定语从句巧记口诀

1、定语从句巧记口诀1定从分类有微妙,限与非限看逗号；定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜；定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系；2关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who,人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know;who做主语很称职,whom用到宾语里；3. that用法真有趣, 两个地方它不去； 逗号后边它不去, 介词之后不考虑；4. That which代表物,区别听我来表达；先行假设是不定代,that就把which踹； 先行词前有两数,就用that定无误；先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑；句中假设有there be, that应把which替； 先行主中做表语,

2、防止重复从句里；Just the only very same last,其后也要用 that;5. 指人可用that who,以下情况多用who; Those people做先行,There be 的结构中； 先行指人不定代,从中做主 who要在；两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才；6. 定从之中少定语,whose为你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物,所属关系要记住.7. As/which在句末,假设有否认 as错；句首只能用as还有认知猜测词；固定结构用 as, the same /such/so/as;So /suchthat宾不离,so/suchas宾要弃；8. 关系代词到这里,主宾表定作用起

3、； 关系代词做宾语,省与不省全靠你；9. 关系副词when/where/why,从中做状莫懈怠；时间用when原因why,地点where经常在；关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代；关系代,关系代,that与who要除外；挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行；聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副；关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住；它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷；10. 只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你；先行用way做状语,in which/ that /略可以；one of +复做先行,从中谓语复数明,one前假设有only/very,从中谓语定用单；定从名从可转换,all that被 what换；定语从句巧记口诀

4、分段解析：1. 定从分类有微妙,限与非限看逗号；定语从句分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,区分它们有两个标准：1从内容上看,限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,去掉后意思就不 完整了；非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性.2从形式上看,限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句与先行词 之间有逗号隔开.请看例句：The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.限制性The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in

5、the field.非限制性解析：第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句,没有逗号,不能去掉, 否那么意思不完整.定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜；例句：1There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 有人要和你讲话.2) Those who were for the plan raised their han d那些赞成方案的举起了手.3) This no vel, which I have read three times, is very touch ing.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍

6、.解析：例句中somebody those是代词,novel是名词,是被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词, 可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类.定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系；定语从句都在先行词之后,连接定从和先行词的词,叫做关系词.关系词有两类：关系代词和关系副词.关系词要注意两点：1它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词,2)关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分.例句 1) The boys who are playi ng football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男生们是一班的.解析：who= boys ,在定语从句中做主语,所以其后谓语用areo例句 2) Footbal

7、l is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动.解析：which=game,在定语从句中做主语.例句 3) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天.解析：when是关系副词=on the day,在定语从句中做时间状语.例句 4) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.十年前我居住的房子已经被拆了.解析：where是关系副词=in the hous

8、e,在定语从句中做地点状语.例句 5) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因.解析：why是关系副词=for the reason,在定语从句中做原因状语.2.关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破；六个关系代词是： that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as, 注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语.which表物,人用who,人物都有that顾；先行词是物,关系代词用 which,也可以用that;先行词是人,关系代词用 who也可以用that; 先行词中既有人,又有物,关系代词只能用t

9、hato例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year.这就是我去年参观的那个山村.解析：先行词mountain village是物,可用which或that,由于定语从句中visit后缺宾语,说 明which或that应该在定从中做宾语,所以还可以省略.例句 2) The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend.你刚刚见到的那个人是我的 朋友.解析：先行词 man表人,关系词可以用 who/that/whom,由于定语从句中缺宾语,关系代

10、词应该在定语从句中做宾语,所以可以省略；另外, whom是专门用来做宾语用的,而 who那么 只是在口语中才用.例句 3)This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history这本杂志是我们历史 老师的.解析：先行词teacher是人,关系代词用who或that,由于在定语从句中做主语,所以不能省 略.例句 4) He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visite(他谈到了他所见到的老师 和学校.解析：先行词the teachers and sch

11、ools中既有人又有物,关系代词只能用 that,又由于that 在定语从句中做宾语,所以又可以省略. which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know;这是which 用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法.例句 1) He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.解析：which是关系代词,指代前面的一句话：他似乎没抓住我的意思.例句 2) Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做

12、蒸发.解析：which是关系代词,指代前面的一句话：液态水变为蒸汽.who做主语很称职,whom用到宾语里；先行词是表示人的词,定语从句中如果缺主语,要用who做关系代词,如果缺宾语,正规场合下用whom, 口语中也可以用 who.例句1)He is the boy who often goes to school late.他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生.解析：先行词the boy指人,后面的定语从句中缺少主语,因此用关系代词who.例句2)She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太.解析：先行词the old w

13、oman指人,后面的定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用 whom,口语中也可以 用 who.3.that用法真有趣, 两个地方它不去； 逗号后边它不去, 介词之后不考虑；That做为关系代词,不可用在非限制性定语从句中,即不可用在逗号后边；定语从句中介词 之后也不可使用.在逗号或介词后,指物时用which,指人时用who或whom.例句 1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front ofsat a little boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that解析：在介词of之后指物,选择C which 0例句 2) The engineer w

14、ithmy father works is about 50 years old.A. whose B. who C. which D. whom解析：选择D whom o介词后指人.例句 3) The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who解析：选择D who o逗号后指人,在定语从句中做主语.4.That which代表物,区别听我来表达；先行假设是不定代,that就把which踹；领先行词为 anything,everything,nothing,all,any,much

15、,many,one 等不定代词时,只能使用“ that ,不用 “which .例：Is there anything that I can do for you?我能给你做点什么吗？先行词前有两数,就用that定无误；领先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时,只能使用“that,不用“which.例句： That is the sec ond time that I have bee n to Japan那是我去日本的第二次.The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week.坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了.

16、先行词前最高级,还用that必无疑；领先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that ,不用“which.例句：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光.句中假设有there be, that应把which替；例: There is no evidenee that animals possess a mysterious sixth-sense allowing them to predictnatural disasters.说动物拥有神秘的第六感,可以预知自然灾害,这是没有根据的.先

17、行主中做表语,防止重复从句里；例句：1)This is not the hospital that it used to be.这已经不再是以前那座医院了.2) Mr. Thoms on is not the man that he was.汤姆森先生已经不再是以前的他了.解析：定语从句的先行词均在主句中做表语 例句： Which is the course that we are to take ?我们要学哪门课？解析：句中已有which,后面不再用which,防止重复用that.(Just the only very same last,其后也要用 that;)先行词前有Just、the

18、only、very、same、last等词,关系代词用that,不用which. 例句：1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see polar bears.北极是唯一能见到北极熊的地方.2)This is the same bike that he lost.这就是他丢了的那辆自行车.注意区分：3) This is the same bike as he lost.这辆自行车和他丢的那辆一样.(但不是)5.指人可用that who,以下情况多用who;Those people做先行,There be 的结构中；例句：1) Those

19、 who are for the pla n, please raise your han ds.赞成方案的人请举手.2) People who create computer viruses are called hackers.制造电脑病毒的人被称为黑客.3) There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to play games every ni ght.曾经有一个小男孩每天晚上都来网吧玩游戏.先行指人不定代,从中做主 who要在；先行词是指人的不定代词,女口one、some one、anyone、n obody 等词,或指人的

20、关系代词在定语从句中做主语,要用 who,而不用that.例句：1) Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will believe you.懂得一点科学知识的人都不 会相信你的话.解析：nobody是指人的不定代词,用 who,不用that.2) The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught stealing a car.那个装扮成经理的贼在偷车时被当场抓获.解析：who指人,在定语从句中做主语.两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才；一个先行词有两个定语从句时,关系代词要防止重复使用.A

21、 pla nt that can cure diseases, which was known by the an cie nt Chin ese , is called Chin ese herbal medici ne. 一种能够治病的,被古代中国人所熟知的植物,叫做中药.6. 定从之中少定语,whose为你唱一曲；Whose指人又指物,所属关系要记住.Whose也是一个关系代词,在定语从句中做定语,表示人与人、人与物或物与物之间的所属关系,特别要注意,物与物之间的关系也用whoseo例句1)ls there anyone in your class whosefamily is in t

22、he coun try?解析：anyone是先行词,whose=anyonW s,在定语从句中做定语.例句 2) Pass me the book whose cover is red.解析：the book是先行词,whose=the book' s,在定语从句中做定语.7. As/which在句末,假设有否认 as错；as和which都可指代前面一句话,请看例句：1) Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.爱丽丝受到了她老板的邀请,这使她感到吃惊.2) The weather tur

23、ned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.天气结果变好了,这是我们没有预料到的.假设有否认as错；3) The result of the experime nt was very good,we had n't expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what【简析】答案是C.由于非限定性定语从句是否认结构,只能用which引导,不能用as来替代 which.句首只能用as还有认知猜测词；置于句首时,非限定性定语从句只能用as引导.例如：As is known to ev

24、erybody, the moon travels round the earth once every mon th.众所周知,月亮每月绕地球一周.与表示认知猜测的词,如 know, expect, see, report,连用时,要用 a®1) As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.我们知道,吸烟对健康有害.2) As is expected, his daughter entered a key university.正如人们所期望的那样,他的女儿考入了一所重点大学.固定结构用 as, the same /such

25、/so/as;1在the sameas.结构中.意思是“像一样的.例如：Chongqing is not the same city as we have see n in other places.重庆和我们在其它地方看过的城市不一样.注意区分:the same.that.,请看例句：This is the same pen that I lost.这正是我所丢的钢笔.同一This is the same pen as I lost .这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样.相似,不是一个2在as.as结构中,意思是“像那样的.例如：No period in history has had as many

26、 importa nt cha ngeshave take n place in the pastcen tury.没有哪个历史阶段像过去的一个世纪这样有如此多的重大变化.3 在suchas结构中,意思是“像那样的.例如：Mathilde had to work hard day and ni ght and bought such a diam ond n ecklace as she had lost to pay back to Jea nne.马帝尔德不得不日日夜夜地干活,来买一个像被她丢掉的那样的钻石项链还给让.So /suchthat宾不离,so/suchas宾要弃；在so/suc

27、hthat结构中,that后引导的不是定语从句,而是状语从句,从句中必须有宾语；在so/such-as结构中,as后引导的是定语从句,从句中不带宾语.</pxp>例如:</p><p>1Hestudies in such a good school that all other students in his village admire him.他在那样好的一所学校学习,以至于村子里其他的学生都很羡慕他.解析：that后是状语从句,状语从句中有宾语him.2 He studies in such a good school as all other stud

28、ents in his village admire.他在那样好的一所学校学习,村里的其它学生都很羡慕那所学校.解析：as后是定语从句,as代替先行词school,在定语从句中做admire的宾语.8. 关系代词到这里,主宾表定作用起；关系代词做宾语,省与不省全靠你；到此为止,我们一共学了六个关系代词,分别是：which, that, who, whom, whose, as这些关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语,关系代词which/ that/ whom做宾语时,可以省略.9. 关系副词when/where/why,从中做状莫懈怠； 时间用when原因why,地点where经常

29、在；定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和 原因状语.when指时间, where指地点,why表原因.例如：</p>vp>l still remember the day whe n I first came to Beiji ng.我仍然记得我初次到北京的那天.The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西郊.That is the reas on why I did the job.那就是我为什么干这个活的原

30、因.关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代；关系副词可以由介词加上 which来替换.例如：1) This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.在这句中,where= in which2) Do you remember the day whe n (on which) you joined our club?在这句中,when= on which3) This is the reason why (for which) he came late.在这句中,reas on= for which关系代,关系代,that与who要除外；挑

31、选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行；介词后可用关系代词,但只能用which或whom,不能用that和who.那么,这个介词怎么选呢？其一,可以看定语从句中的谓语动词；其二,可以看先行词.例如：1) The pain from which the poor suffered in this area has attracted the attention of the public.本句中用from力卩which, from与定语从句中的谓语动词搭配,suffer from.2) En glish is a useful tool in which I can com muni cate with

32、foreig n frie nds.本句中用in加which,和先行词搭配,先行词表语言,因此用 in.聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副；关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住；它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷；关系副词在定语从句中是做状语的,where做地点状语,when做时间状语,why做原因状语, 但要特别注意,如果定语从句中所缺的不是状语,而是主语、宾语或表语,就不要用关系副 词,而要用关系代词.例如：1) I still remember the dayswe spe nt together in the mountains last summer.先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,spent是及

33、物动词,缺宾语,因此不能填when,而要用关 系代词which或that.2) This is the househis grandfather once lived in.先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,lived in,明显缺宾语,in是介词,介词后应该有宾语,所以不能填where,而要用which或that.3) Is that the reasonyou explained to the teacher for your being late for school?先看定语从句中所缺少的句子成分,explain后应该跟双宾语,缺少一个宾语,因此不能用why,而要用 which 或 th

34、at.10.只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你；先行用way做状语,in which/ that /略可以,先行词是way,表示方式,在定语从句中做方式状语,其后的关系词可以有三种处理方式,即：in which/ that 或省略.例句：I like the way he smiles.I like the way that he smiles.I like the way in which he smiles.one of +复做先行,从中谓语复数明,one前假设有only/ very,从中谓语定用单；例句：Li ng Qi ng is one of the volun teers who ar

35、e ready to go to the coun tryside.Ling Qi ng is the on ly one of the volun teers who is ready to go to the coun tryside.定从名从可转换,all that被 what换；名词性从句中的what/whatever/whoever等词,在句中做主语、宾语或表语时,可以转换成定 语从句.例句：1) I don ' t believe whatever he says.= I don't believe angy(tHiat) he says.2) Whoever br

36、eaks the law will be puni shed.= Anyone who breaks the law will be puni shed.3) The driver didn ' htear what the policeman said. = The driver didn ' htear the words that the policema n said.4) The students can do all (that) they can to help the old teacher. =The students can do what they can

37、 to help the old teacher.定语从句练习题：1. There is somebody herewants to speak to you.A. that B. who C. which D. when2. Charles Smith,was my former teacher, retired last year.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom3. This no vel,I have read three times, is very touchi ng.A. thatB. /C. whichD. what4. He seems not to

38、have grasped what I meant,greatly upsets me.A. whatB. who C. whomD. which5. Do you like the bookcolor is yellow?A. which B. which ' s C. whoseD. whom6. The school inhe once studied is very famous.A. where B. which C. that D. who7. We ' ll go to hear the famous sin gerwe have ofte n talked abouA. for whom B. on who C. / D. which8. He loved his parents deeply, both ofare very kind to him.A. them B. that C. who D. whom9.