【KS5U解析】北京市大兴区2019-2020学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题 Word版含解析

1、大兴区2019 -2020学年度第二学期期末检测试卷高一英语一、语篇填空阅读短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写-一个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。tu youyou is famous around the world. she is the first female chinese scientist _1_(win) the nobel prize. she was born in zhejiang province, china, _2_30 december, 1930. she studied medicine at peking un

2、iversity health science center. after her _3_(graduate) from university, she became a member of the china academy of chinese medical sciences. in 1969, she _4_ (choose) to establish a team to find a cure_5_malaria a disease that kills millions of people every year. it was not an easy task. they had

3、_6_(limit) resources and they did not have enough staff. they tested more than 240, 000 chemicals with no success. tuyouyou studied ancient chinese medical literature and visited experts in_7_ (tradition) chinese medicine. then tuyouyou and her team used modern research methods to study the chinese

4、herbs one by one. after hundreds of _8_(fail) experiments, they eventually came across a promising, chemical. the medicine they discovered was artemisinin, _9_has now become the worlds _10_ (much) effective drug for fighting malaria.【答案】1. to win 2. on 3. graduation 4. chose 5. for 6. limited 7. tra

5、ditional 8. failing 9. which 10. most【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家屠呦呦。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。当动词修饰的中心词前有序数词、形容词最高级、the only/very/just时，后面要求使用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to win。【2题详解】考查介词。在具体的日期前，应使用介词on。故填on。【3题详解】考查名词。after是介词，her是形容词性物主代词，后面应接名词。故填graduation。【4题详解】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in 1969可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填chose。

6、【5题详解】考查介词。固定搭配：a cure for sth.“对于某种疾病的一种治疗方法”。故填for。【6题详解】考查形容词。此处指“有限的资源”，应使用形容词limited修饰resources。故填limited。【7题详解】考查形容词。此处指“传统的中医”，应使用形容词traditional修饰chinese medicine。故填traditional。【8题详解】考查动名词。此处指“经过数百次失败的实验”，应使用动名词failing作定语。故填failing。【9题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是artemisinin，指物，在从句中做主语，应使用关系

7、代词which引导。故填which。10题详解】考查形容词最高级。根据the worlds可知，此处指“世界上对抗疟疾最有效的药物”，应使用形容词最高级。故填most。二、完形填空阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。many children may be fond of animals, but few ever think of making the study of animals as their career. even fewer will be_11_by the whole word, _12_the title

8、 of united nations messenger( 使者)of peace.but one woman has_13_ all that. she has lived with chimps in the african forest for many years and made great_14_. jane goodall' s lifelong_15_ in animals began at an early age. by the age of 10 or 11, goodall_16_going to africa to live with animals. thi

9、s was quite a strange dream in those days，as young_17_didn't think of having such “wild" actions. but she was_18_ by her mother. she told her that if she really wanted something，she should work hard, take advantage of_19_ and never give up looking for a way.when a close friend invited gooda

10、ll to kenya in 1957, she readily_20_ it. within a few months of her arrival, she met the famous anthropologist(人类学家) dr louis leakey, who soon decided that goodall was the_21_person he was looking for to begin a_22_of wild chimps on the shore of lake tanganyika in tanzania.in the beginning, studying

11、 the chimps was not_23_ for her. the animals, fled from her _24_.with a strong_25_, she searched the forest every day, trying not to get too close to the chimps too_26_. gradually the chimps became used to her presence.in october 1960, she observed a chimp making and using_27_to fish for termites(白蚁

12、). this discovery threw_28_on the popular idea at the time that man was the world' s only toolmaker. the longer goodall s research continues, the more it becomes obvious that chimps are very_29_to humans.since the mid-1980s, goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people' s sens

13、e about environmental_30_. “let's live in the new age with hope, respect for all living things ,understanding and love," she said.11. a. recognizedb. knownc. acceptedd. admitted12. a. receivingb. givingc. enjoyingd. having13. a. doneb. provedc. achievedd. realized14. a. discoveriesb. decisi

14、onsc. choicesd. findings ;15. a. studyb. interestc. sensed. dream16. a. was fond ofb. was tired ofc. insisted ond. dreamed of17. a. boysb. girlsc. mend. women18. a. encouragedb. preventedc. advisedd. forced19. a. knowledgeb. youthc. hoped. chances20. a. acceptedb. refusedc. receivedd. considered21.

15、a. onlyb. lastc. speciald. first22. a. projectb. studyc. centred. career23. a. hardb. interestingc. easyd. convenient24. a. in surpriseb. in a hurryc. as expectedd. in fear25. a. willb. bodyc. desired. mind26. a. farb. nearc. soond. much27. a. netsb. toolsc. holesd. spoons28. a. doubtb. lightc. ques

16、tionsd. beliefs29. a. closeb. similarc. friendlyd. helpful30. a. improvementb. protectionc. pollutiond. destruction【答案】11. a 12. c 13. c 14. a 15. b 16. d 17. b 18. a 19. d 20. a 21. c 22. b 23. c 24. d 25. a 26. c 27. b 28. a 29. b 30. b【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了jane goodall的事迹-她喜欢动物，将研究动物作为自己的事业，并取得了一些

17、成就。【11题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：更少会有人将得到全世界的承认，享有联合国和平使者的称号。a. recognized承认，认可，赞赏； b. known知道； c. accepted接受； d. admitted（勉强）承认，招认。喜欢动物的孩子有很多，但很少会将研究动物作为职业。而将研究动物作为职业，并且取得成就，进而为整个世界所认可的就更少了。故选a项。【12题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：更少会有人将得到全世界的承认，享有联合国和平使者的称号。a. receiving收到；b. giving给；c. enjoying享有；d. having有。研究动物取得成就，受到全世界的认可，并且享

18、有联合国和平使者的称号。enjoy意为“享有”，符合题意。故选c项。【13题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：但有一位女性做到了这一切。a. done做；b. proved证明；c. achieved达到，完成，实现；d. realized意识到。结合上文，在研究动物这方面的人很少，取得成就的更少，但是有位女性做到了，即完成，实现了。故选c项。【14题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她和黑猩猩在非洲森林里生活了许多年，并取得了重大发现。a. discoveries发现；b. decisions决定；c. choices选择；d. findings调查发现。她在森林里研究黑猩猩，取得了一些发现。而且make

19、discoveries是固定搭配，意为“有发现”符合题意。故选a项。【15题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：jane goodall在很小的时候就对动物产生了毕生的兴趣。a. study研究； b. interest兴趣；c. sense感觉；d. dream梦想。结合文章开头的“fond of”，这里是指她对动物的兴趣，而且“interest”后跟介词“in”搭配。故选b项。【16题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在10岁或11岁的时候，古德就梦想着去非洲和动物们生活在一起。a. was fond of喜欢； b. was tired of厌倦；c. insisted on坚持；d. dreamed

20、 of梦想。结合下文的“this was quite a strange dream”，这里是指她小时候就梦想到非洲跟动物生活在一起。故选d项。【17题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这在当时是一个很奇怪的梦想，因为年轻的女孩们不会想到这样的“疯狂”行为。a. boys男孩； b. girls女孩； c. men男士； d. women女士。结合上文的10岁或11岁，这里指的是她小时候的事，所以应该是女孩子。故选b项。【18题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：但她的母亲鼓励她。a. encouraged鼓励；b. prevented阻止；c. advised建议；d. forced强迫。承接上文，她的梦想太

21、疯狂。这里“but”开始表示一种转折，虽然疯狂，但是她的母亲支持鼓励她。故选a项。【19题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她告诉她，如果她真的想要什么，她应该努力工作，抓住机会，永远不要放弃寻找方法。a. knowledge知识； b. youth青年，青春； c. hope希望； d. chances机会。母亲鼓励她，如果想要什么，就要努力，充分利用机会，不放弃。故选d项。【20题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：1957年，一位密友邀请goodall去肯尼亚，她欣然接受了邀请。a. accepted接受；b. refused拒绝；c. received收到； d. considered考虑。朋友邀请她去

22、非洲，她因为梦想正是去非洲跟动物生活在一起，所以她欣然接受了。故选a项。【21题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月里，她遇到了著名的人类学家路易斯·李基博士，路易斯·李基博士很快就确定goodall就是他在坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖岸边开始对野生黑猩猩研究的特别人选。a. only唯一的； b. last最后的； c. special特别的； d. first第一个。由文章可知，在非洲研究黑猩猩是一项特别的任务，因此需要像goodall这样特别的人选。她应该不是唯一的，也不是第一个或最后一个。故选c项。【22题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在她到达后的几个月里，她遇到了著名

23、的人类学家路易斯·李基博士，路易斯·李基博士很快就确定goodall就是他在坦桑尼亚坦噶尼喀湖岸边开始对野生黑猩猩研究的特别对象。a. project方案；b. study研究；c. centre中心； d. career职业。通览全文，此处是指对黑猩猩的研究。故选b项。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：一开始，研究黑猩猩对她来说并不容易。a. hard困难；b. interesting有趣； c. easy容易； d. convenient方便。万事开头难，对黑猩猩的研究，一开始也不例外。故选c项。【24题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：黑猩猩惊恐地逃跑了。a. in s

24、urprise惊讶地；b. in a hurry匆忙地；c. as expected正如所预料地；d. in fear惊恐地。由语境判断，黑猩猩刚开始不习惯人的接触，所以是惊恐地逃跑了。故选d项。【25题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：凭着坚强的意志，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩。 a. will意志力； b. body身体；c. desire渴望；d. mind思维。有志者事竟成。她是为数不多的在动物研究方面有所成就的人，所以在她对动物的研究中，她凭借的是坚强的意志力。故选a项。【26题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：凭着坚强的意志，她每天都在森林里搜寻，尽量不过早地靠近黑猩猩。 a.

25、far远；b. near靠近；c. soon快，早； d. much多。结合上文，黑猩猩开始时害怕她的靠近，所以她耐心慢慢地去接近他们，不急于求成。故选c项。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：1960年10月，她观察到一只黑猩猩制造并使用工具捕白蚁。a. nets网； b. tools工具； c. holes洞；d. spoons勺子。结合下文的“toolmaker”，这里是指她发现黑猩猩制作并使用工具捉白蚁。故选b项。【28题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这一发现对人类是世界上唯一的工具制造者这一普遍观点提出了质疑。a. doubt疑惑；b. light光；c. questions问题； d.

26、beliefs信念。throw doubt on 是固定短语，意为“对产生疑问”，符合语境。throw light on意为“使明朗”，跟上下文不符。故选a项。【29题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：goodall的研究进行得越久，黑猩猩与人类的相似之处就越明显。a. close亲密的； b. similar相似的； c. friendly友好的；d. helpful有帮助的。结合上文，发现黑猩猩能跟人一样制作和使用工具，表明他们跟人类之间有相似之处。同时根据常识，黑猩猩跟人类之间有很多相似之处。故选b项。【30题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，goodall一直在世界各地演

27、讲，以提高人们的环保意识。a. improvement改善；b. protection保护； c. pollution污染；d. destruction破坏。结合上下文，她研究的是动物，她演讲中呼吁大家尊重所有的生物（包括动物），保护所有生物，以及他们的生存环境。同时结合常识判断，这里她是通过自己的演讲提升人们的环保意识。故选b项。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第6小题要求判断goodall对去非洲跟动物生活在一起是哪种感受。该题可结合下文的“this was quite a strange dream”

28、，这里是指她小时候就梦想到非洲跟动物生活在一起。故选d项。还可以根据生活常识进行解答。比如：13小题判断研究黑猩猩，开始对她来说怎样。根据常识，我们知道万事开头难，对黑猩猩的研究，一开始也不例外。故选c项。三、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ahow cool can libraries be in an era (时代) of ipods and kindles? more than you think. only if you know where to go.central library: seattle, washington, united

29、 statesthe central library in seattle is modem and fashionable and has tourists from around the world paying visits and taking tours. it was designed by dutch architect rem koolhaas and american designer joshua ramus. tours began in 2006, two years after its opening. the library holds various art ex

30、hibitions, book signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime.trinity college library: dublin, irelandthe trinity college library in dublin is the oldest library in ireland, founded in 1592 by queen elizabeth i. it is the

31、 largest single library in the world, also known as the long room， which contains more than 200,000 of the librarys oldest books. the long room houses one of the oldest harps (竖琴) in ireland. dating back to the 15th century, the old harp is the model for the symbol of ireland.geisel library, univers

32、ity of california: san diego, united statesat first glance, it looks like a spaceship. architect william pereira, who helped design actual space launch facilities at cape canaveral in houston, texas , designed the library in 1970. it has been featured in sci-fi films，short stories and novels. the li

33、brary hosts “dinner in the library”, which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from distinguished authors.tu delft library: delft, netherlandsthe library at the delft university of technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862, 000 books，16, 000 magazine subscriptions

34、 and its own museum. the building itself exists beneath the ground, so you can't really see the actual library. what makes it interesting is the roof, which is a grassy hill. the roof covers 5,500 square meters. and it has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area.31. w

35、hich of the four libraries has the longest history?a. central library.b. trinity college library.c. geisel library.d. tu delft library.32. which library is under the ground?a. central library.b. trinity college library.c. geisel library.d. tu delft library.33. what makes geisel library different fro

36、m the others is that .a. famous writers often deliver speeches thereb. it has a roof of grassy hillc. queen elizabeth i founded the libraryd. it is the largest single library in the world34. in central library, you can .a. buy souvenirsb. drink cocktailsc. enjoy sci-fi filmsd. see the old harp【答案】31

37、. b 32. d 33. a 34. a【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了在拥有ipod和kindle的时代，几家很酷的图书馆。【31题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的the trinity college library in dublin is the oldest library in ireland, founded in 1592 by queen elizabeth i.(都柏林的三一学院图书馆是爱尔兰历史最悠久的图书馆，由伊丽莎白女王一世于1592年创建)可知，trinity college library是四个图书馆中历史最悠久的图书馆。故选b项。【32题详解】细节理解题

38、。由最后一段中的the building itself exists beneath the ground, so you cant really see the actual library.(建筑本身就在地下，所以你看不到真正的图书馆)可知，tu delft library在地下。故选d项。【33题详解】细节理解题。比较四个图书馆的特点和倒数第二段中的the library hosts “dinner in the library”, which invites readers for cocktails, and also a special speech from distinguis

39、hed authors.(图书馆举办“图书馆晚餐”活动，邀请读者喝鸡尾酒，并由著名作家发表特别演讲)可知，geisel library与其它图书馆最大的区别就是著名作家经常在那里发表演讲。故选a项。【34题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的the library holds various art exhibitions, book signings and other events, while visitors can stop by the chocolate cart for a coffee and scan through the gift shop anytime.(图书馆举办各种艺

40、术展览、图书签售和其他活动，游客可以在巧克力车旁停下来喝杯咖啡，随时浏览礼品店)可知，在central library，你可以买到纪念品。故选a项。bas traditional chinese art，paper cutting has a long history. the first and earliest paper cutting was found in china 1 ,500 years ago. but this traditional art is at risk of disappearing now.luckily, vivian woo, a chinese imm

41、igrant in america, is trying to bring this art back to life. one saturday in 2017, ms. woo held a paper cutting show at a shopping center near washington. she got much fun and peace doing it. she hoped more people would enjoy it. ms. woo began to study the art of paper cutting as a 14-year-old girl

42、in her hometown in china. she said all the students at school had to learn paper cutting. but she had a deep love for it. so her teacher spentmore time teaching her after class. later, she won the second prize in a national painting and art competition. ms. woo went to america after she finished col

43、lege in 2008. soon after that, she took part in an activity to promote chinese paper cutting. and then she was invited to show the art in many important activities. “it is important to promote this art to americans or anyone who is interested in it. maybe it will make this art more popular. ”woo sai

44、d.from the art of paper cutting， people can know about chinese cultural values, history and stories of people' s life. ms. woo uses the art as a tool to show chinese culture to people who know little about it.chinese art is not only for chinese, but also for people all over the word.35. what did

45、 ms. woo do in 2017?a. she won the second prize in a national painting and art competition.b. she was invited to many activities to show paper cutting.c. she held a paper cutting show at a shopping center near washington.d. she took part in an activity to promote chinese paper cutting.36. ms. woo be

46、gan to study the art of paper cutting_.a. when she was fourteenb. after she got to americac. when she was in colleged. after she finished college37. in the passage, the writer thinks the art of paper cutting is _now.a. very popular in americab. very popular in chinac for people who know about itd. i

47、n danger of disappearing【答案】35. c 36. a 37. d【解析】本文是记叙文。剪纸艺术在中国有着悠久的历史，而现在却面临着消失的危险。在美国的中国移民vivian woo通过展示这种艺术，让世界了解中国传统文化的价值和历史。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“one saturday in 2017, vivian woo held a paper cutting show at a shopping center near washington. ”可知，2017年，vivian woo在华盛顿附近的一个购物中心举办了一场剪纸秀。故选c项。【36题详解】

48、细节理解题。根据第二段中“ms. woo began to study the art of paper cutting as a 14-year-old girl in her hometown in china.”可知，vivian woo是14岁时在中国的家乡开始学习剪纸艺术。故选a项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“but this traditional art is at risk of disappearing now.”可知，作者认为剪纸艺术正面临消失的危险。故选d项。cgerman artist ha schult is an unusual artist who u

49、ses trash (废物)to make sculptures.“we are living in the time of garbage，” says schult.“i created a thousand sculptures of garbage.they are a mirror of ourselves.” here，schult was talking about his 1,000 trash sculptures in the form of humans.he first exhibited them in 1996 in the western german state

50、 of north rhine­westphalia.“they are social sculptures，” he explains.“they are not only sculptures for the eyes.they are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.” so far，schult's social sculptures have been on show in paris，in moscow's red square，on the great wal

51、l of china，and in the desert next to the pyramids of giza near cairo.ha schult's work is unforgettable.although his work has had a big influence on the art world，schult remains modest about his creations：“artists have to learn every time.we are not important.all that counts is the time in which

52、we are living.”trash art has been around for years.but it seems that only the popular artists are regarded as true artists when working with trash.why can't common people be considered artists when they use the same things and change them into some form of personal art？maybe it's because we

53、all have our own preset ideas of what art is and isn't，or whom artists are or should be.you can be an artist like schult if you try.look at used metal cans.what might be done with them？imagine them in any number of new uses，or imagine them simply as an art form.what about boxes or clothing? boxe

54、s can usually serve as new storage containers and houses for pets.and clothing？imagine taking old clothes and turning them into hats or hanging organizers.38. what do we know about schult's sculptures?a. they served as garbage containers.b. they reflected environmental issues.c. they were first

55、shown in paris，france.d. they were to raise economic awareness.39. ha schult's artistic works also get the message across that an artist must _.a. be socially responsibleb. be as modest as possiblec. make garbage recyclabled. take diverse artistic forms40. according to the last 2 paragraphs，the

56、author probably agrees that _.a. it takes talent to be a trash artistb. preset ideas are important to artistsc. trash art can't be seen as a real art formd. average people can also make trash artists41. which of the following is the best title for the text?a. could you be a trash artist?b. what

57、are social sculptures?c. do you know about trash art?d. how can we deal with used cans?【答案】38. b 39. a 40. d 41. a【解析】文章通过举用垃圾雕塑来反映环保问题的艺术家schult的例子，号召每个普通人要关注环保问题，创造环保作品，成为环保艺术家。【38题详解】b推理判断题。根据第一段“we are living in the time of garbage,” says schult. “i created a thousand sculptures of garbage. they are a mirror of ourselve.”可知，schult的雕塑使用的是垃圾，这反映了我们这个时代是垃圾时代，环境问题应该引起重视。故选b。【39题详解】a推理判断题。根据第三段“they are social sculptures,” he explains. “they are not only sculptures for the eyes. they are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a t