四川德阳市2016高考英语一轮阅读类选练及参考答案1

1、议论类和说明类完形填空复习考前冲刺指导【考纲解读】新课标考纲解释单项填空“主要考查学生对英语基础知识的掌握程度及运用能力，旨在检测考生对英语基础知识的理解、掌握和运用情况”。试题的命题原则是“突出语境、强调应用、注重实际、体现能力”。命题范围主要包括：名词、代词、冠词、形容词和副词、动词短语、动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、强调句型、倒装、省略句和情景交际等。【命题特点】一、突出重点，覆盖考点。从语言知识的分布点上看，试题一直保持着“覆盖面广、重点突出”的特点。内容涉及交际、时态、语态、冠词、形容词、副词、动词（词组）、非谓语动词、定语从句以及状

2、语从句等，其中围绕动词及其变化的考查一直是单项填空测试的重点。二、突出语境，活用语法。从测试的内容上看，试题重视在语境中考查学生的语言实践能力。即考查语法现象的规则性又体现其实践中的灵活性；即尊重语法知识的规范性又不拘泥其语境使用中的合理性。 三、突出交叉，综合踩点。从测试的体位上看，试题不只是单纯地考查某一个点，而是全面、立体地展示中学阶段所学的基础知识。四、突出实词，加强辨析。从词汇考查的角度来看，除湖北题全部考查词汇外，越来越多的省份逐渐加大了词汇测试的考查力度，这是全国高考试题变化的一个新趋向，也是高考英语和大学英语接轨的一个切入点。五、突出创新，贴近生活。从题干的形式上看，单句的测试

3、题渐渐让位于篇章测试题，语言知识测试题渐渐让位于语言运用测试题，用对话创设情景的题目所占比例越来越多。试题的题干不再拘泥于陈腐的句型、句式，而是以前置句、后置句、省略句、插入句、变化句等创新句型来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。从话题的选材上看，试题关注社会生活的变化和发展，点缀和折射时代热点，极具“生活化”和“时代感”。【题型分类】议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：（1）开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说

4、明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。（2）导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。（3）最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此是高考完形

5、填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等（实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品）；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等（事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。具体特点为：（1）开头点题。做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。（2）结构清

6、晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时问顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以顺着作者的思路，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The term“mult

7、itasking” originally referred to a computers ability to carry out several tasks at one time. For many people, multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success. In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises(大脑训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a t

8、ime. Although checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive, rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss. In order to

9、 multitask, the brain uses an area known as the prefrontal cortex(前额叶脑皮层). Brain seans of volunteers performing multiple tasks together show that as they shift from task to task, this front part of the brain actually takes a moment of rest between tasks. You may have experienced a prefrontal cortex“

10、moment of rest” yourself if youve ever dialed(拨电话) a phone number and suddenly forgotten who you called when the line is answered. What probably occurred is that between the dialing and the answering, your mind shifted to another thought or task, and then took that“moment” to come back. Research has

11、 also shown that for many volunteers, job efficiency(效率) declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time. Multitasking is easiest when at least one of the tasks is habitual, or requires little thought. Most people dont find it difficult to eat and read the newsp

12、aper at the same time. However, when two or more attention-requiring tasks are attempted at one time, people sometimes make mistakes. We often dont remember things as well when were trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new inform

13、ation coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget peoples nameseven sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may c

14、ome off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them. 1. Why are some mental aerobic exercises designed to engage people in multitasking? A. To make them more productive. B. To reduce their stress and anxiety.C. To devel

15、op their communication skills. D. To help them perform daily tasks more easily.2. According to Paragraph 2, why may a person suddenly forget who he has called? A. He may have his prefrontal cortex temporarily damaged.B. He is probably interrupted by another task.C. He is probably not very familiar w

16、ith the person he has called.D. He may need a rest between dialing and speaking.3. People tend to make mistakes when.A. they perform several challenging tasks at a timeB. new messages are processed one after anotherC. their relationships with others are affectedD. the tasks require little thought4.

17、What is the main idea of the passage? A. Multitasking has become a way of life.B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.【参考答案】1-4 、ABAB阅读理解。Homeownership has let us down. For generations,

18、Americans believed that owning a home was undoubtedly good. Our political leaders hammered home the point. Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was “unconquerable.” Homeownership could even save babies, save children, save families and save America. A house with a lawn and a fence wa

19、snt just a nice place to live in or a risk-free investment; it was a way to transform a nation.No wonder leaders of all political types wanted to spend more than $100 billion a year on subsidies and tax breaks to encourage people to buy. But the dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent: In

20、deed, easy lending stimulated by the cult of homeownership may have triggered the financial crisis. Housing remains a drag on the economy. Existing-home sales in April dropped 27% from the prior month, worsening fears of a double-dip. And all that is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and wha

21、t happened when it popped.The real story is deeper and darker still.For the better part of a century, politics, industry and culture lined up to create a fetish of the idea of buying a house.Homeownership has done plenty of good over the decades; it has provided stability to tens of millions of fami

22、lies. Yet by idealizing the act of buying a home, we have ignored the downsides. In the bubble years, lending standards slipped dramatically, allowing many Americans to put far too much of their income into paying for their housing. And we ignored longer-term phenomena too.Homeownership contributed

23、to the hollowing out of cities and kept renters out of the best neighborhoods. It fed Americasover use of energy and oil. It made it more difficult for those who had lost a job to find another. Perhaps worst of all, it helped us become casually self-deceiving: By telling ourselves that homeownership

24、 was a pathway to wealth and stable communities and better test scores, we avoided dealing with these frightening issues head-on. Now, as the U.S. recovers from the biggest housing bust（破产）since the Great Depression, it is time to rethink how realistic our expectations of homeownership areand how mu

25、ch money we want to spend chasing them. Many argue that homeownership should not be a goal pursued at all costs.1. Political leaders wanted to spend money encouraging people to buy houses because _.A. owning a home was undoubtedly goodB. homeownership was unconquerableC. houses could save families a

26、nd AmericaD. homeownership could shape a country2.The underlined sentence in Para. 2 means _.A. homeownership has quite a lot of bad effects B. there might be another housing break down in the U.S.C. the existing-home sales will keep decreasing in the U.S.D. the result of homeownership is much worse

27、 than it appears3.It can be inferred from Para. 3 that _.A. it is hard for Americans to get a home loan B. it is the way to wealth to have ones own houseC. many Americans choose to live out of urbanareasD. homeownership has made many people out of work4.What is the authors attitude towards homeowner

28、ship?A. Favorable. B. Ambiguous. C. Cautious. D. Optimistic.【参考答案】81.DDCC社会生活类阅读理解。A study involving 8, 500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year rese

29、arch project into teenagers and money, are particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts than any before. University tuition fees(学费) are currently capped at 3, 000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormo

30、us pressure to raise the ceiling. In the research, the teenagers were presented with the terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average 31, 000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for thos

31、e aged 22 to 29 is just 17, 815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than 10, 000. Average debts for graduates are 12, 363. Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotlan

32、d Group which owns NatWest, said, “The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively. “ Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweather, aged 15, from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal fin