To keep the babies interest. 4. Where does this text prob

8、ably e from?( ) A. Scie nee fiction. B. Children s literature. C. A n advertiseme nt. D. A scie nee report. 语篇解读：本文为说明文。研究人员通过一系列试验 ，检验婴儿对数量变化的敏感程度 ，发 现当数量发生变化时，婴儿会变得更加兴奋。 答案及剖析:1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的She stares at it carefully. ”和 “Her gaze returns ”可知，该试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉 (sense of sight) 。 2. D 细节理解题。根据 第一段中

9、 的 “until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. ”可知，当图片上物体的数量发生变化时 ，婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍。由此可知 ， 婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。 3. C 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知 ，研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式 ，是为了更深 入地进行研究。故选 C 项。 4. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等 ，因此本文可能 来

10、自于一份科学报告。故选 D 项。 【长难句子分析】 EQLLares men. Lng rands mly 口 n as creen 当正方形上的数字由两个变成三个或由三个变成两个时 ，婴儿就更多地注意屏幕上任意移动 的正方形。 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 【xx 江西临川一中压轴考试】 Since we are social beings ， the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of

11、 the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful （ 有压力的） con diti on s.Social support con sists of the excha nge of resources among people based on their in terpers onal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with

12、major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live Ion ger and have better health tha n those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses ， from depression to heart disease ， show that the presenee of social support helps people defend themselves against illness ，and the

13、 absenee of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First ， friends ， relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us.Our self-respect is stre ngthe ned whe n we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second

14、， other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find soluti ons to them.Third ， we typically find social panion ship supportive.Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time d

15、istracting （ 转移注意力 ）us from our worries and troubles. Fin ally ， other people may give us in strume ntal support money aid， material resources ， and needed services that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems. 1. _ In terpers onal relati on ships are importa nt because they

16、can _ . A. deal with life changes B. smooth away daily problems C. make people live more easily D. cure types of illnesses 2. The researches show that people s physical and mental health _ . A. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others B. lies in the social medical care systems

17、which support them C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions ”？ A takes place of B makes up of C lessens the effect of D gets

18、 rid of 4 Helping a sick neighbor with somerepair work in spare time is an example of_ A instrumental support B informational support C social panionship D the st rengthening of self-respect 5 What is the subject discussed in the text? A Effects of stressful conditions. B Kinds of social support. C

19、Ways to deal with stress. D Interpersonal relationships. 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了我们是社会性的动物，所以我们的生活质量 很大程度上取决于人际关系。 1解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ to deal with major life changes and daily problems.Studies over types of illnesses ” 可知， A、B D 三项的内容只是问题的一部 分，都比较片面。 答案： C 2解析： 细节理解题。 researches 和 studies 都是研究的意思，根据第一

20、段的最后一句话 中“ Studies over types of illnesses ， from depression to heart disease ， show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness ， and the absenee of such support makes poor health more likely. ”可知 A 项正确。 B、C 两项在 文中没有提及，而 D 选项只提到了 life cha nges ，内容太片面。 答案： A 3解

21、析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“ .the presence of social support he lps people defend themselves against. ”可知，画线词所在句子的句意为：社会支持以许多 方式减轻压力。 take place of 代替； make up of 构成，组成； lessen the effect of 减少 影响，免受影响； get rid of 摆脱，除掉，去掉。 答案： C 4解析： 细节理解题。 在最后一段中， 作者给出了几种不同的 support 。第一种是“ friends ， relatives and co-worker

22、s may let us know that they value us. ”即从朋友、亲戚和同 事那获得的支持； 第二种是“ other people often provide us with informational support. ” 即别人为我们提供的信息帮助和支持；第三种是“ we typically find social panionship supportive.Taking part in free-time activities with others. 得到的支持或帮助；最后一种是“ other people may give us instrumental sup

23、port ”即别 人给我们提供的实质性支持。 答案： C 5解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“ Since we are social beings ， the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. ”可知， D 项 正确。 答案： D。 阅读理解。阅读下列短文 , 从给的四个选项 （A 、B、C 和 D） 中, 选出最佳选项。 （XX 威海高考模拟） A dentist s office may not be everyone s idea of a perfec

24、t holiday destination.But a growing number of Europeans are travelling abroad for medical treatment to save money，or maybeto bine a visit to the doctor with some sightseeing ，creating a potential but fast-growing market for traditional tour operators. “ It was simply cheaper for me to go to a dentis

25、t in Hungary ，” said a 42-year-old physical therapist from Berlin.He chose the clinic near Budapest from an Internet advertisement ，attracted by hundreds of euros in savings pared with the same treatment in Germany.He was happy to find when he got there that the clinic was clean ， the staff qualifie

26、d and the work thorough. People travel abroad for medical treatment for various reasons ：it s cheaper ， they face a long wait at home ， or the treatment they want is not available in their own country.The British-based Medical Tourist pany refers about 100 patients a year to hospitals in India for t

27、reatments.And Chief EXecutive Premhar Shah reports rapid growth in demandfrom customers in Africa ， where it can be harder to find well-equipped medical facilities for pleX surgeries. Some patients who have immigrated may prefer to return to be close to their families when they undergo surgery. “Peo

28、ple will want to take the opportunit y to seek treatment in places where they have relatives who might be able to look after them.I m seeing 即社会关系或友情中 that especially with younger people from eastern Europe ，” said a professor at the University of OXford. For some ， there is the attraction of free t

29、reatme nt abroad.British law-makers have called for tighter checks on patients arriving for treatment ， out of concerns that foreign citizens are travelling to Britain to take advantage of the free service. The global medical tourism market is believed to be worth $40 billion to $60 billion and grow

30、ing at about 20 percent per year. 1 The 42-year-old physical therapist was satisfied with _ in Hungary. A the price instead of the service B the service instead of the price C both the price and the service D neither the price nor the service 2Howmany reasons are mentioned to explain why people go abroad for medical treatment? A Four. B Five. C Six. D Seven. 3 According to the article ， _ for medical treatment. A more Africans want to travel abroad B more Europeans want to travel to Africa C more Britons want to travel to India D no one would e to Great