（整理版高中英语）第二册Unit1Makingadifference

1、第二册unit 1 making adifferencei单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1obviously 2agricuitural 3curiously，4debate 5disabled 6misunderstanding 7science 8observatlon 9prediction 10criminal 11intelligence 12patience 13expemment；experimental高考须掌握的短语：1on 2by 3with 4of/about 5out 6up 7satlstied 8take/have 9if 10around

2、考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1promising adj有前途的，有希望的eg： liu xiang is a promising player刘翔是位很有前途的运发动。 the weather looks promising天气看起来有望好转。相关链接；promise vt许诺，容许，预示，有希望 1容许，许诺，(有)希望用法拓展：(1)ptomise sbsth容许某人某事 promise sbto do sth容许某人干某事 promise that+从句eg： she promised me a quick answer她容许我从速答复。 my

3、father promised me to buy a new bike我父亲容许给我买辆新自行车。 early mist promises fair weather晨雾预示着好天气。 (2)make a promise许诺keep a promise信守诺言 break a promise不守诺言特别提醒：promise sbto do sth表示主语积极去干某事而不是宾语干。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1-1 (典型例题perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper co

4、mes from the hightech industry ltself，which sees printing as one of its most new marketapromised bpromising c1ucky dfuture 考题1-2 do you know a saying that the raindow fair weather? aallows bpermits cpromises dturns out考题11点拨：答案为b。解答此题的关1e是明确此处需要一个形容词，由此排除掉d，再根据意思应为“有前途的，有希望的，句意为“或许，电脑及因特网的使用促进人们对纸张的

5、需求的最好迹象高于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 考题12点拨：答案为c。根据句意a、b两项与题干不符，此题考查promise表示“预示，句意为：“你知道彩虹预示着将有好天气这个谚语吗?2satisfy vt使满意eg： the progress 1 have made in my studies doesn't sat!sfy my parents at a11我在学习上取得的进步根本不能使我父母满意。 with the problem settled，they were both satisfied with the results 问题解决了，他们

6、双方对这一结果都很满意。相关链接lsatt。sfying adj令人满意的 satlsfied adj满意的，快乐的 satisfactory adj令人满意的 satisfaction n满意 用法拓展：satisfy sb使某人满意satisfy one's needs满足某人的需要satisfy one's desire(curiosi。ty)满足某人的欲望(好奇心) be satisfied with对感到满意a satisfying end令人满意的结局 to one's satlsfaction使感到满意/快乐考题2 after the _ meal, th

7、ere was a smile on his face. a. satisfying; satisfying b. satisfied; satisfying c. satisfied; satisfied d. satisfying; satisfied考题2点拨：答案为d。解答此题关键要清楚：satisfying令人满意的，satisfied满意的，meal应该用satisfying修饰，smile此处应用sarisfied表示满意的表情，是指“他满意而不是令别人满意。句意为；“吃了令人满意的一餐，他的脸上露出了满意的笑容。3engage vt使订婚；雇佣，聘请；预定(房间，座位)；从事，

8、忙于eg： john is engaged to mary约翰与玛丽订了婚。 they engaged a cook in that summer那个夏天他们雇了一个厨子。 he was buslly engaged in painting the furniture他忙于油漆家具。相关链接：engaged adj忙碌的，使用中的用法拓展：engage sbto sb使某人同某人订婚 be engaged to sb与某人订婚(表状态) get engaged to sb与某人订婚(表动作) be engaged in sth/doing sth正忙着特别提醒：engage是及物动词，后面必须

9、有宾语，因此engage通常用作被动形式。考题3-1 (典型例题),1 分)my sister has re-cently got engaged a foreign teacher, who has been engaged education research for years. a. with; in b. to; in c. with; on d. in； for考题3-2 do you know tom has mary for over two years? a. engaged to b. got engaged to c. been engaged with d. been

10、engaged to考题3-2点拨。答案为d。此题考查get engaged to表动作ibe engaged t。表状态，此题的关键词为for over two years(-sg一段时间)，句意为：“你知道汤姆和玛丽已订婚两年多了吗?4mean vt意思是；意欲；打算 eg：missing the choice means waiting for a very long time agein错过这次时机意味着再等待很长一段时间。 i didn't mean to start an argument我并不想争论。相关链接；meaning，1意思，含义meaningful adj意味深

11、长的，富有意义的 meaningiess无意义的，无目的的用法拓展：mean doing sth意味着干某事mean to do sth意欲(想)干某事 what do you mean by saying sth?你说是什么意思?特别提醒;mean当“意味着讲时后接doing，当“意欲，打算后接to do。考题4-1 (典型例题)in some parts of london，missing a bus means for another hour awaiting bto wait cwait dto be waiting考题4-2(典型例题一一why haren't you bo

12、ught any butter? 一i to，but i forgot about it a1iked bwishes cmeant dexpected考题41点拨；答案为a。根据句意，mean表示“意味着，意思是须和doing连用，句意为：“在伦敦的一些地方，错过一趟班车意味着再等一个小时。考题42点拨；答案为c。根据句意，此空需要一个表示“打算之意的词，a项liked表示“喜欢，愿意，b项wishes表示“希望，d项expected表示“期待，而c项mean to do表示“打算。句意为：“你为什么不买些黄油?我原打算买，但我忘记了。二、重点短语5turn out结果是；原来(情况是)，关

13、掉。生产，制造eg： im sure it will all turn out wetlin the end我确定最后结果会很好。 the plan turned out a failure这项方案结果归于失败。 the rumour turned out(to be)true那谣言后来证明是真的。用法拓展：turn out+adv结果是turn out(to be)+adj/n原来是，证明是 it turns out that结果是；后来证实turn out生产，制造；关掉，熄灭特别提醒；turn out当“证明是结果是讲时后接名词或形容词，且无被动形式。考题5 (典型例题 分)the we

14、ather to be very good, which was better than we could expect. a. made out b. turned out c. went out d. carried out考题5点拨：答案为b。此题考查短语动词的意义辨析。make out意为“起草，识别出；理解；turn out意思为“结果是；后来证明是；生产tgo out意为“外出，熄灭，不流行carry out意为“完成，执行，实行，其中turn out后常接“to be十adj/n结构，根据题意b 项符合，句意为：“结果那天的天气很好，这是我们没有料到的。61illeke a di

15、ffei-ence有关系，起重要作用 eg：your support wiil carteinly make a difference in our cause你的支持当然会对我们的事业起作用。 it makes a difference which you choose你选择哪一个，事关重大。用法拓展：make some difference to对有些影响 make no/little difference to对没有关系 make a11 the difference关系重大，大不相同 there is much dfference in/from/between在某个方面不同/和某个不

16、同/在两 者间不同特别提醒：make a/no difference常用it作形式主语，后接wh一从句。考题6 it makes no to me what you say:im not going. a. efforts b. decision c. difference d. choice考题6点拨：答案为c。此题考查短语动词词义辨析。make efforts意为“努力，make a decision意为“决定，make a choice意为“选择，roeke a difference意为“有关系，make no differertce意为“没关系，根据题意应选rnake no dffer

17、ence，而又符合用h作形式主语的“lt makes no difference-wh这一句型。句意为：“不管你说什么对我都无所谓，反正我不去。三、重点交际用语7thclogs no doubtthat毫无疑问 i doubt that我认为不可能eg： there is no doubt that what he has done has done great harm to us 毫无疑问他所作的事情伤害了我们。 i doubt that tom will come this afternoon我认为今天下午汤姆不可能来。相关链接：no wonder难怪用法拓展：doubt of/abou

18、t对持疑心态度doubt if/whether拿不准 there is no doubt about it毫无疑问。 without doubt无疑地，确实地一beyond all doubt毫无疑问(常作插入语)一no doubt特别提醒；doubt用作动词，后接名词性从句，疑问句和否认句时用连接词that；肯定句一般用连接词 if，whether等，假设肯定句用that，那么表示对某事表示疑心。doubt作名词用，用no修饰。考题7 -can'i believe in our monitor? - he is honest. a. don't worryabout it b

19、. there's no doubt about it c. that's kind of you to say so d. just so so考题7点拨：答案为b·此题考查交际用语，根据题意a、c、d选项答非所问；there's no doubt about it意为“毫无疑问，正符合题意，句意为：“我可以相信我们班长吗?没问题，他非常老实。四、重点句型8only+(句中)状语+倒装语序 nor/neither/never/hardly/seldom+倒装语序 eg： only in this way can you make progtess in yo

20、ur english只有这样你英语才能取得进步。seldom in my life have i met so determined a person一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。特别提醒：(1)only后只有接状语时才用倒装语序，假设only后接主语，用正常语序。 eg： only you can work out the problem只有你能做出这个题。 (2)这种句型的倒装语序须用助动词/情态动词来构成eg： by no means will we give in to the unreasonable demand我们决不屈服于不合理的要求。考题8-1 ( 典型例题 分 ) can

21、you, expect to get a pay rise.a. with hard work b. although work hard c.only with hard work d. now that he works hard考题8- 2( 典型例题分 ) not a, single song at yesterday's party.a. she sang b. sang she c. did she sing d. she did sing考题81点拨：答案为c。根据题干，句子运用了倒装，符合倒装条件的只有c项，句意为：“只有通过努力工作，你才能希望得到 加薪。 考题82点

22、拨：答案为c。根据题干，句子开头运用了否认词not，句子需要运用倒装，应选c，句意为：“在昨天的晚会上她没唱一支歌。五、词语辨析9please，pleased，pleasing，pleasant，pleasure please vt请(用于礼貌请求)使某人快乐/满意/愉悦 pleased adj(某人)快乐的，满意的 pleasing adj令人快乐的，令人愉快的 pleasant adj令人愉快的，舒适的(侧重外界作用，如修饰人，意为“讨人喜欢的) pleflsure nu愉快，快乐，快乐；c乐事 eg： with pleasure非常乐意for pleasurefor fun取乐 h

23、9;s(a)pleasure没什么；不客气；荣幸。 it's a pleasure to do sth干某事是一种乐趣。 考题9 (典型例题) no one was with the result of the experiment than dick. a. pleased b. pleasant c. more pleased d. much pleased考题9点拨：答案为c。考查be pleased with对感到满意，而题干有than表比拟故逸c不选a。句意为：“时于实验的结果，没有一个人比迪克更快乐了。 语法归纳 精通规那么 游刃有余the infinitive(动词不定式

24、)动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。它与动词原形同形，一般由“to+动词原形构成，有时也不带to。它具有动词、名词、形容词、副词的特征。如果不定式的动词是及物动词，其后须有宾语，可以用状语来修饰。一、动词不定式的形式主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing二、动词不定式的用法1现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 eg： he seems to know this他好似知道了这件事。 i hope

25、 to see you again我希望再见到你。 一i hope that ill see you again2完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 eg： im sorry to have given you so much trouble对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。 he seems to have caught a cold他好似感冒了。 注意：(1)表示过去没有实现的期待或方案，多用表希望、方案等动词的不定式+have+过去分词的形式。常用的动词有：expecthope，plan，promise，want，wish等。 eg：she wanted to have met

26、you at the railway station。but she didn't get there in time她 本想去火车站接你，但她没有及时赶到那里。 (2)表示未能实现的愿望。常用的形式是：should(would)like to have done。 eg： i should(would)like to have jiven her the gift我原想把这个礼物送给她的。(结果没送成)3进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 eg： he seems to be eating something他好似在吃东西。4完成进行时：表示动作持续了一段时间。

27、 eg：she is known to have been doing some research in this problem据说她一直在就这个问题做一些研究。三、动词不定式具体所作成分1作主语：不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 eg： it's so nice to hear your voice听到你的声音真快乐。 its clever of her to join the army对她来说，参军是聪明的举动。 it's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it 当你不用车的

28、时候，锁车是有必要的。 注意：(1)带有for sb的不定式通常用表示客观现实的形容词。 eg：easy，difficult， hard，important，possible，impossible，comfortable，necessary，better等。 (2)带有of sb的不定式短语作主语通常用表示主观感情或态度的形容词。常用的有： careful，clever，foolish，good，impolite，kind，nice，right，wrong等。 2作表语：在系动词之后作表语。 eg： our plan is to finish the work in three weeks我们

29、的方案是三周内完成这项工作。 注意：(1)如果主语局部含有实义动词“do'，表语的不定式又是表示“do"的内容，这时不定式的to可有可无。 eg： all i did was wait here我所做的就是在这里等待。 (2)常用不定式作表语的动词有be，get，remain，seem，appear等。 (3)主语(事物)+be+不定式，其不定式表示主语的具体内容。 (4)主语(人)+be+不定式，其不定式表示将来动作，有“准备；即将之意。 eg： we are to help the old man我们将去帮助这位老人。 3作宾语：具体分为： (1)动词+不定式 此类动词有

30、：afford，aim，appear，agree，arrange，ask，decide，bother，care，choose， come，dare，demand，desire，determine，expect，elect，hope，fail，happen，help，hesitate，learn，long，mean，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seem，tend， wait，wish，undertake等。 eg： the driver failed to see the other car in time司机没能及时看见另一

31、辆车。 1 happen to know the answer to your question我碰巧知道你那个问题的答案。 (2)动词+宾语+不定式 此类动词有：ask，beg，choose，expect，hate，help，intend，like，love，need，prefer，prepare，promise，want，wish等。 eg： i like you to keep everything tidy我喜欢你让所有东西都保持整洁。 (3)动词十疑问词+to此类动词有：decide，know，consider，forget，learn，remember，show，understan

32、d，see，wonder，hear，find out，explain，tell等。 eg：there are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that i can't make up my mindwhich to buy有这么多种录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 please show us how to do that请给我们演示如何做。 (4)介词宾语。 eg：he expects nothing but to go home他只想回家。 autumn harvest is about to start快要秋收了。 4作定语： (1

33、)与所修饰的词有动宾关系。 eg：i have a iot of books to read我有很多书要读。 she is a very nice person to work with她是一个很好共事的人。 (2)与被修饰词有主谓关系。 eg：the station to produce electricity will be set up next year一座发电站明年将要建起来。 he is always the first to come and the last to leave他总是第一个来，最后一个走。 (3)解释被修饰词。 eg： he had no chance to go

34、 to school before liberation解放前，他没有时机上学。 it is my turn to be on dutytodax今天轮到我值日了。 注意：不定式作定语时，必须放在它所修饰的词的后面，而且往往是放在其他后置定语的后面。 5作状语： (1)表示目的。 to，only to(仅仅为了)，in order toso as to，so(such)as to(如此以便)eg： he ran so fast as to catch the first bus他飞快地跑，以便赶上第一班车。 i came here only to say goodbye to you我来仅仅是

35、向你辞别。 (2)表示结果。表示事先没有预料到的。要放在句子后面。 eg： you are so kind as to show me the way你真好，给我指路。he is old enough to join the army他已经到了参军的年龄了。考题1 ( 典型例题1 分 ) do let your mother know all the truth. she appears everything.a. to tell b. to be told c. to be telling d. to have been told考题2 (典型例题 )i would love to the

36、party last night, but i had to work extra hours to finish a report. a. to go b. to have gone c. going d. having gone考题3 (典型例题)robert is said abroad, but i don'tknow. what country he studied in. a. to have studied b. to study c. to be studying d. to have been studying his girlfriend is only too g

37、lad to come here他的女朋友真是很快乐来这里。 the problem is too difficult for you to work out这道题太难了，你做不出来。he worked hard only to fail at lfist他工作很努力，但结果却以失败告终。四、动词不定式省略to的情况1情态动词后面(ought除外)； 2使役动词let，have，make后的宾补；3感官动词see，watch，look at，notice，observe，hear，listen to，smell，feel，find等后作宾补，省略to； 注意：在被动语态中to不能省掉。 eg：

38、i saw him run out一he was seen to run out 我看到他跑了出去。 the boss made them work the whole night一they were made to work the whole night 老板让他们工作了一整晚。4would rather，had better，cannot but等后； 5why not；6help后的不定式作宾补可带to，也可不带to，help sb(to)do sth；7but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式；8由and，or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个

39、to可以省去。考题1点拨：答案为d。appear to dq结构，由句意可知被告知一切发生在谓语表示的动作之前，所以用不定式完成式的被动式。考题2点拨：答案为b。would love to do结构，动作发生在昨晚，所以用不定式的完成式。考题3点拨:答案为a。sb/sthis said to do结构。表示动作发生在be said之前，所以用不定式的完成式。专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专提探究：如何提高书面表达的档次(一)学会使用较高级的词汇专题详解： 首先让我们来看近年来全国高考英语书面表达的评分标准：第五档：“覆盖所有主要内容；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为

40、尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；到达了预期的写作目的。 可见，高考书面表达评分标准在语言的运用上对考生提出了更高的要求。也就是说在考查考生语言准确性的根底上，进一步强调了用词的得体性、表达方式的多样性。如果同学们仅运用根底的词汇和根本的句型，不能表达出较强的语言运用能力，即使要点齐全，表达没有语法错误，也不能给人一种含金量高的审美享受，因此很难在考试的评分中得到高分。评分标准给我们传递了另外一个信息，如果有意识地使用较高级词汇或复杂结构，即使有些错误，也不扣分，仍属于最高档次。因此要使一个平淡的文章变得丰富起来，从而提高书面表达的档次。我认为同学

41、们应着力于从以下方面入手。学会使用较高级的词汇： 词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。从评分标准可知，运用高级的词汇对提高书面表达的分数至关重要。大家先来看下面这些句子： (1)because the weather was good，our iourney was comfortable/ thanks to the good weather,our journey was comfoitable.(2)we all think he is a great man./we all think highly of him.(3)suddenly i thought ou

42、t a good idea came upon. /a good idea occurred to me. /a good idea suddenly struck me.(4)the students there needn't pay for their books./books are free for the students there.(5)as a result the plan was a failure./the plan turned out(to be) a failure.(6)when she heard he had died, she went pale

43、with sorrow./at the news of his death,she went pale with sorrow.(7) she went to austria in order to study music./she went to austria for/with the purpose of studying music.(8)when he spoke, he felt more and more excited./the more he spoke, the more excited he felt.(9)in our school, there are twenty-

44、six classrooms./our school is made. up of twenty-six classrooms./twenty-six classrooms make up our school.(10)you can find my house easily./you'll have no trouble/diffi-culty finding .my house. 从以上句子中可以看出，所谓较高级的词汇，并不是这样的词汇多么难以拼写，而是在英语表达中的一些地道的、符合英语表达习惯的一些词汇，这点应引起考生的高度重视。v考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回忆1 测试

45、语法 (典型例题分)the purpose of new technology is to make life easier it more difficult anot making bnot make cnot to make dnor to make1c 点拨：不定式的否认式作目的状语。 回忆2 测试考点8(典型例题failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies ai realized b1 had realized chad i realized ddid i reali

46、ze2d点拨：此题考查“only+状语+助动词+主语这一倒装句型。 回忆3 测试考点5(典型例题 wanted to get home before dark。but it didn't quite as planned amake out bturn out cgo on dcome up3b点拨：根据题意“我们想在天黑前到家，但最后并没像我们方案的那样。make out“弄清楚，come up“被提出，出现，不符合题意。 回忆4 测试语法(典型例题分)this company was the first portable radio as weil as cassette tape

47、 record ers in the world aproducing bto produce chaving produced dproduced4b点拨不定式短语作后置定语修饰the first。句意为：“这家公司是世界上第一家生产便携式收音机和盒式录音机的公司。回忆5 测试考点7(典型例题rad was jane's brother! he reminded me so much of jane! ano doubt babove all cno wonder dof course5c点拨no wonder“难怪，因为brad是jane的兄弟，他经常提到jane就没有什么奇怪的了

48、。no doubt“毫无疑问，与题意不符。回忆6 测试语法(典型例题e flu is believed by viruses that like to produce in the cells inside the human nose and throat acausing bbeing caused cto be caused dto have caused6c点拨sthis believed to do据信做某事。根据后面by判断用不定式的被动式。回忆7测试语法 (典型例题don't know whether you happen ，but im going to study i

49、n the usathis beptember ato be heard bto be hearing cto hear dto have heard7d点拨：happen to have heard碰巧已经听说，表示动作发生在don't know之前。回忆8 测试语法 (典型例题 news reporters hurried to the airport。only the film star had left ato tell bto be told ctelling dtold8b点拨：动词不定式与only连用，表示未曾预料的结果。回忆9 测试语法(典型例题u were silly

50、 not your car ato lock bto have locked clocking dhaving locked9b 点拨：根据谓语动词的时态可确定要用动词不定式的完成时，表示过去所发生的事。回忆10 测试语法(典型例题e teacher asked us so much noise adon't make bnot make cnot making dnot to make10d点拨：ask sbnot to do sth让某人不要做某事。回忆11 测试语法 (典型例题 army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had b

51、een ordered clear warnings before firingany shots ato issue bbeing issued cto have issued dto be issued11a点拨：order后接主语补足语时，要接带to的动词不定式，构成be ordered to do sth句意为；“军队发言人强调说，已命令所有战士在开火前发出明确警告。高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 预测1：不定式的完成式 预测根据：非谓语动词中对不定式的考查，不会仅仅停留在原形上，而是多方面，多角度进行考查，不定式的完成式即to have done是近几年高考考查的热点，并

52、且这种热度会持续下去。预测2：sb/sthis said to do sth句式预测根据：sb/sthis said to do sth句式是一个常用句式，但很多考生熟悉it is said that句式，而对此句式的把握不到位，但这是考查的重点，务必引起足够重视。预测3：only引导的倒装句 预测根据：在倒装句式中，only后接副词、介词短语或状语从句时，主句要局部倒装，这是一个难点，也是考题设题的重点之一。预测4：turn out的用法 预测根据：turn out表示“结果是；原来(情况)是时，是一个系动词词组，后接(to be)+adj/n；表示“生产；制造时，是实义动词词组。这是高考考查的一个重点词组，也是考生很容易用错的一个词组。两层意义及用法的考查会在单项选择、完形填空中出现。特别要注意：turn out用作系动词词组时无被动形式。预测5：话题预测 本单元的中心话题是“科学家，具体涉及科学家的名言、轶事、科学家的成功之道、如何向科学家学习等。高考题中与本单元有关的话题会在完形填空、阅读理解或书面表达中呈现，可能会介绍某位科学家的一些事迹，也可能展示某项创造，在书面表达中可能会根