电气安全工器具试验规程

1、Bibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.中国东北电力工程服务公司中国东北电力工程服务公司China northeast Electric Power Engineering & Services Co.LtdMaintenance Procedure 维 护 程 序电电气气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程

2、序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure400Responsible Organization负责的组织ELEDocument code 文件编号2016-09-23-06Total page总页数 45author 作 者reviewer 审 核 人authorization 批 准 人Name 姓 名Signature 签 名Date 日 期Name 姓名Signature 签 名Date 日 期Name 姓 名Signature 签 名Date 日 期王成新黄中永黄代柱Controlled distribution list 受

3、控 分 发 清 单Recipients 收件人Quantity数量External organization 外部组织Quantity数量ELE1Document history 文 件 历 史 记 录Date 日期(yyyy/mm/dd)Version版本Language语言 (c/e/b)Author作者Revise description 修订说明2016/09/23ACe王成新First issue 初版Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test p

4、rocedure页码： 2 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.目录1. PURPOSE 目的.32. APPLICAB

5、LE 适用范围.33. REGULATION AND DOCUMENT 规范引用及相关文件.34. DEFINITION 定义 .45. CAPACITIVE TYPE VOLTAGE DETECTORS 电容型验电器.106. TYPE WITH SHORT CIRUIT GROUNDING LINE 携带型短路接地线.147. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE GROUNDING LINE 个人保护接地线.17 8. INSULATING ROD 绝缘杆.189. PHASING TESTER 核相器.2010. INSULATION COVER 绝缘罩.2311. INSULATI

6、NG CLAPBOARD 绝缘隔板.2512. INSULATING PAD 绝缘胶垫.2613. INSULATING BOOTS 绝缘靴.2814. INSULATING GLOES 绝缘手套.3015. CONDUCTIVE SHOES 导电鞋.3216. SEAT BELTS 安全带.3417. SAFETY HELMET 安全帽.3618. CLIMBERS 脚扣.4119. LIFTING PLATE 升降板.4220. BAMBOO(MOOD) LABBER 竹（木）梯.4321. TEST REPORT 试验报告.44Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序

7、电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 3 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communi

8、cated without NEPCS authorization.1. PURPOSE 目的本规程规定了各种常用电力安全工器具预防性试验的项目、周期和要求，并提供了相应的试验方法，用以判断这些工器具是否符合使用条件，保证工作人员的人身安全。The provisions of this procedure for all kinds of commonly used electric power safety instruments preventive test project, cycle and requirements, and provide the corresponding te

9、st method, to determine whether these instruments in line with the conditions of use, guarantee the personal safety of staff.2. APPLICABLE 适用范围本程序适用于本规程不适用于带电作业工器具。This procedure is applicable to this standard does not apply to live working instruments.从国外进口的安全工器具应以该工器具的产品标准为基础，参照本规程执行。Safety instru

10、ments imported from abroad should be on the basis of the instruments of product standards, the present regulations.3. REGULATION AND DOCUMENT 规范引用及相关文件REGULATION 规范性引用文件The procedure is written base on the following regulations. 本程序基于下列规程进行编写。DATE 日期CODE 编号TITLE 标题GB 28112812-89安全帽及其试验方法Safety helme

11、t and its test methodGB 4385-1995防静电鞋、导电鞋技术要求Anti-static shoes, conductive technical requirementsGB 60956096-85安全带safety beltGB 7059.17059.3-86移动式梯安全标准Movable ladder safety standardsMaintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 4 / 47文件代码： Er

12、ror!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.GB 12011-2000电绝缘鞋通用技术条件Electrical insulating shoes gen

13、eral technical conditionsDL 408-91电业安全工作规程（发电厂和变电所电气部分）Electrical safety work procedures (power plant and substation electrical part)DL 409-91电业安全工作规程（电力线路部分）Electrical safety work procedures (power line)DL 740-2000电容型验电器Capacitive type voltage detectorsSD 332-89携带型短路接地线技术标准Type with short circuit g

14、rounding line technical standards DOCUMENTS 相关联的文件DATE 日期CODE 编号TITLE 标题GB 1695-81硫化橡胶工频击穿介电强度和耐电压的测定方法Vulcanized rubber breakdown dielectric strength and power frequency voltage resistance methodGB 11176-89电绝缘橡胶板Rubber insulating sheet GB 12168-90带电作业用遮蔽罩Protective cover for live working GB 13398-9

15、2带电作业用绝缘杆通用技术条件Live working with insulating rod general technical conditionsGB 17622-1998带电作业用绝缘手套通用技术条件General technical conditions for live working with insulating glovesDL/T 596-1996电力设备预防性试验规程Electric power equipment preventive test proceduresMaintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序

16、Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 5 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS aut

17、horization.4. 定义 DEFINITION4.1 电力安全工器具力安全工器具 ELECTRIC POWER SECURITY INSTRUMENTS防止触电、灼伤、坠落、摔跌等事故，保障工作人员人身安全的各种专防止触电、灼伤、坠落、摔跌等事故，保障工作人员人身安全的各种专用工具和器具。用工具和器具。PREVENTPREVENT TOTO GETGET ANAN ELECTRICELECTRIC SHOCK,SHOCK, BURNS,BURNS, FALLSFALLS ANDAND FALLFALL ACCIDENTS,ACCIDENTS, ENSUREENSURE THETHE S

18、TAFFSTAFF PERSONALPERSONAL SAFETYSAFETY OFOF ALLALL KINDSKINDS OFOF SPECIALSPECIAL TOOLSTOOLS ANDAND INSTRUMENTS.INSTRUMENTS.安全工器具分为绝缘安全工器具和一般防护安全工器具两大类。安全工器具分为绝缘安全工器具和一般防护安全工器具两大类。SecuritySecurity andand instrumentinstrument insulationinsulation safetysafety instrumentsinstruments andand generalgen

19、eral protectprotectionion safetysafety andand instrumentinstrument dividesdivides intointo twotwo broadbroad categories.categories.绝缘安全工器具又分为基本绝缘安全工器具和辅助绝缘安全工器具。绝缘安全工器具又分为基本绝缘安全工器具和辅助绝缘安全工器具。Insulation safety instruments is divided into basic insulation safety instruments and supplementary insulatio

20、n instruments.基本绝缘安全工器具是指能直接操作带电设备或接触及可能接触带电基本绝缘安全工器具是指能直接操作带电设备或接触及可能接触带电体的工器具，如电容型验电器、绝缘杆、核相器、绝缘罩、绝缘隔板等，体的工器具，如电容型验电器、绝缘杆、核相器、绝缘罩、绝缘隔板等，这类工器具和带电作业工器具的区别在于工作过程中为短时间接触带电体这类工器具和带电作业工器具的区别在于工作过程中为短时间接触带电体或非接触带电体。在本规程中，将携带型短路接地线也归入这个范畴。或非接触带电体。在本规程中，将携带型短路接地线也归入这个范畴。Basic insulation safety instruments

21、refers to can operation directly electrified equipment or contact and may be charged body contact and instrument, such as capacitance type electroscope, insulating rod, nuclear phase inverter, the insulation cover, insulating plate, etc., this kind of instruments and the difference between live work

22、ing instruments work charged body for a short period of time in the process of contact or non-contact Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 6 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织

23、：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.charged body.Type in this discipline, will carry a short circuit grounding line also in this category.辅助绝缘安全工器具是指绝缘强度不是承受设备或线路的工作电压，辅助

24、绝缘安全工器具是指绝缘强度不是承受设备或线路的工作电压，只是用于加强基本绝缘安全工器具的保安作用，用以防止接触电压、跨步只是用于加强基本绝缘安全工器具的保安作用，用以防止接触电压、跨步电压、泄漏电流电弧对操作人员的伤害，不能用辅助绝缘安全工器具直接电压、泄漏电流电弧对操作人员的伤害，不能用辅助绝缘安全工器具直接接触高压设备带电部分。属于这一类的安全工器具有：绝缘手套、绝缘靴接触高压设备带电部分。属于这一类的安全工器具有：绝缘手套、绝缘靴、绝缘胶垫等。、绝缘胶垫等。Supplementary insulation safety instruments refers to the dielectr

25、ic strength is not bear the working voltage of equipment or line, only to strengthen security work basic insulation safety instruments, to prevent the contact voltage and step voltage and leakage current arc to the injury of the operator, cannot use supplementary insulation safety instruments direct

26、 contact with high voltage equipments live part.Fall into this category of safety instruments are: insulating gloves, insulated boots, insulation pads, etc.一般防护用具是指防护工作人员发生事故的工器具，如安全带、安全一般防护用具是指防护工作人员发生事故的工器具，如安全带、安全帽等，在本规程中，将登高用的脚扣、升降板、梯子等也归入这个范畴。帽等，在本规程中，将登高用的脚扣、升降板、梯子等也归入这个范畴。导电鞋也归入这个范畴。导电鞋也归入这个范

27、畴。General protection appliance is refers to the protection of staff accident and instrument, such as seat belts, helmets, etc., in this discipline, will be used in high climbers, lift plate, ladders, etc. Also in this category.Conductive shoes also in this categoMaintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全

28、工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 7 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated w

29、ithout NEPCS authorization.ry.4.24.2 预防性试验预防性试验 preventive test为防止使用中的电力安全工器具性能改变或存在隐患而导致在使用中为防止使用中的电力安全工器具性能改变或存在隐患而导致在使用中发生事故，对电力安全工器具进行试验、检测和诊断的方法和手段。发生事故，对电力安全工器具进行试验、检测和诊断的方法和手段。In order to prevent the use of electric power safety and instrument performance change or exist hidden dangers caused

30、 by accidents occurred in use, the electric power safety and instrument testing, detection and diagnosis method and means.4.34.3 高压高压 high voltage对地电压在对地电压在 1000V1000V 以上。以上。The voltage above 1000 v4.44.4 低压低压 lowlow voltagevoltage对地电压在对地电压在 250V250V 及以下。及以下。In ground voltage 250 v and below.4.54.5

31、电容型验电器电容型验电器 Capacitive type voltage detectors 通过检测流过验电器对地杂散电容中的电流，检验设备、线路是否带通过检测流过验电器对地杂散电容中的电流，检验设备、线路是否带电的装置。电的装置。By testing through the electroscope of stray capacitance of electric current, test equipment, the line is charged4.64.6 携带型短路接地线携带型短路接地线 Type with short circuit grounding line用于防止设备、线

32、路突然来电，消除感应电压，放尽剩余电荷的临时用于防止设备、线路突然来电，消除感应电压，放尽剩余电荷的临时Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 8 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel:

33、 Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.接地的装置。接地的装置。Used to prevent equipment, lines suddenly calls, eliminate the induced voltage, put all the remaining charge of temporary grounding device.4.74.7 个人保护接地线个人保护接地线 Personal pr

34、otective grounding line主要用于防止感应电压危害的个人用接地装置。主要用于防止感应电压危害的个人用接地装置。Mainly used for personal use to prevent induced voltage harm grounding device.4.84.8 绝缘杆绝缘杆 insulatinginsulating rodrod用于短时间对带电设备进行操作的绝缘工具，如接通或断开高压隔离用于短时间对带电设备进行操作的绝缘工具，如接通或断开高压隔离开关、跌落熔丝具等。开关、跌落熔丝具等。For a short period of time for the i

35、nsulation of the electric equipment to operate tools, such as on or off falling high-voltage isolating switch, fuse, etc.4.94.9 核相器核相器 phasing tester 用于检别待连接设备、电气回路是否相位相同的装置。用于检别待连接设备、电气回路是否相位相同的装置。Dont stay connected devices is used to check, whether the electric circuits of the phase of the same d

36、evice.4.104.10 绝缘罩绝缘罩 insulating cover由绝缘材料制成，用于遮蔽带电导体或非带电导体的保护罩。由绝缘材料制成，用于遮蔽带电导体或非带电导体的保护罩。Made of insulating materials, used to cover a charged conductor or not chMaintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 9 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! Refere

37、nceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.arged conductor shielding.4.114.11 绝缘隔板绝缘隔板 insulating cell用于隔离带电部件、限制工

38、作人员活动范围的绝缘平板。用于隔离带电部件、限制工作人员活动范围的绝缘平板。Used for belt electric components, limited the staff activities of insulating plate.4.124.12 绝缘胶垫绝缘胶垫 Insulated pad加强工作人员对地绝缘，由特殊橡胶制成的橡胶板。加强工作人员对地绝缘，由特殊橡胶制成的橡胶板。ToTo strengthenstrengthen thethe staffstaff ofof insulation,insulation, mademade ofof specialspecial

39、rubberrubber rubberrubber sheet.sheet.4.134.13 绝缘靴绝缘靴 insulating boot由特种橡胶制成的，用于人体与地面绝缘的靴子。由特种橡胶制成的，用于人体与地面绝缘的靴子。Made of special rubber, used in the human body and the ground insulated boots4.144.14 绝缘手套绝缘手套 insulating gloves由特种橡胶制成的，起电气绝缘作用的手套。由特种橡胶制成的，起电气绝缘作用的手套。Plays a role of electrical insulati

40、on, made of special rubber gloves.4.154.15 导电鞋导电鞋 conductive shoes由特种导电性能橡胶制成的，在由特种导电性能橡胶制成的，在 220220500kV500kV 带电杆塔上及带电杆塔上及 330330500500 kVkV 带电设备区非带电作业时为防止静电感应电压所穿用的鞋子。带电设备区非带电作业时为防止静电感应电压所穿用的鞋子。made of special conductive rubber performance in 220 500 kV electric tower and 330 500 kV electric equi

41、pment to prevent electrostatic induction voltage when working area is not charged by wearing shoes.Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 10 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：E

42、LEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.4.164.16 安全带安全带 safety belt高空作业中预防坠落伤亡的个人防护用品。高空作业中预防坠落伤亡的个人防护用品。Aerial work in the personal protective equipment to prevent fall injuri

43、es.4.174.17 安全帽安全帽 helmethelmet对人体头部受外力伤害起防护作用的帽。对人体头部受外力伤害起防护作用的帽。The human head from external damage protection cap.4.184.18 脚扣脚扣 grapplersgrapplers用钢或合金材料制作的攀登电杆的工具。用钢或合金材料制作的攀登电杆的工具。Made of steel or alloy materials of climbing pole tool.4.194.19 升降板升降板 lifting board 由脚踏板和吊绳组成的攀登电杆的工具。由脚踏板和吊绳组成的攀

44、登电杆的工具。Composed of the pedals and wire pole tool.4.204.20 竹（木）梯竹（木）梯 Bamboo (wood) ladder由木料、竹料制作的登高作业的工具。由木料、竹料制作的登高作业的工具。Made of wood, bamboo material elevating operation tools.5 5 电容型验电器电容型验电器 Capacitive type voltage detectors5.15.1 电容型验电器的试验项目、周期和要求见表电容型验电器的试验项目、周期和要求见表 1 1 The test items of cap

45、acitance type electroscope, period and requirements are shown in Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 11 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /A

46、ddress: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.table 11.1. 表表 1 1 电容型验电器的试验项目、周期和要求电容型验电器的试验项目、周期和要求 Table 1 the test items of capacitance type electroscope, cycle and requirements 序号NO项目 project周期period要求 demand说明 ex

47、plain1起动电压试验 Starting voltage test1 年 1 year起动电压值不高于额定电压值的 40%，不低于额定电压的 15%Starting voltage value is not higher than 40% of the rated voltage value, not less than 15% of the rated voltage实验时接触电极应于试验电极相接触Experiment with electrode electrode contact shall be given to the test2工频耐压试验 Power frequency wit

48、hstand voltage test1 年 1 year工频耐压 KV Power frequency withstand voltage kv 额定电压 KV rated voltage kv试验长度 M test length M1min5min100.745/350.995/631.0175/1101.3220/2202.1440/3303.2/3805004.1/580Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 12 /

49、47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.5.25.2 试验方法试验方法 testtest methodmethod5.2.15.

50、2.1 验电器起动电压试验验电器起动电压试验 Electroscope starting voltage test高压电极由金属球体构成，在高压电极由金属球体构成，在 1m1m 的空间范围内不应放置其他物体，的空间范围内不应放置其他物体，将验电器的接触电极与一极接地的交流电压的高压电极相接触，逐渐升高将验电器的接触电极与一极接地的交流电压的高压电极相接触，逐渐升高高压电极的电压，当验电器发出高压电极的电压，当验电器发出“电压存在电压存在”信号，如信号，如“声光声光”指示时，记录指示时，记录此时的起动电压，如该电压在（此时的起动电压，如该电压在（0.4）倍额定电压之间，则认

51、为试）倍额定电压之间，则认为试验通过。验通过。High voltage electrode made of metal sphere, in the space of the 1 m should not be placed within the scope of other objects, the electroscope electrode contact with a grounded ac voltage of high voltage electrode contact, rising high voltage electrode voltage, when the electro

52、scope signal voltage existence, such as light instruction, record the starting voltage, such as the voltage between (0.15 0.4) times the rated voltage, argues that test passed..2 工频耐压试验工频耐压试验 power-frequency voltage-withstand test高压试验电极布置于绝缘杆的工作部分，高压试验电极和接地极间的高压试验电极布置于绝缘杆的工作部分，高压试验电极和接地极间的长度

53、即为试验长度，根据表长度即为试验长度，根据表 1 1 中规定确定两电极间距离，如在绝缘杆间有中规定确定两电极间距离，如在绝缘杆间有金属连接头，两试验电极间的距离还应在此值上再加上金属部件的长度，金属连接头，两试验电极间的距离还应在此值上再加上金属部件的长度，绝缘杆间应保持一定距离，以便于观察试验情况。接地极和高压试验电极绝缘杆间应保持一定距离，以便于观察试验情况。接地极和高压试验电极Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instrument test procedure页码： 13

54、/ 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.以宽以宽 50mm50mm 的金属箔或用导线包绕。的金属箔或用导线包绕。Work p

55、art of the high voltage test electrode arrangement in the insulation rod, high voltage test electrode and the length of the grounding electrode is the length of the test, according to table 1 shall be determined in the distance between two electrodes, such as metal connector between the insulating r

56、od, the distance between the test electrode should also on the value plus the length of the metal parts, insulating rod should keep a certain distance between, in order to facilitate observation test.Grounding electrodes and the high voltage test electrode at 50 mm wide metal foil or wire.对于各个电压等级的绝

57、缘杆，施加对应的电压。对于对于各个电压等级的绝缘杆，施加对应的电压。对于 1010220kV220kV 电压电压等级的绝缘杆，加压时间等级的绝缘杆，加压时间 1min1min；对于；对于 330330500kV500kV 电压等级的绝缘杆，加电压等级的绝缘杆，加压时间压时间 5min5min。ForFor eacheach voltagevoltage gradegrade insulatinginsulating rod,rod, thethe correspondingcorresponding voltagevoltage applied.Forapplied.For 1010 2202

58、20 kvkv voltagevoltage classclass insulationinsulation lever,lever, pressurizedpressurized timetime 1 1 min;Inmin;In 330330 500500 kvkv voltagevoltage gradegrade insulatinginsulating rod,rod, pressurizedpressurized timetime 5 5 min.min.缓慢升高电压，以便能在仪表上准确读数，达到缓慢升高电压，以便能在仪表上准确读数，达到 0.750.75 倍试验电压值倍试验电压值

59、起，以每秒起，以每秒 2%2%试验电压的升压速率至规定的值，保持相应的时间，然后迅试验电压的升压速率至规定的值，保持相应的时间，然后迅速降压，但不能突然切断，试验中各绝缘杆应不发生闪络或击穿，试验后速降压，但不能突然切断，试验中各绝缘杆应不发生闪络或击穿，试验后绝缘杆应无放电、灼伤痕迹，应不发热。绝缘杆应无放电、灼伤痕迹，应不发热。SlowlySlowly increaseincrease thethe voltagevoltage Maintenance procedure 维护程序维护程序电气电气 安全工器具安全工器具试验程试验程序序Electrical safety and instru

60、ment test procedure页码： 14 / 47文件代码： Error!Error! ReferenceReference sourcesource notnot found.found.Organization 负责的组织：ELEBibiyana-II Power plant NEPCS /Address: , Tel: Fax: This document is the property of NEPCS. It cannot be used, copied or communicated without NEPCS authorization.toto accurateaccurat