联盟驱动型创新政策的新发展讲义

1、1联盟驱动型创新政策的新发展： 集体知识和日本产学合作联盟2008年8月22日 日本日本东东京法政大学京法政大学2内容 介绍1.理论探索： 集体知识和集体战略2. 日本的创新政策：实地调查3. 经验分析4. 结论3介绍 政府的重组 2001年4月：90个国家公共机构、医院和博物馆成为62个自主管理机构（IAI）。减少了72000名工作人员。4引进第三方评估 自主管理机构：法律，1999 2004年4月：99个国家级大学变成89个自主国家级大学机构。 5法律系统重组 2005年5月，企业法改革外部CEO的参与 2006年4月，反垄断法改革 Heavy Surcharge 1997年12月，控股公

2、司的恢复Restoration of Holding Company6自主管理机构的管理转型 依照日本创新政策的转型 联盟驱动型研究和发展71.理论探索 产学联盟的理论 集体战略 集体智慧 集体知识 群众智慧8集体战略 Astley, W., Fombrun, C., “Collective Strategy: Social Ecology of Organizational Environments,” Academy of Management Review, vol.8, 1983. Yami, Sad, “Fondements et Perspectives des Stratgies

3、 Collectives,” Revue Franaise de Gestion, No.167, pp.91-104, 2006.9集体战略的类型 (A&F)Commensalistic(Within Industry)Symbiotic(Inter- Industries)直接关系ConfederateConjugate间接关系AgglomerateOrganic10创业创业管理管理战战略略竞竞争争战战略略集体集体战战略略Comprehension of Strategies11集体智慧 Academy of Artificial Intelligence in Japan had

4、 a special issue on Collective Intelligence in 2003. Takadama, K. 2003. Ikegami, T.2003. The Wisdom of Crowd by James Surowiecki in 2004.12集体战略和集体知识Commensalistic Symbiotic 直接关系ConfederateShared KnowledgeConjugateSymbiotic Knowledge间接关系AgglomerateLocal KnowledgeOrganicCommon Knowledge13集体知识和协同工作Comm

5、ensalisticSymbiotic 直接关系ConfederateShared KnowledgeClear PurposeConjugateSymbiotic KnowledgeUnexpected Result 间接关系AgglomerateLocal KnowledgeEngineering with ObjectsOrganicCommon KnowledgeAnonymous Community14集体知识的模型 Horaguchi, H.H. (2008) “Economics of Reciprocal Networks: Collaboration in Knowledge

6、 and Emergence of Industrial Clusters,” Computational Economics, vol. 31, issue 4, pages 307-339. 15设置Settings Cournot competition with Graph Theory. Knowledge creating companies collaborate through Network. Simulation of Equilibrium Quantity and Mathematical Proof for Hub and Spoke Type or Circular

7、 Network.16Cournot Competition by Four Firms17Matrix to be Inverted: 4 by 418Hub and Spoke Type:Cournot Competition by Four Firms19Matrix to be Inverted: 4 by 1202122232425Matrix to be Inverted: Free Scale Network26Production Level of Free Scale Network3108. 6Total Production Level: =1,999,912,327,7

8、28,270,000,000,000 27下一步研究 Agent-based Simulation Creation of Cluster How many Clusters are made out of random settings of parameters? Why seven ? Competition between Clusters28集体知识的特征 知识遵照战略 不同领域的知识由Various field of Knowledge is gathered by a type of collective strategies. What are incentives of co

9、llecting together? Productivity is really higher? How one can measure the result?292. Innovation Policy in Japan: Field Survey Conference for Industrial Competitiveness (Sangyo Kyosouryoku Kaigi, March, 1999. May 2000.) Private Meeting for Prime Minister Obuchi and Prime Minister Mori. Innovate Japa

10、n Project: March 2003-Feb. 2004. by Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei). Strategy to Create New Industry (Shinsangyo Soushutsu Senryaku, May, 2004). Ministry of Economy and Industry.30Innovation Policy in the 2000s 31Major Characteristics Creation of Regional Innovation Hot Spots Interdisciplinary Researc

11、h Business University Alliances Creating Local Funds Tax Exemption on the Initial Funding Local Innovation Community: visible for Policy makers and publics32Characteristics continued. Post-grant patent review, Creating Measures for National Innovation Performance: Innovation Scorecard Intellectual p

12、roperty protection Technology Roadmap33Knowledge Cluster Initiative Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT, Knowledge Cluster Initiative: 18 cities, 5,000-9,000 million yen 5 years. 2002-2006/ 2003-2007/ 2004-2008. The Second Round of the Knowledge Cluster Initiative, 2

13、007-2011.3421Nano, Bio, IT, Semi-conductor, Environ-ment500 million yen per yearUniversity,Business, Local Govt. Alliances6 Clusters start in 200735The Second Round: 6 Cities, 1 billion yen5 years Fukuoka: Advanced System LSI Development Initiative: Silicon Sea Belt. Nagano: Smart Device by Nano Com

14、posite Osaka+Kobe: Bio-Medical Cluster Sendai: Proactive Health Care Cluster Hamamatsu: Opt-Electronics Cluster Sapporo: Bio Cluster36Saito & Kobe ClusterBiomedical Cluster Kansai37Regenerative Medicare: Embryonic Stem Cell3839404142Fukuoka Kitakyushu R&D Hub of Advanced System LSI43Automati

15、c Design System of LSI444546Sonny KyushuCMOS Sensor/CCD47Case Study in Toyama in 2006 “Type B cell lymphocyte” is placed on a “Cell Chip” with small wells and responses to calcium is checked. Toyama University, Medical Department and Engineering Department, Sugino Machine, Richell, Toyama Industrial

16、 Technology Center. SC World, a venture company, was created.484950515253Professor Atsushi Muraguchi and Professor Hiroyuki Kishi54555657Industrial Cluster Project Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI, Industry Cluster Project. 9 regions divided by the local “Bureau of the METI. 17 projects

17、, 9800 small and medium companies, 290 Universities and Polytechnics5859AIST Second Research Strategy, 2007 603. Empirical Analysis Questionnaire Survey to Knowledge Cluster Initiative in June 2006. 16 response. How Coordinators see the performance of the Cluster. Questionnaire + Equation61Some Empi

18、rical Study: Hypothesis Business Based Projects (BBPs) in the Knowledge Cluster Initiatives are the functions of coordination efforts, facilities, and orientations.62Poisson Regression Dependent Variable: Business Based Projects (BBPs) in the Clusters. Independent Variables: Organizing Academic Meet

19、ing (Call) Outgoing to see other clusters (Out) Agglomeration of S/Medium Industry (Agg) Satisfaction to incubation facilities (Sat) Orientation to practical research (Prac)63BBPs =f(x), N=16 Coef. Std. Err. z P|z| -Call | -1.842763 .5601328 -3.29 0.001 Out | -2.996145 .7385951 -4.06 0.000 Agg | 1.6

20、65521 .6360508 2.62 0.009Sat | 2.052094 .4848901 4.23 0.000Prac | 1.667146 .7365967 2.26 0.024 64 Coef. Std. Err. z P|z| 95% Conf. Interval Wide | -1.635962 .9045719 -1.81 0.071 -3.408891 .1369659 *Call | -1.842763 .5601328 -3.29 0.001 -2.940603 -.7449225 *Out | -2.996145 .7385951 -4.06 0.000 -4.443

21、765 -1.548525 Exi | -.4760456 .4226983 -1.13 0.260 -1.304519 .3524278 *Agg | 1.665521 .6360508 2.62 0.009 .4188844 2.912158 Inc | .7971039 .4658868 1.71 0.087 -.1160174 1.710225 *Sat | 2.052094 .4848901 4.23 0.000 1.101727 3.002461 *Prac | 1.667146 .7365967 2.26 0.024 .2234432 3.110849 Fund | .03178

22、21 .4328245 0.07 0.941 -.8165383 .8801025 *Cord | -1.26837 .6466512 -1.96 0.050 -2.535783 -.0009565 Bug | .7694866 .4959993 1.55 0.121 -.2026541 1.741627 Ven | -.5306217 .3766186 -1.41 0.159 -1.268781 .2075371 *Pop | .000737 .0003611 2.04 0.041 .0000292 .0014448 *Uni | -.4826261 .1508763 -3.20 0.001

23、 -.7783382 -.186914 *Year | -1.829666 .5893387 -3.10 0.002 -2.984748 -.6745833 _cons | 13.0171 3.188632 4.08 0.000 6.76749 19.266765 Independent Variables and Control Variables. Wide: Wider range of collaboration with other universities or companies Call: Organizing Academic Meeting Out: Outgoing to see other clusters by Coordinator Exi: Holding Exhibition Agg: Agglomeration of Small/Medium Industry Inc: Existence of Incubation Manager Sat: Satisfying the facility of incubation. Prac: Orientation to practical research. Fund: Importance of Fundamental Research. Cord: No problem in c