外研版-英语-八上-外研八上Module8Accidents知识讲解及练习

1、Module 8 Accidents词汇稱讲1 appear(1) appear表示“岀现，露面：到达”时，是不及物动词，因此既不能后接宾语，也不能用 于被动语态。A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain.雨后天空出现彩虹。(2) 表示“似乎，好像”，是连系动词，其后可接形容词、名词、不泄式等作表语。He appears (to be) quite rich 他似乎相当富有。He appears to be living in the area他似乎就住在这一带。It appears a true story它似乎是一个真实的故事。(3) 在it

2、 appears后可接that从句或as if从句。It appears that he forgot to sign the lette匚他似乎忘记在信上署名了。It appears that he has been waiting a long time=He appears to have been waiting a long time看来他已经等了很久了It appears as if she's lost mterest in her job.看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣。2 happenhappen是不及物动词，它的用法有：(1)表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用stl

3、i. + happened +时间/地点“这一结构，此时主语 应该是物。例如：The story happened in 2008.这个故事发生在 2008 年。An accident happened in that street那条街上发生了一起事故。 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)"要用“sth. + happened + to sb “这一结构。例如：A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她岀了 车祸。What happened to you?你怎么啦？(3)表示"某人碰巧做某事"要用"

4、;sb. + happened + to do sth "这一结构。例如：I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。【拓展】happen和take place的辨析:(1) happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生"。例如：What happened to him?他岀了什么事？(2) take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的 意思，即“计划发生二例如：The party took pla

5、ce yesterday evening.昨晚举办 了晚会。【注意】Jhappen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。3. hit(1) hit作动词时可以是及物动词或不及物动词。表示“打击；击中”，如果强调“击中某人某个部位“可以ffl4utsb.mthe+人体某部位”。例如:The bullet hit the police officer in the shoulder.子弹射中了警官的肩膀。表示“使碰到：撞击3主要作及物动词。例如：Television has hit the cinema industry very hard.电视的出现沉重地打击了 电影业。 表示“(主

6、意、念头等)突然被想到“。例如：The idea hit me when I woke up this morning我今天早晨醒来时突然想到了这个主意。表示“袭击；使受害“，通常作及物动词。例如：Strike waves hit several Western European countries罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。(2) hit作需词，表示“轰动一时的成功的人或事：风靡一时的作品”。例如：The song was a hit at once and its recording tape rose to No.l on the bestseller list.这首歌曲立刻风靡一时

7、，它的录音带跃登畅销带榜首。make a hit (with sb.)大获成功；很受(某人)欢迎。4. attentionattention是不可数乞词，意为“注意力；注意“，可作及物动词或介词的宾语。例如：The children give attention to the teacher.孩子们将注意力集中在老师那里。We listened with attention to what he said我们注意倾听他说话。【拓展】常用固左搭配：pay attention to意为"注意"，attention前可以加修饰词alittle/some/much/close/no

8、等。to后接名词、代词或动名词例如：Please pay attention to what I am saying.请注意我所说的话。You should pay attention to your handwriting.你应该注意你的书写。We should pay much attention to our pronunciation我们应该多加注意我们的发音。As students, they should pay more attention to their habits of studying.作为学生，他们应该更加注意他们的学习习惯。They pay little atten

9、tion to their spelling他们几乎不注意拼写问题。5. painpain是可数需词，意为“疼：痛”。常用固左结构为：have a pain in/ on + the +身体部位。意 为“身体某部位痛"。例如：I have a pain in the ami.我胳膊痛。【拓展】表示人体某部位“痛”时的其他几种结构：(1) have a +身体部位洛词后加achc构成。例如：have a headache 头痛have a toothache 牙痛have a stomachache 胃痛(2) have a sore +身体部位名词。例如:have a sore th

10、roat 喉咙痛have a sore arm 胳膊痛have a sore foot 脚痛(3) 身体部位+ hurt/acheo例如：My eyes hurts.我眼睹痛My legs ache.我腿疼。（4） There is something wrong witli + one's + 身体部位。例如:There is something wrong with your eyes.你的眼睛有毛病。6. asas作连词，有以下几种用法：（1）意为“当时候“，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程 中另一件事发生：或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如：We wa

11、lked into the garden as the music stopped.音乐声一停，我们就走进 了花园。（2）意为“像一样、如”，常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如：I can t nin as fast as I used to.我跑得不如过去那样快。You must do everything as I do.你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事（3）意为“因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如：As we are both tired, let's stop to have a rest.既然我们都累了 让我们停下来休息会吧。（4）意为“正如，照方法“，常引导非限制性定语

12、从句。例如：As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。（5）意为“尽管，虽然”，常引导让步状语从句。例如：Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow.我虽然很小，可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了。【拓展】（Das作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如：work as a guider 当导游（2） as作副词，意为“与等同”，常用于副词或形容词之前。例如：This dress is twice as expensive as that.这件连

13、衣裙比那件贵一倍。7. withoutwithout是介词，意为“无，没有“，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。without构成的介词 短语具有否定含义，在句中相当于构成了否定句。例如：I can't do it without your help.没有你的帮助，我不能做这件事。No one can achieve anything without effort.谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。He went to school this morning without having breakfast.他今天早上没吃早饭就去上学 了。【拓展】.Without用在no, not, ne

14、ver等否左副词之后，强调肯泄，意为“没有不，没有则不 能“。例如：You can't get rich without takuig risks.人不冒险不富。I never see this picture without thinking of him.每次看到这张照片，我都会想起他。8. almost & nearly（1） almost和nearly都是副词，且都含有TL乎，差不多'的意思，当它们与动词、副词、形 容词或划词连用时，常可通用。但比较起来almost表示的“差不多"的程度比nearly还要接 近实际情况。例如：This bottle i

15、s almost full.这个瓶子差一点点就装满了。This bottle is nearly full.这个瓶子快要装满了。(2)nearly可被not修饰，not nearly意为"远远不二而almost不能被not修饰，表示"几乎不" 要用 hardly。而 almost 之后可接 never< no, nothing, no one 等，而 nearly 不能。例如： There are not nearly enough people to do the work.做这项工作的人远远不够。He can hardly speak English他几

16、乎不会说英语。Almost no one saw her.几乎没有人看见她。词汇精练I. 把下列基本词组英汉互译.1. 并排地：肩并肩地2.照相3. 找岀；査明4.睡着5.在回家路上6像往常一样 7. next to&做决定；下决心9. take off10.the next dayII. 根据首字母提示填空。1 She was angry and she hme on the head with a book 2. You must pay ato your teacher in class3 I didnt want to hyour feelings.4. Take the mt

17、hree times a day. You'll be better in two days5 Ita ball to her and she catches it III. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1 She went out without(say)a word.2. Pollution is much(bad)than it was two months ago.3. It is(danger)to walk on thin ice in a lake4. He was listening to music as he(ride) his bike.5. (lucky)>

18、he didn't hurt himself when he fell.IV. 从方框中选择适当单词并用其适当形式填空.almost, appear, flight, bad, pain1 Hurry up! Ouris going to take off.2. That's too.3. I still feel some, so I will go to hospital to take some medicine.4. A strangerat the door of the classroom He wanted to talk with our teacher.5.

19、I have worked here fortwo years参考答案I.把下列基本词组英汉互译。I. side by side 2. take photos 3. find out4.fall asleep 5. on ones way home6. as usual 7.靠近；挨着 &make decisions 9起飞：脱下10.第二天II. 根据首字母提示填空。1. hit 2. attention 3 hurt 4 medicine 5 throwIII. 用单词的适当形式填空。1. saying 2 worse 3 dangerous 4. rode 5 LuckilyIV

20、. 从方框中选择适当单词并加其适当形式填空。1. flight 2. bad 3. pain 4. appeared 5. almost句式精讲1. .but the boy fell off his bike and hurt his kngfall off意为“跌落,从掉下来“。例如：The girl fell off the bike.那个女孩从自行车上掉了下来。I saw him fall off the horse.我看见他从马上掉了下来。【拓展】（1）fall over意为“向前跌倒,跌倒二 例如：She fell over and broke her leg.她跌倒并把腿摔断 了

21、 ©（2）fall down意为“滑倒，倒塌“，不强调所倒的地方。例如：The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down那个男孩重重的撞到树上，结果自己倒下了。（3）off和动词搭配，表示不同的含义：take off脱下：起飞 turn off关上 break off终止pay off 付清 get off F车keep off 远离2 I was trying to pick it up when it bit me again.（1）pick up意为“捡起，拾起“，是动副结构。例如：She picked up a stone and

22、threw it at the dog.她捡起一块石头朝那条狗扔去。（2）表示“中途搭载乘客；接人”等意思。例如：The train stopped several times to pick up passengers.火车沿途停了 好几次，让乘客上车。Wait here and I'll pick you up at two o'clock.在这儿等着，两点钟我来接你。（3）表示“意外发现：学到：获得“等意思。例如：Looking through the evening paper last night. I picked up a wonderful poem.昨晚在浏览

23、晚报时，我意外发现了一首好诗。While working in the factory, the students picked up a great deal of information on machinery.在工厂劳动期间，学生们学到了许多关于机械方而的知识。（4）表示“收拾；整理”等意思。例如：The teacher told the students to pick up everything on the floor and get the room tidy before theywent out.老师告诉学生们在出去之前把地上的东西收拾起来，把房间整理干净。Please p

24、ick up all your toys when youve finished playing.你玩过后请把玩具收拾好。（5）表示“（从电台、收音机）收听；接收：记录“等意思。例如：I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.我设法收听到一家美国电台的新闻广播。It is necessary to use a long wave radio to pick up the "Follow Me ' program.必须用一台长波收音机才能收听到“跟我学”这个节目。3 The car stopped just in time.

25、in time意为“及时“，表示“来得及在指立或预订的时间做某事”。例如：He came here in time to attend the meeting他及时赶到这里参加了会议。Be sure to give it back in time.务必要及时归还。【拓展】on time意为“准时“，是指“不早不晚正好在指立或约立的时间做某事“。例如：The train arrived on time.火车准时到达了。ril get tliere on time.我会按时到达那里。4. Dont +动词原形Don't +动词原形是祈使句的否怎句。意为“不要做某事"。例如：Don

26、't do it like tliat.不要像那样做。Don't forget to save the document before you nun off die computer.关电脑之前别忘了保存文件。【拓展】表示命令、请求、禁止或建议等语气的句子叫祈使句。祈使句通常省去主语you。有时为了 表达较委婉或客气的语气，可在句子开头或末尾加please.其肯左结构通常以动词原形开头。 例如：Open the door.把门打开。Save the document before you turn off the computer.关电脑之前保存一下文件。5 when &am

27、p; while（1）when既可指动作同时进行，也可指先后发生，从句中的动作既可是延续性动词，也可 是非延续性动词。若是同时发生且为延续性动词，则可与while互换：若when作并列连词, 表示“就在那时，这时候”则只能用when,并且when引导的从句只能放在后面。例如： When the alien got out, the girl was shopping当外星人出来时，小女孩在购物。We were watching TV when there was a knock at the door.我们在看电视，这时有人敲门。（2）while作连词，意为“当时候”，引导时间状语从句，并且是

28、主句和从句动作同时 发生，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词或表状态，且常用进行时态。例如：He came in while I was watching TV.当我在看电视时,他进来 了。Could you look after my dog while I'm away?我离开时，你能照看我的狗吗？句式精练1. 句型转换。1 I had a few accidents last week.（改为同义句）A few accidentsme last week 2. He has found his way home at last.（改为同义句）He has found his way h

29、ome3. It was raining when the plane landed.（改为同义句）While it the plane landed.4. When the accident happened I was walking along （he slrccl.（对划线部分提问）youwhen the accident happened?5. Pm thinking about moving to Beijing.（改为同义句）Immoving to Beijing.II.完成句子，每空一词。1. 前面有两个孩子肩并肩走着。There were two children ahead

30、, walking2. 我们希望你们注意。We want you to.3. 她父母离她而去，她处于痛苦之中。Her parents have left her, and she is4. 他们及时到达车站赶上了那班火车。They arrived the stationto catch the train.5. 在你学骑自行车时，你常常会从车子上摔下来。When you are learning to ride a bicycle, you oftenthe bicycle6. 请认真听我讲！me carefully, please!7. 当那条蛇躺在桌子上时，亨利迅速抓起他的手机并用它拍了一张照片。the snakeon the table, Henry quicklyhismobile phone andwith it.8. 你昨天晚上发生了什么事情？you last night?9. 他跌倒时伤了腿。Hehis leg when he.10. 她妈妈做晚饭时，电话铃响了。Her mother waswhen the telephone.HI.补全对话。根据对话内容