语法专项六时态

1、语法专项六 时态（Tenses）一、 一般现在时态 （ the Present Tense）1. 一般现在时行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化，其他人称动词均用原形。单数第三人称动词变化：多数在动词后加slikelikes 以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加esgogoeswash-washes,以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加esflyfliesstudystudies以元音字母+y结尾，直接加s say-says playplays buy-buys2. 一般现在时动词be和 have的变化形式动词Be 叫连系动词。 连系动词be的用法：除了第一人称单数用am，和第

2、三人称单数用is以外，其它人称用are。 I am busy. You are busy. He (She) is busy. We (You, They) are busy.动词have的用法：除了第三人称单数用has以外，其它人称一律用have。如: I have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen. We (You, They) have pens.3. 一般现在时的句型.肯定句构成：主语+动词 (看主语人称) +其它成分 I have a dog. We like the little cat. She sings well.否定句构成：

3、 行为动词的否定句：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分 We dont like the little cat.(借助于助动词do) She doesnt sing well. He doesnt have a dog.(借助于助动词does).一般疑问句： A.行为动词的一般疑问句：助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分 Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I dont . Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesnt. B. 动词B

4、E 的一般疑问句Am / Is /Are +主语 + 其它成分 Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they the students of your school? Yes they are / No they arent.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 How many students are there in your school? What do you usually do on Sunday?4一般现在时的用法.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：every day/year(month,

5、 week, Monday), always/usually/often/sometimes, at 5 oclock, on SundaysHe gets up at six oclock every day.She smokes too much.I telephone to my parents once a week.表达客观真理，科学事实。Three and four makes seven.the earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.在格言或名言警句中。Pride goes before a f

6、all. 骄必败。Actions speak louder than words.事实用于雄辩。.表示现在的状态、性格、个性。I dont want more, thanks.He is a good student. He is always ready to help others.5.一般现在时的其他用法一般现在时表将来含有arrive, leave, start, begin等动词的一般现在时表将来。表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Their train arrives at 7 on Wednesday morning The school bus leaves at eight

7、. Our Christmas party begins at six thirty this evening.一般现在时表进行句型：Here comes； There goesE.g.: Look, here comes Mr. Brown. 二、一般过去时态 （the Past Tense）I.概念过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等； 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。L

8、i Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。时状: 1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening) 2. the day before yesterday 3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世纪） 4. ago 5.in 1980 (过去年份） 6.this morning/afternoon/evening 7.when引导的状语从句 （过去） 8.in the past 9.just now 10

9、.the other day - a few days ago 11.at the age of 10 (过去年龄段） 12.in the old daysII.构成(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，加-d。如：live-lived。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。 末尾是元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接加-ed。如：stay-stayed(2)不规则的

10、动词过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。watched TV, washed clothes, played football, cleaned the room, visited grandparents, went to a park, went swimming, read a book, went fishing, went hiking, learned Chinese, sang and danced, took pictures, climbed a mou

11、ntain, ate good food, bought presents, rowed a boat, saw elephants, went skiing, went ice-skating III. 一般过去时的几种句型肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。 否定句结构为：主语+did not (didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：He didn't go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。一般疑问句结构为：Did+主语动词原形

12、其它？如：1) -Did you go to Beijing last week?-Yes, we did. (No, we didn't.)2) -Did you meet the businessman before?-No, I didn't. (Yes, I did.)特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词did+主语动词原形其它？如：1) -What did you do last night?-I did my homework.2) -Where did you go last week?-I went to Shanghai with my parents.几点注意：在谈到已

13、死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。 Lei Feng was a good soldier.表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时， I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 （因为在说话时，我已经知道你

14、在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 （这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）三、一般将来时态（the Future Tense）四、现在进行时态 (the Continuous Tense)一般过去时的练习一、将下列动词变成过去式。 1.clean _  2. wash _  3. watch _ 

15、0;4. visit _  5.play _ 6.  cook _  7.climb _ 8. row _ 9.learn_ 10.read_ 11. go _  12.do  _  13.study_  14. have_  15.sing_ 16. dance_&#

16、160; 17. see _  18.take _  19. eat  _  20. buy _  21. fly _ 22.leave _ 23. get _ 22. am / is _ 22. are _ 23.swim_I.用所给的动词的适当形式填空。He _(v

17、isit) the Great Wall last year.2.We_(have) a good time yesterday.3.We often _(go) to school by bus last year.4.I _(live)in the village when I was a child.5.Mike_(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.6.Sam_ (do) the housework yesterday.7._(do) you _(enjoy) yourself yesterday?8._(do)you _(pla

18、y) the violin in the artroom yesterday?No, I didn't. I_(draw)some pictures there.9. I _ (eat) a big pizza yesterday.10.There_ (be) many sheep on the farm last year.11. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.12. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.13. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (g

19、o)14. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?15. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.II.选择填空(     ) 1. She watered the flowers _.          A  tomorrow   B  sometimes   C  yesterday m

20、orning (     ) 2.What _  Mike do last weekend ?   A  do      B  does      C  did(     ) 3. I _ my room last Sunday.    A  cleaned   B  clean

21、  C  am  cleaning(     ) 4. I often help my mother _  housework.         A  does       B  did          C  do   

22、0;     (     ) 5. _ you _ TV last night .         A  Do, watch   B  Did, watch    C  Did, watched(     ) 6.-Did  your father write an e-mail  yes

23、terday ？          A  Yes, he did.  B Yes, he  does   C No, he dont(     ) 7.They _  on  a trip in February ,2007.         A  are going    B

24、going        C went(     ) 8.Were going to _ mountains  tomorrow .         A  climb       B climbed      C climbing(    

25、 ) 9. _ he _ football two days ago?         A  Does , play   B Did , played   C Did , play(     ) 10.-Good afternoon, Miss Lee. How does Mike feel?         -Hes tired . He _ a

26、 lot of work _ .         A does , this morning  B do , this morning C did , this morning句型转换。 1. I bought presents on my holiday.  (变成一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。) _ 2. She went skiing last

27、60;Monday.  (变成一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。) _ 3. We climbed a mountain last Sunday. (对画线部分提问。) _ 4. He went to Beijing on my holiday. (对画线部分提问。) _ 5. I went there by train

28、. (对画线部分提问。) _一.用词的适当形式填空。1.What time_ his father_(do) the work?2.He _(get) up at five oclock.3._ you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4.What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?5.Tom _ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she _( watch ) TV with her parents.8. _ Mike_( read ) English every day?9.How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?10.We often_ ( play ) football in the playground.二