主动语态与被动语态

1、几主动语态与被动语态一 概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去.分词三被动语态的时态：以为 work 例:,1.一般现在时：am / is/are+ worked 丁2.一般过去时：.3. 一般将来时：shall / will +be+ worked was / were+ worked4.过去将来时 :should / would+ worked5.现在进行时:am /is/are+ being+ worked 二6. 过去进行时：was /were+ being+ worked7.过去进行时 : was/were

2、+being +worked8.现在完成时：have/has+ been+ worked9.过去完成时：had +been+ worked10.将来完成时：shall/ will +have been +worked11.过去将来完成时：should/would +have been+ worked12.情态动词 (ca n/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词四. 用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。五. 方法：Many people speak English.(主动语态)English

3、is spoken by many people.(被动语态)六. 注意以下问题：A.-带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for用 to 的常 见 词有： give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.用 for 的常见词有： make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.eg.1.Mary gave him some

4、 books.；：He was give n some books 扎 by Mary.Some books were given to him by Mary. 丁2.Her father . bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her father.、A new bike was bought for her by her father.B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。eg. 1.扎 We call him Gi na.He is called G

5、ina (by us).2.They made - me happy.I was made happy( by them).3.He asked me to come - here.C.在 see, let, make, hear,；：I was asked to come here (by him) - watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。eg. 1.We sawthem play football just now.They were seen to play football just now.2.We ofte n he

6、ar her sing in En glish.She is often heardto sing in English.D.出在某些 不及物动词+介词/副词”相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg.1.People often talk about that film.That film is often talked about.2.We shouldspeak to the old people politely.The old people should be spoken to . politely.E.主动形式表示被动意义的词：1） 某些感官动词：，

7、look, smell, taste ,扎 feel, wear ,sound, etc.2） 某些及物动词+副词：.wash, write, sell, read, ope n,：.：icut, shut, keep,etc.,1.This coat feels soft.2.The pen 扎 writes smoothly.3.That book sells well. 二4.This kind of shirtwashes easily.F.只有及物动词（vt.）才有被动语态，不及物动词（vi.）没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。eg. happenWhat was happened? /

8、xWhat is.；,. What has happened? - G.若主动句的主语是表示地点的名词，变为被动语态时，应将其变为in+名词，作地点状语，而不变为 by 的宾语。.happening?Veg. - Our village ope ned a new school last year.A new school was opened in our village last year.H.若主动句的谓语动词是know 变为被动语态时，应将其变为be known to，而不能变为be，, knownby。eg. People all over the world kn ow the G

9、reat Wall. ?_The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.I.若主动句的主语是 nobody, no - one 等否定不定代词时，变为被动语态应将其anybody, anyone 作介词 by 的宾语，并将其谓语动词改为否定的被动语态。eg. Nobody，can answer this question.This question can not be answered by anybody. 一.句型转换1. A large n umber of people speak French in Paris.Fren

10、ch,_ _a large n umber of people in Paris.2.My cous in repaired the broke n watch.The broken watch_my cousin.3. We should plant the trees around the lake.The trees_ _ around the lake.4.My aunt gave me a present on my 丸 birthday.I_ _a present by my aunt on my birthday.,A present_ _ me by my aunt on my

11、 birthday.初中英语被动语态专项练习()1 The Peoples Republic of Chi na_on October 1, 1949.A.found B. was foun ded C. is foun dedD. was found()2 En glish_ in Ca nada.A.speaks B.are spoke n C. is speak ing D. is spoke n()3 This En glish song_ by the girls after class.A.ofte n sings B. ofte n sangC. is ofte n sang D

12、. is ofte n sung()4 This kind of car_ in Japa n.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made()5 New computers_all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used()6 Our room must_ clea n.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep()7 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry._ .A. it soldB. it

13、s selli ngC. Its been sold D. it had bee n sold()8 A new house_ at the corner of the road.A. is build ing B. is being built C. bee n built D. be buildi ng()9 The key_ on the table whe n I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has bee n left()10 Doctors_ in every part of the world.A. n eedB

14、. are n eedi ng C. are n eeded D. will n eed()11His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publish ingC. is being published D. has bee n published()12 Japa nese_ in every country.A. is not spoke n B. are spoke n C. is speak ingD. is not speak ing()13 These papers_ yet.A. have not writte nB.

15、 have not bee n writte nC. has not writte nD. has not bee n writte n()14 The sports meet_ be held un til next week.A. did ntB. wo ntC. is ntD. does nt()15 My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be me nded?B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they men ded?()16_the watch bee n rep

16、aired yet? I badly n eed it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are()17_these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do()18 Why_ to talk about it yesterday?A. did nt a meet ing holdB. was nt a meeti ng heldC. was nt held a meeti ngD. a meet ing was nt held()19 Who was the book_ ?A. write B. wrote C. writte n

17、D. written by()20 Where_ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am()21 The flowers_ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water()22 The books may_for two weeks.A. be keptB. be borrowedC. keepD. borrow()23 The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done(

18、)24 The boy_streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clea nB. made clea n C. made to clea nD. was made clea n()25 These children_ dance.A. were see n toB. were see n for C. were see nD. saw to()26 Thesestones_ well.A. are fitted B. fitC. fitsD. is fitted()27 The bike_ 500 yua n.A. was cost

19、 B. costed C. cost D. is costed()28 The importa nt meeti ng_ on a cold morning last year.A. was had B. was held C. held D. had()29 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have take n placeC. were tak ing place D. had take n place()30 You cant use the computer, it_ .A. was brok

20、e n dow nB. is wrong C. is bad D. has broke n dow n()31 Great changes_ in our country duri ng the past 20 years.A. have happe ned B. happe ned C. have bee n happe ned D. were happe ned()32 The watch has often_ dow n.A. sat B. lain C. broke n D. fell()33 Please pass me ano ther cup. This one.A. is br

21、oke n B. is break ingC. broke D. broke n()34 The story books_by the writer in the 1960s.A. are writte nB. were writte n C. are writi ngD. were writ ing()35What time_ the door_every day?A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close()36 Can he_ himself?A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dr

22、essed D. in stead of()37 He fell from his bike andA. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt()38Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_A. bur ntB. bur nC. bur ningD. get bur n()39 The apple_ very sweet.A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tast ing()40You_ more beautiful in

23、 the light blue shirt.A. see B. watch C. look D. look at()41 What you said_ . like a good idea.A. heard B. liste nedC. sound D. soun ded()42 -What do you thi nk of the TV play? -Won derful. It is worth_ a seco nd time.A. watchi ngB. watched C. see nD. see ing()43.How dirty the tables are! They need.

24、A. to clea nB. clea n C. clea ning D. clea ned()44.The book is worthA. see ingB. readi ngC. see n D. read()45 The broken bike_here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can men ded C. can be mend D. can be men ded()46 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuiltC. are goi

25、ng to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt()47 The play_ at the theatre next Sun day.A. is going to be show n B. will show nC. will show D. is show n()48 The old stone bridge_next week.A. is going to be rebuiltB. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild()49 Now these magazines_ in the

26、 library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keep ingC. have bee n keep ingD. have bee n kept()50 The pot_ for_ hot water.A. used; keep ingB. was used; keep ing C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep()51 Tea_in the south of Chi na.A. grows B. is grow n C. were grow n D. will grow()55 The bridges_ two

27、 years ago. WO Its a Haidia n top problemA. is built B. built C. were builtD. was built()56 Wet clothes are ofte n_up n ear a fire in rainy weather.A.hang B.hanged C.hanging D.hung()57The river smells terrible. People must_ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throwB. be stopped from throw ingC. st

28、op to throwD. stop from throwing()58 The teapot_ water.A. is filled withB. filled of C. fulli ng ofD. filled()59 Old people must be looked Fer well and_politely.A. speak to B.spoken C.speak D.spoken to()60Old people mustA. look after wellB. be looked well afterC. looked well afterD. be looked after

29、well()61 Newly-born babies_ in hospital.A. are take n good careB. are take n good care ofC. take good care ofD. take good care()62 They were_at the sudde n no ise.A. frighte ningB. frighte ned C. frighte nD. frighte ns()63 These walls_ stone.A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into()6

30、4 Jane_ to sing us an America n song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said()65 The papers_to them.A. were show nB. show C. show nD. have show n()66The coat_ her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to()67 I_ five minu tes to decide whether I should go or

31、not.A. gave B. was givi ng C. had give n D. was give n()68 Good care_such thi ngs.A. should take of B. should be take n C. should be tak ingD. should be take n of初中英语总复习专项练习一动词时态、语态I 根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It is a fine day. The sun_ (shi ne) brightly.2.They_ (visit) the Scie nce Museum next Sun day.3.M

32、r Brow n_ (live) in Beiji ng since he came to China.4.Mr Wang_ (teach) us En glish two years ago.5.The Smiths_ ( watch) TV at this time last night.6.We_ (learn) about ten En glish songs by the end of last term.7.Father said that he_(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.8.Bill isn t here. He_ (chat

33、) with his friends in the ctam.9.The teacher said that the moon_(go) round the earth.10.The Young Pion eers will go to the zoo if it_(not rain) this Sun day.11.Liste n! They_(talk) about the new film.12.Jim asked us what_ (happe n) in Chi na in 1976.13.My mobile phone_ (steal) on a bus last week.14.

34、The host_(in terview) the little boy just now.15.The Gree ns_ (watch) TV now.16.He said that he_ (ring) me up whe n he got there.17.We_(lear n) En glish for about three years.18.My brother_(joi n) the League in 1997.19.The farmers_(pick) apples whe n I saw them.20.The red skirt_ (cost) the girl fort

35、y yua n.21.The film_(begin) when I got to the cinema.22.The girl told me that she wan ted to be an En glish teacher whe n she_(grow) up.23.My sister is a stude nt and she_(study) at a middle school n earby.24.Mr Gree n_ (travel) to several places in South China since he came here.25.You_ (catch) the

36、 early bus if you get up early.26._ you been_ (wear) glasses all the time?27.I ll go home as soon as I_(finish) my homework.29.Most scie nce books are_ (write) in En glish.30.I_ (stay) there for two mon ths last year.II 根据句意，选择填空。31.Tell Lily to call me as soon as she_ .A. will arrive B. gets there

37、C. has gone D. reach here32.-Hi, Kate. You look tired. What s the FRatter? well last night.A. didn t sleeB. don t sleepC. haven t sleptD. won t sleep33.-Excuse me, look at the sig n over there, please. Could you stop smok ing?-Sorry, I_ that.A. didn t seB. don t seeC. won t seeD. can t see34.-Well,

38、I found this. I thi nk it must be yours.-My watch! Thank you. Where_ it.A. do you find B. had you foundC. were you finding D. did you find35.-D on you know whe n Dr White_ for dinner this eve ning?-No, but I think he_whe n he is free.A. will come; comes B. will come; will comeC. comes; comes D. come

39、s; will come36.Look at those black clouds. It_ rain. Let s hurry.A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to37.-Jimmy is leavi ng for a holiday. -Really? Where_ he_?A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go38.-Shall we go shopp ing now? -Sorry, I cant. I_my shirts.A. wash B. washes C. washed C. am

40、 washi ng39.-I called you yesterday eve ning, but there was no an swer.-Oh, I am sorry. I_ dinner at my frie nds home.A. have B. had C. was havi ng D. have had40.The Orie ntal Pearl TV Tower_ thousa nds of visitors since 1995.A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract41.-_you_your e-m

41、ails today?-Not yet. Theres someth ing wro ng with my computer.A. Have; checked B. Did; check C. Do; check D. Are; check ing42.-How do you like Beijing, Mr Smith? -Oh, I_ such a beautiful city before.A. dont visit B. did nt visit C. have nt visitedD. had nt visited43.-Tom, may I borrow your book Chi

42、cke n Soup?-Sorry, I_it to Mary.A. le nt B. have lent C. had lent D. le nd44.-Mum, may I go out to play football?-_you_your homework yet?A. Have; fini shed B. Do; fini shedC. Are; fin ishi ngD. Did; fin ish45.-The tra in is leavi ng right now, but David has nt arrived yet.-Well, he said he_ here on

43、time.A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be46.-Why did nt you go to the cin ema yesterday? Because I_ the film before.A. had see n B. have see n C. have watched D. has watched47.I dont thi nk Joh n saw me. He_ a book at that mome nt.A. just read B. has just read C. was just readi ng D. had just

44、read48.Mr Smith_ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has fini shedit.A. has writte nB. wrote C. had writte n D. was writ ing49.Mr White_ the newspaper while his daughter_ TV.A. has read; was watchi ng B. was readi ng; watchedC. was readi ng; was watchi ng D. read ing; watched50.-

45、 I_ you at the meeti ng. Why? -I was ill.A. saw B. have see n C. not see D. did nt see51.The 29th Olympic Games_ in Beiji ng in 2008.A. hold B. will hold C. will be held D. held52.Hurry up! The play_ for ten minu tes.A. has bee n on B. has begu n C. had beg un D. bega n53.-May I speak to Mr Smith? -

46、Sorry, he_ Australia. But he_ in two days.A. has bee n to; will come back B. has gone to; will be backC. has bee n in; would come back D. is leavi ng for; does nt come back54.I cant go to the theater toni ght because I_ my ticket.A. have lost B. had lost C. will lose D. was los ing55.-What a nice bi

47、ke! How long_ you_ it? -Just two weeks.A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; havi ng56.-Im sorry to have kept you wait ing.-Oh, not at all. I_ here only for a few minu tes.A. have come B. had bee n C. was D. have bee n57.-_my dicti on ary an ywhere?- Yes. I saw it on your desk a mome nt a

48、go.A. Did you see B. If you see C. Had you see n D. Would you see58.We were all surprised whe n he mad it clear that he_office soon.A. leaves B. would leave C. will leave D. had left59.Mrs Smith_ her keys in the office, so she had to wait un til her husba nd_ home.A. has left; comes B. left; had com

49、e C. had left; would come D. had left; came60.-What did your son say in the letter?-He told me that he_ the Dis neyla nd the n ext day.A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will visit61.In some parts of the world, tea_with milk and sugar.A. is servi ngB. is served C. serves D. served62

50、.-Did you win the basketball game? -Bad luck. Our team_ in the end.A. won B. beat C. was won D. was beate n63.I believe that those mountains_ with trees in a few years.A. are covered B. will be covered C. are coveri ng D. will cover64.I like my new bike. It_ very well.A. rides B. is ridi ngC. is rid

51、de n D. has ridde n65.-Do you think this kind of apple_well? -No, I dont thi nk so.A. have sold B. sells C. are sold D. would sell66.I was nt at home yesterday. I_to help with the harvest on the farm.A. asked B. was asked C. was ask ingD. had asked67.How sweet the music_! I have n ever heard a bette

52、r piece.A. soun ded B. is soun ded C. is soun ded to be D. sounds68.-Ca n you tell me whom the play_ in 1998? -Sorry, I dont know.A. was writte n byB. was writte nC. is writte n by D. is writte n69.-What does the sentence Dont trouble trouble till trouble_ you mean?-Sorry, I have no idea.A. trouble

53、B. troubles C. troubled D. will trouble70.Do you thi nk_an En glish film tomorrow ni ght?A. there is B. there is going to have C. there is going to be D. there was71.Almost all the water_ gone. Please save water!A. are B. is C. have D. were72.Jane_a new dress every month whe n she was in Shan ghai.A

54、. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy73.-Who jumps the farthest in your school? -He nry_.A. does B. jumps C. has D. did74.You were on the farm yesterday,_ you?A. did nt B. dont C. arent D. were nt75.Li Ping studied hard,_ he?A. was B. did C. was nt D. did nt76.Both Kate and I_ ready for the pic

55、nic now.A. is not B. is gett ingC. are gett ing D. am gett ing77.A talk on Chin ese history_ in the school hall next week.A. is give n B. has bee n give n C. will be give nD. will give78.-I hear your father_to Japa n on ce.-Yes. He_there last year.A. went; has bee n B. has bee n; went C. goes; went

56、D. has bee n; has bee n79.-Mike wants to know if_ a pic nic tomorrow.-Of course. But if it_, well visit the museum in stead.A. you have; will rain B. you will have; will rainC. you will have; rains D. will you have; rains80.-My good frie nd, Mike, wants to be a soldier whe n he grows up.-So_ I.A. do

57、 B. am C. will D. should81.It_ ten years since they_to Fran ce.A. was; moved B. was; have moved C. has; have moved D. has bee n; moved82.He_ wait until the rain_ .A. wont; will stop B. wont; stopC. will; stops D. will; will stop83.-So you went to see the film with Tom. -Yes, but Bob_with us.A. wont

58、go B. is nt goingC. does nt go D. did nt go84.-Your n ame aga in? I_ quite catch it. -Federico MacAdam.A. did nt B. dont C. would nt D. wont参考答案：I.1. shi nes/ is shining 2. are going to/ will visit3. has lived 4. taught5.were watchi ng 6. had lear ned 7. would buy8. is chatt ing 9. goes10. does nt r

59、ain 11. are talk ing 12.happe ned13. was stole n14.in terviewed 15. are watch ing16. would ring 17. have learned 18. joined 19. were pick ing 20. cost21. had beg un 22. grew 23. studies 24. has traveled 25. will catch26. Have; weari ng 27. finish 28. have nt heard 29. written 30. stayedII.31-35 BAAD

60、B 36-40 DBDCC 41-45 ACBAC 46-50 ACDCD51-55 CABAC 56-60 DABDA 61-65 BDBAB 66-70 BDABC 71-75 BCADD 76-80 CCBCA 81-84 DCDA英语中考模拟试卷专项训练(选择)根据对话情景，选择最佳答案。(一)()1.I havent seen Jack for three days. Is he ill?_ . His mother told me that he was in hospital.A. I am afraid soB. I hope notC. I dont expectD. I a