大气污染控制工程综述

1、大气污染控制工程综述( Review of air pollution controlengineering )Review of air pollution control engineeringAbstract: China is a developing country, urbanization is accelerating the development of the economy. Because of the fact that in the past only the economic development and neglect of the environmental

2、 problems, air pollution has become increasingly serious, and the human living environment has deteriorated day by day. This paper expounds the causes of the air pollution in China, the harm to the human body and the monitoring and prevention measuresKey words: air pollution; cause of formation; har

3、m; monitoring; prevention and controlIn recent years, with the increasing population of the world and the rapid development of industry and agriculture, human activities have more and more impact on the atmospheric environment. At present, due to the irrational production activities of our humanbein

4、gs, a series of serious atmospheric environmental problems have been created- the concept of air pollutionAccording to the international standards organization (ISO) definition to air pollution: air pollution is usually due to human activities and natural processes caused by some substances into the

5、 atmosphere, showing enough concentration reached enough time and thus endanger humancomfort, health and welfare or harm the environment. According to this definition, air pollution is caused by human activities and natural processes for two reasons. This paper mainly introduces the air pollution ca

6、used by human activities. It has such characteristics as high speed of diffusion, wide range of propagation, long duration and great loss.Two. Reasons for the formation of air pollution sourcesChina is a developing country, and urbanization is accelerating. Because of the fact that in the past, econ

7、omic development was neglected and environmental problems were neglected, the air pollution became more and more serious, and the living environment of humanbeing deteriorated day by day. The reasons for the formation of air pollution sources can be classified into the following categories:2.1 Indus

8、trial EnterprisesIndustrial enterprises are the main source of air pollution, and also one of the focuses of air hygiene protection work. With the rapid development of industry, the types and quantities of air pollutants are increasing. Due to the nature, scale, process, raw materials and product ty

9、pes of industrial enterprises, the degree of air pollution is also different.2.2 life stove and heating boilerIn the residential area, with the concentration of the population, a large number of civilian life stoves and heating boilers also need to consumea large amount of coal, especially in the wi

10、nter heating time, often make the contaminated areas of smoke, this is also a source of air pollution can not be ignored.2-3 transportationIn recent decades, due to the development of transportation industry, the number of cars traveling in the city is increasing day by day. Trains, ships, aircraft

11、and other passenger and freight transportation are frequent, which adds new air pollution sources to the city. Oneof the most important things is the exhaust gas from the car.Three. The harm of the main pollutants on the human bodyThe major pollutants that affect atmospheric pollution are sulfur oxi

12、des, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, dust and so on. Some of these disposable pollutants will also produce a series of two pollutants in the atmosphere after a variety of chemical reactions, which is more harmful.1. sulfur and nitrogen oxidesSulfur oxides, sulfur from fuel (oil, coal)

13、combustion mainly refers to sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide three, their harm to humanbody is to stimulate the humanrespiratory tract, the narrow diameter resistance increases, resulting in a decline in the ability to resist bacterial infection, damage of bone marrow and spleen hematopoietic organ

14、 damage in vivo The new supersedes the old. Nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere has two sources: one is the nature of spontaneous generation, such as discharge; the other is artificially produced. Anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere of nitrogen oxides, nitrogen oxides by skin contact and ingestio

15、n of contaminated food into the digestive tract, causing harm to the human body, can also be absorbed into the body through the respiratory tract to the human body, causing more serious damage. Long life in the nitrogen oxide pollution in the environment, there will be a cough, headache, dizziness,

16、fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, frothy sputum and pulmonary edema and other diseases, or fever, shock, coma and even death. What is more serious is that NONO2 diffused and migrated in the atmosphere and formed acid rain after chemical conversion. When people breathe not gas, but whent

17、he concentration of acid mist, even if only the equivalent oxide concentration 1/10, the stimulation and harm are more serious.TwoCarbon oxidesCOis a colorless, odorless gas, and it is 210 times the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and hemoglobin, hemoglobin oxygen capacity loss caused by hypoxia, caus

18、e headaches, paralysis, and even life-threatening, according to a study in patients with coronary artery disease, chest pain will accelerate COin the atmosphere, the researchers cautioned with more doses to normal human CO smokers: risk who were suffering from angina more. CO2gas can absorb the infr

19、ared rays of the sun and raise the temperature of the earth surface, resulting in "greenhouse effect". Scientific experiments show that the concentration of CO2 increases by 1 times, and the temperature of the earthincreases by 2 40C.3. hydrocarbonsCity Atmospheric Environment in addition

20、to the general smoke and harmful gaseous pollutants - sulfur, nitrogen and hydrocarbons, etc., in the modern city, with the rapid increase of motor vehicles, to bring two pollution unexpected. One of the most famous is the effect of photochemical smog, photochemical smogand the harm has occurred fre

21、quently in the modern city.Four. Urban air pollution:According to the national 88 cities combined juice, in 1995, more than 80%of the city's total suspended particulate matter concentration exceeded the national air quality standard two, the northern city exceeded the standard rate of the southe

22、rn city, reaching 95%. Sulfur dioxide exceeded 58% of the city's statistics. The city is a serious pollution of sulfur dioxide in Guiyang and Chongqing as the representative of the southwest coal areas of the city, two is a large amount of coal consumption in North Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei and Li

23、aoning, especially in the winter heating season is most prominent. Effect of low sulfur source from the city residents stove and commercial catering industry coal-fired big hearths on atmospheric environment quality of the city can not be ignored, this source of city environment quality is more obvi

24、ous. According to the study of Chongqing, the contribution rate of civil coal-burning pollution to the sulfur dioxide concentration of urban near air is about 80%. "85" during the period of nitrogen oxide pollution city rise, major city relatively prominent, exceed the standard rate of 37%

25、, with Guangzhouand Beijing, followed by Shanghai, Anshan, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Shenyang, Lanzhou, Dalian, Hangzhou city. In recent years, manycity traffic arteries on both sides of carbon monoxide exceed the standard seriously, such as the Beijing City Center Street 3rd Ring Rd 30 road and sidewalks o

26、f carbon monoxide in the atmosphere are 100% exceed the standard, 15 Shanghai city traffic carbon monoxide concentration is 6 times higher than the control, were more than three national standards; the main traffic line of Tianjin City carbon monoxide exceed the standard several times to ten times;

27、Changsha city roads center carbon monoxide 4 times exceed the standard, exceed the standard rate of 40% years.Five. Air pollution monitoringWith the development of science and technology, the technology of atmospheric monitoring and analysis has been enriched and perfected continuously. Gradually es

28、tablished in a short time, accurate and timely detection of various harmful gas analysis methods, and has been widely used. At present, the monitoring and analysis methods of air pollution accidents mainly include detection tube method, indicator paper method, instrument method, chemical analysis me

29、thod and so on.Six. Prevention and control of air pollutionThe prevention and control of air pollution is a huge systematic project. It requires the joint efforts of individuals, collectives, countries and even countries all over the world, and measures can be taken as follows:1) reasonable industri

30、al layout and environmental planning. At present, the leading industry, industry and national economy, it can be said that the industrial layout is the dominant part of production distribution system, formulate the industrial policy and industrial policy, industry access, encourage and guide the pro

31、ject into line with the industrial policy, and ultimately the formation of centralized and cluster potential. Only in this way can we achieve a unified planning of environmental protection, formulate measures, unify standards, and reduce pollution to the lowest point.2) adjust the industrial structu

32、re and build an environment-friendly society. The history does not meet industrial policy and pollution and high energy consumption industry, accelerate structural adjustment, be Guantingbingzhuan move, reduce the total emissions of pollutants and improve air quality. At the sametime, we should mobi

33、lize all social forces, adopt ways of production and consumption that are conducive to environmental protection, and establish a positive interaction with the environment,Realize the coordinated development of economy and environment.3) change the energy structure and promote cleaner production. Con

34、tinuing to take to improve the design and use of clean energy and raw materials, the use of advanced technology and equipment, improvement of management and comprehensive utilization of such measures, from the source to reduce pollution, improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce or avoid th

35、egeneration and emission of pollutants in the process of production, services and products in use, in order to reduce or eliminate the harm to human health and environment the4) strengthen energy conservation and improve energy utilization. Coal, oil and natural gas are the three major energy source

36、s in the world, the economyis developing, and the energy consumption is constantly consuming. Energy consumption will inevitably affect our atmospheric environment. Save energy and raw materials, improve energy efficiency, reduce energy and raw materials, through the conservation and reasonable util

37、ization of the raw materials of all the components through the production process as much as possible into products, eliminate waste, reduce pollution emissions, improve air quality.5) strengthen environmental supervision and management and control of old pollution sources, and implement total quant

38、ity control and discharge standards. Management is the means, governance is the measures, and now the construction of the two major environmental protection systems, including strengthening the "complete environmental law enforcement supervision system" construction, reflects the importanc

39、e of environmental supervision and management6) formulate strict emission standards and limit the use of large displacement motor vehicles. At present, the production and use of motor vehicles in our country are developing rapidly, and the pollution of motor vehicle exhaust is becoming more and more

40、 serious. Therefore, the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution is especially important. To introduce thecorresponding policies and strict emission standards for motor vehicles, serious pollution from the production, use and scrap must strictly implement the relevant policies, and to encourage the production and use of s