专业英语试题库VIP

1、如对您有帮助，欢迎下载支持，谢谢！选择题A （关键专业词汇5题以上）1. Bacterial cell walls are composed principally of peptidoglycans, and reproduction is by binary fission. A. abruption; B. binary fission;C. break up ; D. divide2. The photosynthetic bacteria contain a range of bacteriochlorophylls and do not liberate free O2 durin

2、g photosynthesis. A. photosynthesisB. photosynthate;C. breath; D. Reverse3. Conjugation involves the transfer of large portions of genetic material between donor and recipient cells in mating pairs. A. donor B. donate; C. donation; D. endow4. The cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes containi

3、ngchlorophyll, and also phycobiliprotein pigments such as phycocyanin. A. peptidoglycan; B. crystal violet; C. chlorophyll ; D. algae5. Those using light as their energy source are termed phototrophic. A. chemotrophic; B. lithotrophic; C. organotrophic ; D. phototrophic6. Excessive extraction of wat

4、er can lower water-tables,which, in some inlands（内陆），may lead to. A.subsidence B.salt-water instrusion C.earthquake D.flooding7. But because of losses through and plant transpiratioA.evaporationB.environment C.evaporate D.evaporative8. Irrigation has allowed the expansion of agriculture into semi-ar

5、id and even environments. A.dry B.arid C.drought d. wateri如对您有帮助，欢迎下载支持，谢谢!9. The steady flows that dams cause alter the seasonal cycles of andriparian plants and animals. A. aquatic B. aquatics C.aquaculture D.aquation10. New landfills have complex bottom layers to trap contaminant-laden water, cal

6、led leachate,leaking through the buried trash A.wall B.leachate C.leader D.little11. A modern municipal solid waste landfill is typically constructed above an impermeableclay.A.impress B.impermeable C.improve D.impolite12. However, many incinerators were eliminated becauseof aesthetic concerns, such

7、 as foul odors, noxious gases, andgritty smoke.A.grave B.gritty C.grove D.glass13. The buring waste heats water and the steam drive a turbine to generate electricity, which is sold to a utility.A.tool B.turbine C.troop D.type14. Selection of landfill sites is based on an understanding of local geolo

8、gy conditions.A.geoblo B.geologyC.condition D.location15. The paradox is that in its gaseous state, abundant thought it is, is unavailable to most life. A. nitrogen B. oxygen C . hydrgen D. alcohol16. To be used, free molecular nitrogen has to be fixed. This comes about intwo ways. A. energy B. fixa

9、tion C. paradox D. radiation17. This fixation is accomplished by bacteria living in association with leguminous and root-noduled monleguminous plants, by free-living aerobicbacteria, and by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). A. together B. biologicalC. symbiotic D. none of above18. According to the a

10、uthor, the energy needed for high energy fixations comes from. A. cosmic B. meteorite C. lightning D. all above1. is a biological process in which ammonia is oxidized to nitrite and nitrate, yielding energy. A. ammonification B. denitrification C. bacterfiation D. nitrification19. 1 How volatile nit

11、rogen is turned into for plants?20. A. nutrient B.nitrate C.nitrite D.nitric21. 2 gases emitted during the first phase of waste treatment are harvestedfor use as fuel .22. A green B warm C greenhouse D ignite23. 3 is the process in which soil bacteria oxidize ammonia(NH3) sequentially into nitrite(N

12、O2-) and then nitrate (NO3-).24. A respirationB denitrification25. C photosynthesis D nitrification26. 4 But too much untreated wastes dumped directly into fishpond can rob the fish of,and end up killing the fish .27. A nitrogen oxide B nitrogen28. C oxygen D carbon dioxide29. 5 The farm typically c

13、onsists of crops, livestock and fishponds.30. A dream B intergrating C interva D integrated31.32. Ethanol is a good for gasoline in spark-ignition engines.A. reserveB. substituteC. replaceD. shift33. As a summary, the long story was into a few sentences.A. condensedB. condemnedC. concealedD. concent

14、rated34. The problem with the country is how to lift its economy out of.A. reservationB. recreationC. recessionD. reversion35. Ethanol does less carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides than gasoline.A. releaseB.outputC. setD.affranchise36. Alcohol can be obtained fromA. sugar cropsB.starchy cropsC. cellul

15、oseD.all of above37. The air which we breathe consists, by volume, of about 78 percent.A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. carbon dioxideD. Argon38. Gaseous hydrogen, produced by the of water, is another topetroleum.A. electrolysis, choice B. hydrolysis, choiceC. electrolysis, alternative D. alternative, alterna

16、tive选择题B （关键短语5题以上）1. Bacterial cell walls are composed principally of peptidoglycans, and reproduction is by binary fission. A. make up of; B. build up; C. are composed。. constitute2. A species adapted to living under conditions of a bountiful energy source is designated as K selected. A. living un

17、der; B. living in; C. living ; D. lived3. It would be exposed to selection pressuresdifferent from those affecting an r-selected organism living in uncrowded but possibly physically restrictive environments. A. different from; B. different with; C. other than; D. differ with4. Some estimate place th

18、eir number as high as 40% of the total plate-count population. A. as high as;B. is high as; C. high as; D. as high to5. The r-selected organisms exposed to flushes of substrate in an otherwise uncrowded environment would place a premium on high growth increase per unit of food rather than on competi

19、tiveness. A. place a premium or; B. place a premium to; C. place a premium into ; D. place a premium with6. Nowadays, governments in most OECD countries are large programmersto develop irrigation. A. scale back B. scaled back C. scaling back D. scales back7. In drier parts of the area, such as Calif

20、ornia, and the Murray-Darlingbasin inAustralia, agriculture accounts for well over 90% of consumptive use. A.accounts B. accounts up to C. accounts for D. accounts from8. We all want to know how OECD governments are responding to the increased demand for water in agricultural production. A. are resp

21、onsible for B. are responding to C. are responsibility to D. response to9. Land degradation, is the decline in land quality or reduction inits productivity and environmental regulatory capacity.(A.abilityB.able C.capacity D.capacitly)1 0.Soil compaction is a worldwide problem.(A.compact B.compaction

22、 C.compactness D.degradate)11 .Accelerated soil erosion is another principal land degradation process. Similar to compaction.( A.erosion B.erosional C.degradation D.degradate)12 .Nutrient depletion is another principal process of land degradation with severe economic impact on a global scale.( A.dep

23、letion B.deplete C.expand D.expanding)13 .Despite the voluminous literature, land degradation remains a debatable issue.( A.degradationB.degradate C.gradateD.gradation)14 .Land degradation, declines in land quality due to natural processes and anthropic activities, is a major global issue for the 20

24、th century. . ， , /stand will remain high on the international agenda even for the 21century. (A.because of B.due to C.although D.as if)15.2. Land degradation can also be considered in terms of the loss of actual or potential productivity or utility as a result of naturalor anthropic factors.( A. in

25、 terms of; B. refer to; C. evolved from;D. simply stated)16.3. High population density is not necessarily related to land degradation.(A.as though B.resulted in C.related to D.as well as )1.4. . Lands, depending on their inherent characteristics and climatic conditions, range from highly resistant o

26、r stable to extremely sensitive and fragile.(A.relating toB.depending on C.so as toD.therefore)1.5. . Land degradation is a biophysical process driven by socioeconomic and political causes. (A.driven by B.resulted in C.because of D.as well)19. As better waste-disposal technologies were developed and

27、 as values changed, more emphasis was placed on the environment and quality of life. A.are placed on B.was placed onC.locate in D.was located in20. The heat derived from the buring is convertedinto steam and electricity. A.converted to B.converted intoC.transform to D.being21. However, the landfill

28、of today is far different from a simple hole in the ground into which garbage is dumped. A.different B.different from C.abstrict onD.refer to22. They currently cost up to $1 million per hectare to prepare. A.right B.up to C.below D.about23. Until recently, the disposal of municipal solid waste did n

29、ot attract much public attention. A.attemp B.attract C.absort D.eyes on24. Cosmic radiation, meteorite trails, and lightning provide the high energy combine nitrogen with the oxygen and hydrogen of water. A.needed to B. gotten to C. came to D. needing to25. Fixation molecular nitrogen(N2)two atoms o

30、f ftee N. A. go into B.get .into C. splits .into D. jump .into26. In nonagricultural systems some 12,000 species, from cyanobacteria to nodule-bacteria plants,nitrogen fixation. A. be reponsible for B. being reponsible for C. is reponsible for D. are reponsible for27. In terrestrial ecosystem nitrog

31、en, largely in the form of ammonia or nitrates, by plants, which convert it to amino acids. A. is taken up B.are taken up C. is broke down D. are broke down28. In aquatic ecosystems, nitrogen cycles in a similar manner, except that the large reservoir in the soil. A. is lacking B. lacked C. are lack

32、ed D.is lacked29. The integrated farm typically crops, livestock and fishponds. A. make upB. made up of C. is consisted of D.consists of30. Both of winter wheat and summer corn has still great potential to increase.A. yell B. yields C. yield D. yells31. The small amount of residual nutrients left af

33、ter tremendous losses that the environment have taken place. A destroy B damage C ruin D violate32. Officials also say a woman may a second attack in the northern part ofthe country. A. are respective forB. is possible for C. areresponsible forD. are looking for33. Nearly all organs for transplant e

34、xecuted prisoners. A. are produced from B. are harvest of C. are harvested from D. are gotten from34. Liquid fuels the US economy.A. is indispensable toB. are indispensable toC. is projected toD. are projected to35. The production and use of ethanol fuel the increase in atmosphericcarbon dioxide and

35、 to global warming.A. result inB. bring outC. as resultD. contribute to36. Changing her job like that giving her the sack.A. is equivalent toB. is equablet onC. is different fromD. is disparate to37. Hydrogen has the potential to serve a renewable gaseous fuel fortransportion vehicles.A. on B. for C

36、. up D. as38.gasoline, both methanol and ethanol reduce the amount of carbon dioxide,which is good for our environment.A. compared toB. with regard toC. consideringD. in view of39. Mankind must take care not to the earth its natural resources.A. expend, ofB. spend, onC. deplete, ofD. defray, to配对题（核

37、心专业词汇8题以上）1. Ethanol乙醇，酒精2. Cellulose 纤维素3. Sugarcane 甘蔗4. Hydrolysis 水解（作用）5. Electrolysis 电解6. Photovoltaics 太阳能电池7. Carbon monoxide 一氧化碳8. Distillation 蒸储9. Livestock 家畜，牲畜10. Hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢11. fungi 真菌12. eukaryote真核生物13. peptidoglycan 肽聚糖14. binary fission 二分裂15. autotrophic 自养的16. hete

38、rotrophic 异样的17. cyanobacteria 蓝名田菌18. aerobic好氧的、需氧的19. chlorophyll 叶绿素20. bacteriochlorophyll 细菌叶绿素21. transpiration 植物蒸腾22. semi-arid 半干旱23. aquifers 含水层24. erosion腐蚀，侵蚀25. replenish 补充，填满26. Degradation 退化27. Anthropology 人类学28. Eutrophication 富养化29. Contamination 污染30. Regulatory 调整的31. Compact

39、ion 板结32. Unsustainable 不可持续的33. Acidification 酸化34. Impermeable 不透性的35. impermeable membrane 非渗透性膜36. geologic地质的37. scavenge清除38. hectar必顷39. turbine涡轮40. mercury 水专艮41. gritty有沙的42. Fixation固定43. Symbiotic共生44. Ammonification氨化作用45. Nitrification硝化作用46. Glucose 葡萄糖47. Nitrogen氮48. Nitric acid硝酸49

40、. Photosynthesis 光合作用50. aerobically需氧地，好氧性的51. nitrogen peroxide 过氧化氮52. zero input and zero emission零输入和零排放53. plankton浮游植物54. decompose 分解55. non-arid 不干旱的56. potable water 饮用水57. manure 粪月巴58. by-product 副产品3、 是非题（重点专业知识句子3题以上）（F表示错误，T表示正确）1. Carbon monoxide is harmful to mankind's health. T

41、 2. Ethanol can be obtained from oil crops. F 3. The oxygen can be combined with hydrogen in a fuel cell. T 4. Alcohol produced from corn is a renewable energy source. F 5. A solar cell works mainly based on the optoelectronics effec. T 6. Bacteria are termed prokaryotic because they lack nuclear me

42、mbranes. T 7. Chemoorganotrophs are referred to as autotrophs. F 8. A species surviving in uncrowded but possibly physically restrictive environments is designated as K-selected. F 9. The numerically predominant bacteria in soil are Streptomycetes. F 10. Throughout most of the world, industry is the

43、 leading consumptive user of water. F 11. Withdrawals for agricultural purposes currently account for over two thirds total abstraction in all OECD countries. F 12. The practice of exploiting underground water for agriculture is essential for the protection of natural resources. F 13. Land degradati

44、on, is the decline in land quality or reduction in its productivity and environmental regulatory capacity. T 14. Land degradation is a physical process driven by socioeconomic and politicalcauses. F 15. Accelerated soil erosion is another principal land degradation process T 16. In ancient times, th

45、e disposal of municipal solid waste attracted much public attention F 17. Nowadays, none of countries of areas dumps solid wastes outside of the city or village F 18. Landfills had been the primary method of waste disposal because of the lowest cost and the simplest technology until the threat of gr

46、oundwater contamination was recognized. T 19. High energy fixation is the main way of nitrogen fixation. F 20. According to the text the second step of biological fixation is that the free N atoms combine with oxygen to form two molecules of nitrate. F 21. Nitrogen is directly absorbed by plant root

47、s and incorporated into amino acids,which pass through the food chain. T 22. Nitrosomonas bacteria and nitrobacter are two groups of microorganisms that involved in the process of nitrification. T 23. According to the text, nitrogen cycles in aquatic systems in a similar manner with terrestrial ecos

48、ystem. F 24. Forests are important to the environment because they take in carbon dioxide and release another gas-oxygen. T 25. Livestock manure contains large amounts of ammonia gas that must be turned back into stable nitrate before it can be absorbed as nutrient by plant. T 26. Abundantly product

49、ive farms with zero input and zero emission are powered by waste-gobbling bugs and human ingenuity. T 4、 句子翻译题（重点难、长句子 3题以上）1. Various raw materials can be used for methanol production, including natural gas, coal, wood, and municipal solid wastes.许多种原料可用于甲醇生产， 包括天然气、煤炭、木材和城市固体废物。2. Methanol can be

50、obtained from wood or woody crops by means of a wood gasification process followed by compression and methanol synthesis.甲醇 可以由木材或木本作物经过气化、压缩、合成三个阶段制得。 3. Part of the reason for this difference is that the volume of hydrogen fuel is about four times greater than that for the same energy content of g

51、asoline. 这种差异的原因之一是：在能量相同的情况下，氢燃料的体积约为汽油的 四倍。4. The major limitation in using biomass for methanol production is the enormous quantities needed for a plant with suitable economies of scale.禾 用生物质 生产甲醇主要的局限性就在于一个具有相当经济规模的工厂对于生物质 的巨大需求量。5. Essentially the same differentiation given in the terms lithot

52、rophic and organotrophic is provided by the terms autotrophic and heterotrophic, respectively.实际上，“无机营养型”和“有机营养型”这两个词间的区别 可以分别用“自养型”和“异养型”这两个词来表达。6. The obligate chemolithotrophs use the same basic physiological pathway (the Calvin Cycle) found in most other organisms in metabolizing their own cell

53、constituents.专性化能无机营养菌采用与其他大多数相同的基本的生理 途径(即Calvin循环)，这些生物都利用这种途径代谢自身细胞成分。7. A designation G+ is given to cells that retain crystal violet following subsequent exposures to KI solution, alcohol, and counterstain, and G- for cells from which the crystal violet readily destains.那些浸泡在碘溶液、酒精和革 兰氏试剂后细胞内含有

54、结晶紫的细菌为革兰氏阳性菌，反之，细胞内结晶 紫消褪的为革兰氏阴性菌。8. The r-selected organisms exposed to flushes of substrate in an otherwise uncrowded environment would place a premium on high growth increase per unit of food rather than on competitiveness, as would be the case of a K-selected organism.当r选择性微生物处于营养丰富而且其他竞争性微生 物不

55、多的环境时，它们会更加倾向于利用好现在的食物来快速繁殖，而不 是像K选择性微生物那样倾向于增强其竞争力。9. Water-use in agriculture has marked effects on the environment, not all of them adverse.农业用水对环境有显著的影响，但这些影响并不全是负面的。10. How are OECD governments responding to the increased demand for water in agricultural production and the growing public awaren

56、ess of the impact of agriculture on the environment? 经合组织各国如何应对增长中的农业生产 用水需求和农业对环境影响的公共意识。11. But the exploitation of groundwater aquifers for farming continues to grow apace-not only in arid and semi-arid regions but in many humid areas as well. 但是无论干旱、半干旱地区还是在一些潮湿的地区，为农业进行的地下水 蓄水层的开发持续增长。12. Land

57、degradation can also be considered in terms of the loss of actual or potential productivity or utility as a result of natural or anthropic factors. 土地 退化也可依自然或人为因素造成的实际或潜在的生产力或效用损失考虑。13. Nutrient depletion is another principal process of land degradation with severe economic impact on a global scale养分消耗是在全球范围内 另一个对有严 重的经济影响的土地退化主要过程。14. Land degradation is the decline in land quality or reduction in its productivity and environmental regulatory capacity. 土地退化指土地质量下降或者生产 率、环境自身调节能力降低。15. A modern municipal solid waste landfill is typically