宾语从句语法讲解及专题训练

1、第 17 讲宾语从句高职考纲中宾语从句测试的重点是：掌握宾语从句的基本用法1.掌握宾语从句的各不同引导词的用法。掌握宾语从句的语序。掌握宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。掌握由 it 作形式宾语的宾语从句。宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，从句放在主句谓语动词（及物动词），介词或某些形容词之后，前后不用逗号分开。如I don t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.She was interested in what I said.二、宾语从句的引导词1、 由连词 that 弓 I 导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think,

2、 hope, see, believe,expect, hear 等动词后。连词 that 只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。He says （that） his father is a boss.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用 it 作形式宾语。如:I find it necessary that we should learn English well.2、 由连词 if、whether 引导的宾语从句表示 是否,”。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的 成分，一般情况下， whether 和 if 可

3、以替换，但在特殊情况下 if 与 whether 是不能互换的。I wonder whether （if） they will come to our party.当 whether 与 or not 连用时 whether 不可换用 if。在介词后面只能用whether ,不能用 if。在动词不定式之前，只能用 whether ,不能用 if。He doesnt know whether to stay or not.3、由 wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词 who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词 when, where,why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句

4、中既有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? （which 在从句中做定语 ）I don t know where he lives. （where 在从句中做地点状语 ）三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句属于名词性从句，它的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分如:I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.四、

5、宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。如:She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She says that she has finished her homework already.She said

6、 that she had finished her homework already.注意事项：如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.Could you tell me ,是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。如: Could you tell me when we will visit the farm?五.其他常见用法否定转移问题在 think, bel

7、ieve , suppose, consider 等动词所跟的宾语从句中，如果从句表示的是否定意义，一般要将否定词移至主句的谓语上，而将从句变为肯定形式。如：I m sorry , but I don t think I know you.很抱歉，我想我并不认识你。I don t believe that the man is killed by Jim. 我认为那个人不是吉姆所杀的。例 1 （2008 年，陕西）He asked me _we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.A. that B. if C. how D. what

8、解析考查宾语从句引导词。根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气，所以排除选项 A;宾语从句中没有缺少与how 和 what 相对应的句子成分，故本题应选 B。例 2 （2008 年，湖北武汉）Do you know?Sorry, I dont know.A. where does Jimmy workB. where Jimmy worksC. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do解析考查陈述句语序。A、G D 用的是疑问句语序，所以该题的正确答案应为Bo例 3 （2008 年，北京）Do you know for Shangha

9、i last night?At 9:00.A. what time he leavesB. what time does he leaveC. what time he leftD. what time did he leave解析考查陈述句语序和时态。根据语序，可以排除选项B 和 D,从时间状语 last night 可以推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时，故本题的正确答案是C。例 4 （2009 年，浙江平湖）I think best that you should stay here.A. this B. that C. it D. what解析考查 it 引导的形式宾语。that 后面引导

10、的是宾语从句，it 起形式宾语的作用，this, that, what都不能作形式宾语，故本题的正确答案是Co例 5 （2010 年，浙江杭州）Linda said the moon round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. had travelled D. travells解析考查时态。宾语从句表达的是事实真理时，用一般现在时，故本题的正确答案是Do例 6 （2009 年，嘉兴）In some western countries , when you hear something like an invitation, listen c

11、arefully to makesure _ it is a real invitation or not.A. ifB.whetherC. weatherD. that解析考查宾语从句引导词。句意“在一些西方国家，当你听到像邀请之类的东西，你要仔细听来确定是否是一个真正的邀请。”宾语从句表达的是一个不确实的事，且后面有 or not,故本题的正确答案是 B。例 7 （2010 年，宁波）We don t believe (that) they will come tomorrow,?A. do we B.don t we C. will they D.won t they解析考查宾语从句的否

12、定转移。真正的否定意义在从句，这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。本题的正确答案是C。1. I find strange she doesn t want to travel.A. it, that B. that, that C. it, what D. that, what2004 年高职考试题解析考查 it 作形式宾语。真正的宾语从句不缺what 对应的成分，故本题正确答案为A。2. No one can be sure in a million years.A. man will look like whatB. what will man lo

13、ok likeC. what man will look likeD. what look will man like2004 年高职考试题3. Please tell us to the Science Museum.A. how can we reachB. how we can reachC. how can we getD. how we can get20005 年高职考试题解析第 2.3 两题考查宾语从句的语序与get to 短语。2 题正确答案为 C, 3 题正确答案为 D。4. Mike wants to know ifa picnic tomorrow.Yes, But if

14、 it , we ll visit the famous company instead.A. you will have, rains B. you will have, will rainC. you have, will rainD. will you have, rains20005 年高职考试题解析本题考查在宾语从句和条件状语中的不同用法。第一个 if 位于及物动词后面，所以 引导的是宾语从句，时间是 tomorrow，用将来时态；第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句，用 一般现在时代替将来时，故本题的正确答案是 A。4.Do you know when?Oh ,it s oDecem

15、ber 1 st.A.the World AIDS day are .B,are the World AIDS Day .C.the World AIDS Day isD.is the world AIDS Day .2009 年高职考试题解析考查宾语从句的语序与主谓一致。the World AIDS Day 作主语，是单数概念，一个日子， 正确答案为 Co5. Emily couldn t find her key .She didn t remember.A. what it wasB. where was itC. what was itD. where it was2010 年高职考试

16、题解析考查宾语从句的语序和引导词。从句中缺少表示地点的表语，正确答案为Do单项填空He says he will go skating tomorrow.A. whatB. that C. if D.how一 Could you please tell me?一 I live in Hangzhou, Zhejiang .A. where do you liveB. if you live in GuilinC. where you liveD. where you were born3. No one tells us, so we need your help.A. how should

17、we doB. what we should do4. My physics teacher said that light faster than sound.A travels B travel C travelled D. travelling5. They said that they in a week.A. will come back B. would come back C. come back D. Came back6. Could you tell me we are going mountain hiking tomorrow or not?A. whether B.

18、if C. when D. where7. I dont know.A.which room I can liveB.which room can I liveC.which room I can live inD.which room can I live in8. I don t know if it tomorrow, If it, IA.rains;rainsB. Rains;will rain C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain9. Do you remember you said at the meeting?A.when B.

19、where C.that D. what10. Lucy said she such a beautiful piece of music before.A. hasn t heard B. hadn t heard C. doesn t hear D. didn t hear二、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon. (when, why )2. Do you know else is going to be on duty today ? (who, whom )3. She said it wou

20、ldnt matter much. (that, what)4. He always thinks he can do better. (how, who)5. I really dont know the bridge will be finished. ( how long, how soon )6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. They dont know _ their parents are. (where,when)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (that, what)

21、9. I dont know_ way I should take. (which, where)10. Do you know you are studying for? (why, what)三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _(go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ (is)?4. Our father said that he(wi

22、ll) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _(swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ (work).7. He said that he(finish) his work already.8. They thought they could(hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people(help) him when he was in trouble.10. S

23、he doesn t know whether(go) or wait.C. how we should doD. what should we doll not go fishing.一.填入适当的单词完成句子。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China ? Could you tell us ?Could you tell us Mr . Brown living in China ?2. When does the train leave ? I want to know .I want to know the train3. Did Peter co

24、me here yesterday ? Li Lei wants to know .Li Lei wants to know Peter here yesterday .4. I think this is a good idea.(改为否定句)I this a good idea.5. He has been to Beijing before.He said he been to Beijing before.二.把下列句子改写成宾语从句1. You were ill yesterday. (I hear)2. How old is he? (He doesnt know3. Have they finished the experimen