专家和你想的不一样

1、专家和你想的不一样吃什么最“健康”？专家和你想的不一样We surveyed Americans and a panel of nutrition experts about which foods they thought were good or bad for you.我们针对美国人和一组营养专家进行问卷调查，询问他们觉得哪些食物对身体好，哪些不好。Is popcorn good for you? What about pizza, orange juice or sushi? Or frozen yogurt, pork chops or quinoa?爆米花对身体好吗？披萨、橙汁或者

2、寿司呢？冷冻酸奶、连骨猪排或藜麦怎么样？Which foods are healthy? In principle, its a simple enough question, and a person who wishes to eat more healthily should reasonably expect to know which foods to choose at the supermarket and which to avoid.哪些食物是健康的？原则上讲，这是个很简单的问题，希望吃得更健康的人应该会知道该在超市选什么食物，避开什么。Unfortunately, the

3、answer is anything but simple.可惜答案绝没那么简单。The Food and Drug Administration recently agreed to review its standards for what foods can be called “healthy,” a move that highlights how much of our nutritional knowledge has changed in recent years and how much remains unknown.美国食品与药品管理局(The Food and Drug

4、 Administration)最近同意重新审视它有关何为“健康”食物的标准，这一举措凸显出我们的营养知识在最近几年发生了多大的变化以及还有多少是未知的。With the Morning Consult, a media and polling firm, we surveyed hundreds of nutritionists members of the American Society for Nutrition asking them whether they thought certain food items (about 50) were healthy.我们和媒体与民调公司晨

5、间顾问(Morning Consult)一起对数百名营养学家美国营养学会(American Society for Nutrition)的成员做问卷调查，询问他们是否认为某种食物（约50种）是健康的。The Morning Consult also surveyed a representative sample of the American electorate, asking the same thing.晨间顾问也在美国选民中选取有代表性的人群做问卷调查，向他们征询了同样的问题。The results suggest a surprising diversity of opinion,

6、 even among experts. Yes, some foods, like kale, apples and oatmeal, are considered “healthy” by nearly everyone. And some, like soda, french fries and chocolate chip cookies, are not. But in between, some foods appear to benefit from a positive public perception, while others befuddle the public an

7、d experts alike. (Were looking at you, butter.)结果显示意见非常多样，令人意外，即便在专家群体内也是如此。没错，几乎所有人都认为羽衣甘蓝、苹果和燕麦等一些食物是“健康的”；汽水、炸薯条和巧克力曲奇则不是。但在介于二者之间的区域，一些食物似乎得益于正面的公众观念，而其他的则让公众和专家都感到困惑。（说的就是你，黄油。）“Twenty years ago, I think we knew about 10 percent of what we need to know” about nutrition, said Dariush Mozaffarian

8、, the dean of the Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. “And now we know about 40 or 50 percent.”有关营养，“20年前，我认为我们知道大约10%我们需要知道的东西，”塔夫茨大学弗里德曼营养科学与政策学院(Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University)院长达柳什·莫扎法里安(Dariush Mozaffarian)说。“现在我们知道40%或50%。”Heres what

9、 we found.以下是我们的发现。Of the 52 common foods that we asked experts and the public to rate, none had a wider gap than granola bars. More than 70 percent of ordinary Americans we surveyed described it as healthy, but less than a third of nutritional experts did. A similar gap existed for granola, which l

10、ess than half of nutritionists we surveyed described as healthy.在我们请求专家和公众评分的52种常见食物中，没有什么比燕麦棒获得的评价差异更大。在参与调查的普通美国人中，有超过70%认为它是健康的，但只有不到三分之一的营养专家也这么想。对麦片的看法同样存在这种巨大的差异，少于一半的受调查营养学家认为它是健康的。Several of the foods considered more healthful by everyday Americans than by experts, including frozen yogurt, a

11、 SlimFast shake andgranola bars, have something in common: They can contain a lot of added sugar. In May, the Food and Drug Administration announced a new template for nutrition labels, and one priority was to clearly distinguish between sugars that naturally occur in food and sugars that are added

12、later to heighten flavors. (Youd be surprised how many foods contain added sugar.) Its possible nutritionists know this, but the public still does not.相比于专家，普通美国人认为更健康的几种食物冻酸奶、速瘦(SlimFast)奶昔、燕麦棒等有一些共同特征：他们包含很多额外的糖分。今年5月，美国食品与药品管理局宣布了营养标示的新样板，其中一项优先项是明确区分食物中自然产生的糖分和后来为了加强口味而加入的糖分。（你会惊讶于有那么多食物包含额外的糖。）

13、有可能营养学家明白这一点，而公众还不知道。On the other end of the spectrum, several foods received a seal of approval from our expert panel but left nonexperts uncertain. Most surprising to us was the reaction to quinoa, a “superfood” grain so often praised as healthful that it has become the subject of satire. (At the

14、moment, The New York Times cooking site offers 167 recipes for quinoa, roughly a third of which are explicitly tagged “healthy.”)另一方面，有好几种食物获得了专家群体的认可，但非专家群体却感觉未必。对我们来说最让人吃惊的是对藜麦的反应，这种“超级食品”谷物如此频繁地被赞扬为有益健康的，以致它变成了讽刺的对象。（此刻，纽约时报美食频道上提供了167种藜麦食谱，大约有三分之一都被明确标注为“健康”。）In addition, tofu, sushi, hummus, wi

15、ne and shrimp were all rated as significantly more healthful by nutritionists than by the public. Why?除此以外，营养专家给予豆腐、寿司、鹰嘴豆泥、红酒、虾的健康评分也比公众的打分高出许多。为什么呢？One reason may be that many of them are new foods in the mainstream American diet. Our colleague Neil Irwin measured mentions of trendy foods in Times

16、 coverage over the years, and found that quinoa had only recently picked up steam. Others may reflect mixed messages in press coverage of the healthfulness of foods. Shrimp was long maligned for its high rate of dietary cholesterol, though recent guidelines have changed. And public messages about th

17、e healthfulness of alcohol are conflicting: While moderate drinking appears to have some health benefits, more consumption can obviously have real health costs.其中一个原因可能是它们中有许多是美国主流饮食中的新出现的食物。我们的同事尼尔·欧文(Neil Irwin)统计了纽约时报过去多年报道中提到流行食物的情况，发现藜麦的流行度是最近才开始上升。其他的可能反映了媒体在报道食品健康程度时传达的信息有些含混。因为膳食胆固醇含量高，

18、虾长久以来一直被错误地看待，不过最近的饮食指南已经发生了变化。有关酒的健康程度的公众信息相互矛盾：尽管适度饮酒似乎在一定程度上有益健康，但更多的饮用显然会让人付出实实在在的健康代价。We werent surprised to find areas in which both ordinary Americans and experts disagreed.不出所料的是，我们发现在有些领域，普通美国人和专家的意见并不一致。We expect researchers to be better informed about current research, and everyday consum

19、ers to be more susceptible to the health claims of food marketers, even if the claims are somewhat dubious.我们预料研究人员对目前的研究状况会有更多了解，认为普通消费者更容易受到食品卖家健康说法的影响，哪怕那些说法有点可疑。But some of the foods in our survey split both the public and our panel of experts.但我们调查的一些食物令公众和专家群体内部都产生了分歧。Four of the foods listed

20、above steak, cheddar cheese, whole milkand pork chops tend to have a lot of fat. And fat is a topic few experts can agree on. Years ago, the nutritional consensus was that fat, and particularly the saturated fat found in dairy and red meat, was bad for your heart. Newer studies are less clear, and m

21、any of the fights among nutritionists tend to be about the right amount of protein and fat in a healthy diet.调查表中列出的食物有四种牛排、切达干酪、全脂奶和连骨猪排似乎脂肪含量比较多。脂肪是一个很少能有专家意见一致的话题。多年前的营养共识是脂肪对心脏不好，尤其是奶制品和肉类中的饱和脂肪。更新一些的研究结论没那么清晰，营养学家之间的争执点似乎在于健康饮食中蛋白质和脂肪的正确含量上。The uncertainty about these foods, as expressed both b

22、y experts and ordinary Americans, reflects the haziness of the nutritional evidence about them. (If youre a steak lover and you find this news discouraging, our colleague Aaron Carroll has written that red meat is probably fine in moderation.)专家和普通美国人在这些食物问题上表现出的不确定性，反映出有关它们的营养学证据的模糊。（如果你是个牛排爱好者，你觉得

23、这条消息令人沮丧，那我就告诉你，我们的同事阿伦·卡罗尔Aaron Carroll写过，适度食用红肉或许没有问题。）Its clear that many shoppers do want to eat healthful foods but are unsure what to choose. To gain some perspective on this, we asked Google which foods were most commonly part of a simple search: “Is blank healthy?” We used these results

24、 to generate some of our survey questions. The food people were likeliest to ask about was also one nutritionists generally approve of: sushi.显然很多顾客的确想吃健康的食物，但他们不确定该选什么。为了在这方面获得一些认知，我求助于谷歌(Google)，问该公司以下的简单搜索中最常见的部分是什么：“空格是健康的吗？”我们用这些搜索结果设计了问卷中的一些问题。这些关心饮食的人最有可能问到的，也是营养学家普遍认可的一种食物，那就是寿司。There are so

25、me areas of nutritional consensus. Nearly everyone agreed that oranges, apples, oatmeal and chicken could safely be described as healthy, and also agreed that chocolate chip cookies,bacon, white bread and soda could not.有些领域存在营养方面的共识。几乎所有人都同意，橙子、苹果、燕麦和鸡肉可以比较安全地被列为健康食品，也同意巧克力曲奇、培根、白面包和汽水则不是。Where doe

26、s this leave a well-meaning but occasionally confused shopper? Reassured, perhaps: Nutrition science is sometimes murky even to experts.对一个动机良好但偶尔会感到困惑的消费者来说，这会带来什么影响？或许是安心：营养学有时甚至对专家来说都是含糊不清的。Your overall diet probably matters a lot more than whether you follow rigid rules or eat just one “good” or

27、 “bad” food. Our colleague Aaron Carroll has published a list of common-sense rules for healthful eating, which represents a good start.相比于你是否严格遵守饮食法则，或是否吃一种“好的”或“不好的”食物，你的整体饮食可能要重要得多。我的同事阿伦·卡罗尔列过一系列常识性的健康饮食法则，这代表一个不错的开始。We also asked our experts whether they considered their own diet healthful

28、, and how they described it. Ninety-nine percent of nutritionists said their diet was very or somewhat healthy. The most popular special diet type was “Mediteranean”; 25 percent of our nutritionists picked it. But the most common answer, even for experts, was “no special rules or restrictions.”我们也询问

29、了专家，他们是否认为自己的饮食是健康的，以及他们会如何描述。99%的营养学家表示，自己的饮食非常或比较健康。最受欢迎的特殊饮食类型是“地中海式”；我们调查的营养学家有25%选了这种。但最常见的答案，哪怕对专家来说，也是“没有特别的规则或限制。”重大的改变能从两个方面改善你的生活People dread changes be they big or small but changes are not as horrible as many believe. Regardless of what happened in your life, even the most drastic change

30、 can turn your life upside down.人们都害怕改变-使他们变好或变坏-但是改变不是像许多人认为的那样可怕。不管你的生活中发生了什么改变，哪怕是最重大的改变都会对你的生活产生影响。Change the quality of life改变生活质量Your quality of life can either drop or increase it all depends on you. While some people let depression rule their lives, others fight with it. Statistics show many

31、 people ruined their lives by getting into bad habits like smoking, drinking, antidepressants and drugs.They use bad habits to calm their pains, but all they do is slowly destroying their lives.你的生活质量将变好还是变坏完全取决于你自己。然而有些人用消极的态度来对待自己的生活现状，另外一些人却为了改善自己的生活现状而不断奋斗。统计资料显示许多人由于养成了一些坏习惯例如抽烟、喝酒、服用抗抑郁药和毒品而毁掉

32、了自己的生活。他们利用这些坏习惯来麻痹自己的伤痛，但是他们做的这一切是在慢慢地摧毁他们的生活。重大的改变能从两个方面改善你的生活.jpgRemember we have only one life? Take advantage of a drastic change to improve your quality of life. I found a better job that has improved my finances and reduced my stress level. If I was not fired, I would not solve my financial p

33、roblems. It was all for the best.记得吗我们只有一次生命？利用一次重大改变中的有利条件来改善你的生活质量。我找到了一份更好的工作，这份工作改善了我的经济状况同时减轻了我的压力。如果我没有被解雇，我就不会去想办法解决我的收入问题。现在一切都比过去好。Declutter your life and reduce stress调整你的生活以及减轻压力We have too many people and things that drain our energy, destroy our dreams, affect every facet of our lives a

34、nd make us miserable. A drastic change can help you declutter your life and get rid of anything and anyone that bring stress and misery into your life.It is a hard process and sometimes it seems impossible to remove those you have known for ages from your life for good.在我们的生活中会遇到很多人和事，他们会消耗我们的精力，破坏我

35、们的梦想，影响我们生活的方方面面以及让我们很痛苦。一个重大的改变能够帮你调整自己的生活状态同时让你摆脱任何给你生活带来压力和痛苦的人和事。那是一个艰难的过程，有时让你永远地忘记那些你认识了很久的人似乎是不可能的。Drastic changes leave you no choice. If you had to move to another country (or continent) that might be a sign that you need new people in your life. If he broke up with you right before your bi

36、g day, it might be better for you. Embrace any change in your life and look on the brightest side in any complicated situation. A positive attitude is one the best cures here. It is a lot easier to overcome a drastic change when you believe in a positive outcome. Just as George Bernard Shaw stated,

37、“Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.”重大的改变让你不能选择。如果你迁居到了另一个国家（或者大洲）那可能是个信号意味着在你的生活中需要认识一些新的朋友。如果在你有重大活动的日子之前他和你分手了，那样可能对你更好。去拥抱你生命中所有的改变，面对任何复杂的情形都要去看最好的一面。积极的态度是解决问题最好的方式。当你相信结果会是很乐观的时候，战胜一次重大的改变将会更加容易。正如萧伯纳所说：“没有改变，不可能进步。那些无法改变自己想法

38、的人，什么事情也改变不了。”13岁女孩患上侏儒症 竟是化妆品惹的祸Manman is a 13 year old girl with a pretty face in Hankou, a city in central China's Hubei province. She had always been of an average height during growing up.曼曼是一名生活在中国中部湖北省汉口市的女孩，13岁的她容貌姣好。在成长的过程中，她一直是中等身高。But in the past two years, Manman has not grown at all

39、. After a body check at the hospital, Manma was diagnosed with dwarfism.但是在过去的两年里，曼曼一点也没长高。在去医院检查身体之后，她被诊断为侏儒症。Surprisingly, the cause of her growth change was cosmetic products.令人吃惊的是，让她生长发生变化的原因竟然是化妆品。13岁女孩患上侏儒症 竟是化妆品惹的祸!Manman's mother is one of those trendy hot moms who pay a lot of attentio

40、n to the looks. Ever since Manman was five, her mother started to put make up on her and dress her like a beautiful Barbie doll.曼曼的妈妈很时髦，非常注重外表。自从曼曼5岁起，妈妈就开始给她化妆，把她打扮地像是一个漂亮的芭比娃娃。However, Manman stopped growing since two years ago and her height remained at 1.4 meters (4.5 ft). After her mother took

41、 her to the hospital, Manman was later confirmed to have a case of dwarfism.不过两年前，曼曼不再长高，身高一直是1米4（4.5英尺）。妈妈把她带到医院检查，结果却被诊断为侏儒症。"Manman's bone age is 16 years old and her bone epiphyseal has closed already. She probably would never grow any taller anymore," said the doctor. After commun

42、ication with Manman and her mother, the doctor concluded because she has been wearing make up since an early age, consequently an over intake of oestrogen is the major cause of Manman's dwarfism."曼曼的骨龄是16岁，骨骺已经愈合，以后可能再也不会长高了，"医生这样说道。在与曼曼及其妈妈交流之后，医生推断曼曼患侏儒症的原因是很小的时候就开始化妆，导致雌激素的摄入量过多。The

43、 acting physician would like to remind parents that children's skin are still poor to function fully for the purpose of bodily defense, and is more sensitive than adults'. Using cosmetics at an early age can be very harmful for children in many ways.医生警告父母，孩子的皮肤层非常薄，无法充分发挥保护身体的功能，比成人的皮肤更加敏感。

44、在很小的年龄就开始使用化妆品会对孩子造成很大的伤害。If a child grows less than 5 centimeters a year since the age 3 to puberty, parents should be alert of the situation and have the child checked at the hospital.在3岁至青春期期间，如果孩子每年长不够5厘米，父母就应该有所警惕，要带着孩子到医院去做检查。给久坐族的福利 不去健身房也瘦臀又瘦腿哦Do you think that your butt and/or thighs are to

45、o big in relation to your upper body? Do you dislike formal exercise, gym membership, and diet programs but still want to get a smaller butt and/or thighs? Consider the following steps that force you to exercise more.你有没有觉得你的臀和（或是）大腿与你的上体相比太过宽大了？你是不是讨厌正经的锻炼、健身房办卡以及节食计划，可又想要瘦臀和（或）腿呢？看看下面这些步骤吧，它们能促使你更

46、多地锻炼。Take the stairs instead of the elevator orescalator whenever possible whether in a hotel, office building, or out shopping.即使可以乘电梯或扶梯，仍选择走楼梯，无论你在宾馆、办公大楼还是外出逛街。Ride your bicycle instead of driving your car, depending upon your destination, the weather, and safety concerns.从你的目的地、天气和安全方面考量，用骑车代替开

47、车。Walk fast whenever you do walk, instead of walking lazily, to burn more calories. At least, vary your pace.只要是步行，就快步走来燃烧更多卡路里，而不是慢慢悠悠地走。至少，改变你的步调。When you drive, park away from the building to force you to walk a greater distance than you normally would.如果你开车了，把车停在离你要去的那栋建筑物远一点的地方，迫使你走上比平常更长的一段距离。

48、When you could sit, stand. Try not to sit down when at home talking on the phone, playing a musical instrument, or other activities. At the office, stand during conferences and meetings.当你能坐的时候，站着。当你在家讲电话、演奏乐器或是干其他事时，试着别坐着。在办公室里，站着开会或是会谈。Learn ways to exercise even when doing normal sit-down activit

49、ies such as watching television and computer. For example, hula hoop while watching TV.对于一些平常坐着完成的事，例如看电视和在电脑面前，学一些在这种时候可以锻炼的方法。比如在看电视时转呼啦圈。Do your housework to music. Move faster and get the chores done more quickly, all while exercising at the same time.在做家务时放音乐。行动更快，也更快地做完家务，与此同时还达到了锻炼的目的。玩纸牌等游戏有

50、助中风患者康复!Playing simple card games, such as snap, can help stroke patients with their recovery, say Canadian researchers. Playing Jenga, bingo or a games consol like Wii worked equally well.加拿大的研究人员近日表示，多玩儿像Snap这样的纸牌游戏有助于中风病人的康复。玩儿层层叠，宾果游戏或者Wii这样的体感游戏机也有同样的好处。They told the Lancet Neurology that the t

51、ype of task used for motor rehabilitation might be less relevant, as long as it is intensive, repetitive and gets the hands and arms moving.研究人员接受柳叶刀神经病学杂志采访时表示，采用何种恢复方法不是最重要的，重要的是这种方法要有足够的强度，适合反复进行，令病人的手臂和双手得到运动。The researchers designed their study to test whether virtual reality gaming, which is i

52、ncreasingly being employed as a rehab therapy for stroke patients, is any better than more traditional games for honing upper limb motor skills.虚拟现实游戏在恢复病人上肢运动能力的过程中愈发常见，研究人员设计了一项实验，来评判虚拟现实游戏和传统游戏各自的治疗效果。神奇!玩纸牌等游戏有助中风患者康复!The Canadian team recruited 141 patients who had recently suffered a stroke, and now had some impaired movement in one or both of their hands and arms.这个加拿大的研究团队招募了141位最近患上中风的病人，其中一些病人的某只手，某只手臂或者双手双臂直到如今仍存在行动障碍。Approximately half of the patients, at random, were then allocated to the Wii rehab, while the r