2020年高考英语刷题高分提能组合练29

1、高分提能组合练 （二十九 ） 阅读理解完形填空语法填空短文改错 I 阅读理解 （2019 河北衡水调研） What Cocktail Parties Teach Us You re at a party. Music is play ing. Glasses are cli nking. Doze ns of con versati ons are drivi ng up the decibel （分贝）level. Yet among all those distract ions, you can tune your atte nti on to just one voice from m

2、any. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktail- party effect ” Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain in the auditory cortex （ 听觉皮层 ） just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory corte

3、x boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “it s as if only one person was speaking alone，” says investigator Edward Chang. These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren t very good at multitasking our brains are

4、wired for “ selectiveattention an”d can focus on only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation （ 刺激）. But we keep trying to push the limits with multitasking, sometimes with tragic（ 悲剧的 ） consequences. Drivers talking

5、on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren t. Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness， in whi”ch people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren t focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attent

6、ion we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas （ 视网膜 ） and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “ It s a push-pull relationship t

7、he more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others ，” says Diane MBeck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois. Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that drivers talking on hands- free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-

8、held phones because it is the conversation, not the device, that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists. Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are importantlike polic

9、e officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actuallyshifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.

10、语篇解读 本文讲述的是 “ 鸡尾酒会效应 ” 的启示。 1 What have scientists in University of California found about “ the cocktail- party effect”？ A Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone. B All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level. C The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively. D

11、 Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain. D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound -editing process occurs in the brain in the auditory cortex （ 听觉皮层 ） just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. 现在，加州 大学旧金山分校 （U

12、niversity of California in San Francisco） 的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过 程在大脑中发生的位置 在耳朵后面的听觉皮层， 而不是大脑的高级思维区域。 可知， 在 到达更高的大脑之前，声音已经被整理出来了 。 2 What do we learn from the passage? A We are biologically incapable of multitasking. B We survive distractions in life by multitasking. C We cannot multitask without extra atte

13、ntion. D We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking. A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句 These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren t very good at multitasking our brains are wired for selective attention ”and can focus on only one thing at a time. (Nature) 期刊上的研究结果强调了为

14、何人们不是很擅长处理多任务 性注意 ”机制，一次只能专注于一件事。可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。 3 Which of the following is an example of “ inattentional blindness？ A A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident. B Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal. CA manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client. D A pe

15、destrian had a car accident because of phubbing （低头 ）这些上月发布在自然 我们的大脑有 “选择 D 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 Ma ny of those accide nts are due to ihatte nti onal bli ndn ess ”, in which people can, in effect, turn a bli nd eye to things they aren focus ing on. 可知, D 项 A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbi

16、ng.（ 而发生车祸。）是一个“hattentional blindness 的例子。 4. The main purpose of the passage is to _ 整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。 专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务， 但 他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力， 而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。 可 知本文的目的是 检查和评估”。 n.完形填空 In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The_1_ is that countr

17、ies around the world have growing mountains of_2 _because people are throw ing out more rubbish tha n ever before. How did we_3- a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to_4_ n object than to spe nd time and money to repair it. _5_moder n manu facturi ng （制造业）and tech no logy, companies

18、are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and_6_. Another cause is our_7_of disposable （一次性的）products. As_8_people, we are always looking for_9- to save time and make our lives easier. Companies _10- thousands of differe nt kinds of disposable products: paper pla

19、tes, plastic cups, and cameras, to n ame a few. Our appetite for new products also_11. to the problem. We are _12_buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that_13_is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we_14- useful possessions to make room for new on

20、es. All around the world, we can see the_15- of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To_16_the amount of rubbish and to protect一个行人因低头族 A . compare and contrast B. inform and explain C. argue and discuss D. examine and evaluate D 目的意图题。根据最后一段 Some people can train

21、 themselves to pay extra atte nti on to things that are importa like police officers lear n to sca n crowds for faces and con ductors can liste n for in dividual in strume nts with in the orchestra as a whole. Many more thi nk they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifti ng their atte nti

22、 on between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say. 有人可以训练自 己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力 就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔， 以及乐团指挥可以在 A 句意：另一个原因是人们对一次性产品的钟爱。 the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. _18_ , this is not eno ugh to solve our problem. Maybe there is ano ther way ou

23、t. We n eed to repair our possessions_1 _throwi ng them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about_20_. Repairing our possessions and cha nging our spe nding habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 语篇解读文章主要讲的是垃圾堆积如山及其成因和解决方法。 1. A. key C. p

24、roject D A .答案；B.原因；C.项目; 垃圾堆积如山。 B.eason D.roblem A 句意：另一个原因是人们对一次性产品的钟爱。 2. A. gifts C. debt B. rubbish D . products B 句意：因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃圾堆积成了山。 3 . A . face C. observe B A .面对；B.变得；C.观察; 扔垃圾的原因。 B . become D. change D.改变。根据 First of all. ”可知，这里讲的是乱 B . con trol D . withdraw D.撤退，收回。句意：首先，与花时间和钱

25、修理 B . As to D . Regardless of A 句意：多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更快地生产产品，成本也降低很多。 6 . A . safe B . funny C . cheap D . powerful C 根据 inexpensively 可知，成本降低的话，产品价格相对也会降低。 7 . A . love B . lack C . preve nti on D . divisi on 8A sensitive B kind B. addicted to D . ashamed for D .感到羞耻。根据 appetite 可知，人们痴迷于 B. stronger

26、 D . larger C. 更高的；D .更大的。句意：广告使人们相信新的 B. pay for D . throw away B.支付；C.抓住，坚持；D .扔掉。句意：结果是 B . purposes D. consequences D A .优点，有利条件；B.目的；C.功能，作用；D .后果。根据下句可知，这里Cbrave D 根据 9A ways Cjobs A A .方法；B.地方；C.工作； 定搭配。 10 A donate C produce C 句意：企业生产大量的一次性产品 11 A adapts C responds D. .we are always looking

27、for. ”可知， D. D adapt to 适应； return to 返回，归还； busy 人们总是在节省时间， 说明人们很忙碌。 B places D friends 朋友。 a way to do sth. “做某事的方法 ”，是固 B receive D preserve 。 B . returns D . contributes respond to 反应； con tribute to 为 . 做贡 献，促成，有助于。句意：我们对新产品的欲望也促成了这一问题。 12. A. tired of C. worried about 担心； B A .厌倦；B.沉迷于；C. 购买新产

28、品。 13. A. newer C. higher A A .更新的；B.更强壮的; 更好 . 。 14. A. pick up C. hold onto D A .捡起，学会，开车去接； 我们扔掉自己的物品来为新的腾地方。 15. A. advantages C. functions 指的是乱扔垃圾的后果。 16. A . show B. record C. decrease D. measure C A .显示，展示；B.记录；C.减少；D .测量。句意：越来越多的政府要求人们 循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾。 17. A . tech no logy B. environment C

29、. consumers D. bran ds B A.技术；B.环境；C. 消费者；D .品牌。 要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境。 18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Mea nwhile A A .然而；B.要不然； C.因此；D .同时 。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用 还不足以解决我们的问题。 19. A. by B .in favor of C. after D .in stead of D A.通过；B.支持；C.在 之后； D . 代替，而不是。句意：我们需要修理我们 的物品， 而不是扔掉它们。 20. A. spending

30、 B .collecti ng C. repairi ng D .advertis ing C A . 花费 ，度过 ； B . 收集 ； C . 修 理； D . 广告。 句意 ：我 们也 需要重 新考 虑对修 理的态度。根据下句 Repairi ng. ”可知答案。 川.语法填空 When waiting for the train , a young girl playing with her ball suddenly found it out of her han ds, 1. _ (roll)off the platform and landing on the tracks. N

31、ot only was she troubled , but the whole family were a bit upset. Overhearing their conversation, I knew that the ball2. (give)to her from her gra ndfather , 3._ _ is no Ion ger alive. It was n ot replaceable as it held precious memories. I told them I could help get it for them. I wasn t sure how,

32、but I m4._ _ (create)and felt con fide nt I would figure it out. They were hesita nt to give me their con tact in formati on. I m a nice lady, but still a stra nger, and it felt odd to them that I would want to take time out of my life 5. _ (help)them. My work colleague who was with me convinced the

33、m , “ She really is good 6 _ helping people. You really can trust her. As always in these 7. _ (situation) , you have to let one phone call lead to another until you can talk to some one who 8. _ (have)the magic key to ope n the door. But 9 _ (lucky)it took only 3 calls. A few days later I received

34、a lovely e- mail from the mom , thanking me for my help as they now have 10. _ special ball with all its memories back with the little girl. 语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在火车站台偶遇他人有困难并给予帮助的 故事。 1. rolling 考查现在分词。一个正在玩球的小女孩在等火车的时候，突然发现她的球 滚下站台，跳到轨道里去了。动词 roll 与其逻辑主语 it 之间是主谓关系，故填 rolling。 2. was given/had been g

35、iven 考查动词的时态和语态。 give sth. to sb. 意思是 给某 人某物”，根据语境此处应用被动语态，且文章的基本时态是一般过去时， give 这一动作是 过去发生的，故填 was given ;此处也可理解为 give 这一动作发生在过去的过去，故填 had been given 。 3. who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是 her grandfather，且从句缺少主语，应用指代人的关系代词，非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引 导，故填 who。 4. creative 考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知， 空处应用形容词作表语， 且动词 c

36、reate 的形容词形式是 creative，故填 creative。 5. to help 考查不定式作状语。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处应用不定式作目 的状语，故填 to help。 6. at 考查介词。根据空前的形容词 good和空后的动名词短语 helping people可知， 空处应填介词。be good at 意思是 擅长”，为固定短语。故填 at。 7. situations 考查名词复数。根据空前的 these 可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。 situation意为情况，形势时，是可数名词，故填 situations。 & has 考查主谓一致。空处所在句包含一个定语从句，关系词 who 指代其前的不定 代词 some one，不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，故填has。 9. luckily 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子，故填 luckily 。 10. the 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故填定冠词 the。 IV .短文改错 （2019 福州四校联考）When I was you ng , I lived in the coun tryside. At that time , the trees there were very gr