GMATGWD语法详解

1、. Table of contentsGWD1-Q74GWD1-Q164GWD1-Q29:4GWD1-Q30: they的指代问题，注意句子后面的逻辑意思5GWD1-Q34: 句子原来的意思如何理解？Although不是必须平行？5GWD1-Q41: 过去完成时错误。oa:C5GWD3-Q34: 逻辑意思层次不同的选项并列作迷惑项6GWD3-Q30: today-now,abundant6Q17: GWD-4-2 分词结构和with做伴随状语7Q18: GWD-4-47GWD5-Q1: oa:e 独立主格8GWD7-Q4: 比较的对象8比较小结91.一种重要结构：as,than可以做比较从句的

2、主语(as,than后面不是新的subject)92.主谓语相同，状语/介宾结构 比较（it和they refer to the subject）93.宾语比较-判断点：是否有定语修饰宾语/宾补结构：make/develop/see sth +adj.11GWD真题 According to a 1996 survey by the National Association of College an University Business Officers, more than three times as many independent institutions of higher ed

3、ucation charge tuition and fees of under $8,000 a year as those charging over $16,000.124.主系表结构，主谓结构125.数量的比较与表达方式136.同位语比较16GWD7-Q13:18GWD7-Q26: X will happen if Y happens18GWD-4-1719GWD6-Q8:19GWD6-Q17: 现在完成时错误20GWD6-Q31: that 引导从句作主语，namely20163. (33705-!-item-!-188;#058&007028) OG原题：OG10-258过

4、去完成进行时21107. (30053-!-item-!-188;#058&004625) 时态问题，典型错误 大量的插入语21178 法令的内容通常以分词引导2269. (28225-!-item-!-188;#058&003542) X of Y +时间状语22183. idiom: Expect23229. (T-9-Q34) Just as , so 23230. (T-4-Q4) “and”后面的平行！25236. (GWD-1-Q8) 伴随状语25分词/with 运用-海量例句25220. (GWD-24-8, OG12-86)2820. (25474-!-item

5、-!-188;#058&002354)29OG12-18 同位语修饰的位置！29同位语修饰-海量例句30OG12-128 descend from, thatand that平行结构30OG12-8831OG12-2431OG12-3632OG12-56 句子逻辑意思的考法：原句有逻辑错误！32OG12-43 but 后的平行32OG12-131 ：修饰语位置33OG12-67 x would happen if y happened33OG12-122 greater,more density, X will happen ,if Y happens34OG12-50 过去完成时,e

6、arlier in the year34OG12-120 介词短语的位置！35OG12-98 长难句范例35OG12-126 定语从句修饰名词性短语35OG12-137 一般现在时的标志36OG12-91 代词经典问题36OG12-113 恶心代词,misplaced prepsitional phrase，长难句的（因果）逻辑结构不能被淡化！37OG12-D39 more than likely 看平行要瞻前顾后37OG12-D4237OG12-D49 逻辑重心。修饰的逻辑38OG12-D51 A of B that修饰A38PREP07-1 用平行来掩盖逻辑意思的错误，经典！39PREP0

7、7-8 from which/to which 结构后面的动词40PREP07-16 多个and出现，注意区分哪个属于小结构40PREP07-39 把握原句and前后的信息,VAN的体现41PREP07-26 V-A-N规则41Verbal-6042Verbal-7542VERBAL-92 所有格单复数一致！the的使用42Verbal-100 定冠词the 与限定性状语从句43186. (GWD-6-Q41) and/which/who 前后的逗号43200. (GWD-6-Q8)44185. (GWD-8-Q41) 可数/不可数45159. by the time+过去完成时45PREP0

8、7 97 定语从句PK分词结构462010.5真题4726. GWD-18-Q29 each other/one another4734: GWD-18-Q31 what=the thing which4813. GWD-18-Q18 news 不可数名词49GWD18-Q34 真题诠释主动与被动的迷惑49NOT ONLY BUT ALSO小专题4930. GWD-23-Q38 冒号的用法5138. GWD26-Q38 A do,and (he) do52200. (T-3-Q14) 注意判断平行动词时情态动词的干扰5229. GWD30-Q29: 很经典的一道题，有几个陷阱53GWD1-Q7

9、as compared to.正确 Compares to 错误: A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEOs now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.A. that CEOs now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 t

10、imesB. that, on average, CEOs now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 timesC. that, on average, CEOs now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratioD. CEOs who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-coll

11、ar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratioE. CEOs now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 timesGWD1-Q16:弄清什么和什么比较 弄清什么和什么比较Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a

12、greater proportion than it was in any previous election.A. a greater proportion than it wasB. a greater proportion thanSoaring television costs accounted for a greater proportion in 1992 than they did in any previous electionC. a greater proportion than they have beenD. which is greater than was soE

13、. which is greater than it has beenGWD1-Q29:Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes

14、cast.A. Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.B. Citing faulty voting equipme

15、nt, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, a new study of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted.C. Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at

16、polling places, 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidential election, a new study estimates.D. A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million t

17、o 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not been counted in the 2000 United States presidential election.时态问题E. A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4

18、 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast.GWD1-Q30: they的指代问题，注意句子后面的逻辑意思The ancient Anasazi harvested such native desert vegetation as the purple-flowered bee plant, what they now commonly call wild spinach in northern Arizona and other parts of the southwestern

19、 United States.A. what they now commonly callB. a plant that they now commonly callC. now commonly calledD. and is now commonly calledE. which it is now commonly calledGWD1-Q34: 句子原来的意思如何理解？Although不是必须平行Although people in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, their d

20、eath rates from heart disease are far lower in France.A. people in France consume fatty foods at a rate comparable to the United States, theirB. people in France and the United States consume fatty foods at about the same rate, theC. fatty foods are consumed by people in France at a comparable rate

21、to the United Statess, theirD. the rate of fatty foods consumed in France and the United States is about the same, theE. the rate of people consuming fatty foods is about the same in France and the United States, theGWD1-Q41: 过去完成时错误。oa:CLeaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mi

22、nes, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.A. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well establishedB. as a method of the

23、extraction of minerals well establishedC. was a well-established method of mineral extractionD. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that wasE. had been a method of mineral extraction, well establishedGWD3-Q34: 从句意上来看，后面部分为举例，所以不和do little impulse shopping 平行 逻辑意思层次不同的选项并列作迷惑项Shoppers

24、 in sporting goods stores, unlike in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, not buying a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but they leave with a basketball only.A. in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, not buying a pair of skis and a boome

25、rang when they come in for a basketball, but they leave with a basketball onlyB. in department stores, shop impulsively very little; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not also buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as wellC. those in department stores, do very l

26、ittle impulse shopping, do not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but leave with only a basketball D. those in department stores, do very little impulse shopping; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not buy a pair of skis an

27、d a boomerang as wellE. department stores, shop impulsively very little; someone will not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball but will leave with only a basketballGWD3-Q30宾语比较！manufacturers make cars that are more fuel-efficient now than (those) at any other time in

28、 history: today-now,abundantTodays technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history.A. small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their B. small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in theirC.

29、small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time inD. more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in theirE. more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time intoday-now,abundant. any other time in their historyQ17: GWD-4-2oa:a 分词结构和with做伴随状语In Greek theology t

30、he supreme being was Esaugetu Emissee (Master of Breath), who dwelt in an upper realm in which the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to take away the breath of life.A. in which the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to takeB. where the sky was the floor, having t

31、he power to give and to takeC. whose floor was the sky, and who has the power of giving and of takingD. in which the sky was the floor, with the powerwith， having 可修饰floor,有歧义，应该紧靠被修饰主体 of giving and takingE. whose floor was the sky, having the power to give and takeQ18: GWD-4-4oa:c A new hair-growi

32、ng drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drugs maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.A. asB. thanC. thatD. of whatof the thing(price) whichE. at whichExplanation:this one isn't that bad if you get down to the "skeleton" of the s

33、entence. to do that, you should kill intervening prepositional phrases that don't affect the grammar of the main sentence. to this end, you can simply get rid of the following: "per milligram" "for another product" "with the same active ingredient" and you're le

34、ft with: a new drug is being sold for three times the price _ the drug's maker charges. once you see this, it should be more clear that (c) is the correct answer. if you're a non-native speaker and you can't recognize "that" as the word belonging in that blank, then here's

35、the reason: it's because "price" is the direct object of "charges". when you turn around such constructions, you use "that": i hit the ball -> the ball that i hit she delivered the baby -> the baby that she delivered etc.billy weighs three times the weight tha

36、t I weighGWD5-Q1: oa:e 独立主格So dogged were Frances Perkins investigations of the garment industry, and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker.A. and her lobbying fo

37、r wage and hour reform was persistent,B. and lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, so thatC. her lobbying for wage and hour reform persistent, thatD. lobbying for wage and hour reform was so persistent,E. so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, thatGWD7-Q4: 比较的对象Only seven p

38、eople this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the moviesless than those killed by bee stings.A. moviesless than thoseB. moviesfewer than have beenC. movies, which is less than thoseD. movies, a number lower than the peopleE. movies, fewer than the ones是movie的同位语，不是修饰

39、7 people.什么和什么比较？the ones和seven people不是比较的对象。fewer people were killed by than by fewer peole 不是less people比较小结1.一种重要结构：as,than可以做比较从句的主语(as,than后面不是新的subject)Only seven people this century have been killed by the Great White Shark, the man-eater of the movies - fewer than have been killed by bee st

40、ings .(7times as many as have been killered by bee stings)In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862, four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during D-Day.As a result of the continuing d

41、ecline in the birth rate, fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980s than did in the 1960s and 1970s, a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.VERBAL-85 According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

42、, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation's four-year colleges and universities.GWD21-Q1:According to analysts, an alliance between three major personal computer companies and mos

43、t of the nations largest local telephone companies would enable customers to receive internet data over regular telephone lines with speeds much higher than is currently possible.a with speeds much higher than isb with speeds that are much higher than arec at much higher speeds as ared at much highe

44、r speeds than thate 也体现了GMAT真题的一个特点，恶心的貌似错误的搭配做正确答案at speeds much higher than are2.主谓语相同，状语/介宾结构 比较（it和they refer to the subject）Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.To develop more accurate population f

45、orecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.A必须补出主谓，不然就是把knowledge 和now在进行比较. have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economicB. have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and econom

46、icalC. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economicalD. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economicE. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economicalEmployment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 1

47、2 months that ended in September, slightly less than they did in the year that ended in the previous quarter.There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.There is one PC for e

48、very 32 pupils in American four time as many as there were four years ago.接下来看两个倒装结构Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent than in its government buildings.In no other historical sighting did Halley's Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its retu

49、rn of 1910-1911.The investor who is uncertain about the future is more likely to put money into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than into gold.The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are nowthan 前面有now与后面的when对应，可以省略than后的主谓结构 five times grea

50、ter than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970s.OG12-93Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were last year. A. Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than las

51、对应可省略than后面的主谓结构t because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were B. Heating-oil prices are expected to rise higher this year over last because refiners pay about $5 a barrel for crude oil than they did C. Expectations are for heating-oil prices to be higher this year

52、 than last year's because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel fr crude oil more than they did D. It is the expectation that heating-oil prices will be higher for this year over last because refiners are paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil now than what they were E. It is expected that

53、heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year's because refiners pay about $5 a barrel for crude oil more than they did3.宾语比较-判断点：是否有定语修饰宾语/宾补结构：make/develop/see sth +adj.以下3题为同一题型！类似于一个定语从句修饰宾语，than后面跟that/those, 而不是it/they，不用补出助动词！197. (GWD-1-Q16)Soaring television costs account

54、ed for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.A. a greater proportion than it wasB. aa greater proportion than (that) in any previous election greater proportion thanC. a greater proportion than they have beenD. whi

55、ch is greater than was so (B)E. which is greater than it has beenTodays technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history. ( C )A small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in theirB small cars that are more fuel-efficien

56、t than they were at any time in their 不能用theyCsmall cars are more efficient now than those at any other time in history (are) small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time inD more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in theirE more fuel-efficient small cars

57、now than at any time in再来个类似的Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars in research to develop cars even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road.Once positioned in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light from source twenty times fainter than those that can be detected by ground-based instruments.If current trends continue, by the year 2010 carbon emissi