英语专业四级考试历年完形填空及详解（2000-2009）

1、.2000）完型填空Part CLOZE 15 MIN. The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious ( 26 ) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and ( 27 ) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but ( 28

2、 ) to diffuse throughout the space available; it must ( 29 ) be kept in a closed container, as ( 30 )a planets atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories ( 31 )the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be “disso

3、lved” in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are ( 32 ) different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing ( 33 ) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no perm

4、anent structure, and they both flow easily. They are fluids. The ( 34 ) similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.( 35 ) a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or ( 36 ), becomes less dense;

5、some of it evaporates.( 37 ), the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature an d pressure ( 38 ) the densities become equal is ( 3 9 ) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be

6、 ( 40 ); there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density. 26. A. in B. on C. under D. beyond 27. A. fills B. be filled C. filling D. to fill 28. A. intends B. tends C. inclines D. contends 29. A. however B. nevertheless C. so D. therefore 30 A. in the event of B.in the case of C.

7、with a view to D. with reference to 31. A. having described B. described C. describing D. to have described 32. A. made up of B. consisted of C. constituted of D. made from 33. A. apply B. adapt C. take D. conduct 34. A. elementary B. crucial C. rudimentary D. fundamental 35. A. Suppose B. To suppos

8、e C. Being supposed D. Supposed 36. A. in a word B. in the meantime C. in other words D. in that case 37. A. Similarly B. In contrast C. Furthermore D. Instead 38. A. on that B. on which C. at that D. at which 39. A. known B. defined C. called D. referred to 40. A. classified B. recognized C. catego

9、rized D. distinguished短文大意：这篇文章介绍了气体与液体的特性及相关理论。26答案：B【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】under与condition搭配，表示“在条件或状况下”；on与 condition搭配，表示“在条件下”；in与condition构成习惯短语，表示“身体状况良好”，而be out of condition”则表示“身体状况不好”。 这里是说“在地球表面通常的温度和压强条件下”，故选项B为正确答案。27答案：A【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对句子结构的理解。【详细解答】由于所填词前有and这一并列连词，这里缺少一个谓语与前面的“can

10、 be”并列。谓语动词fill意思是“使充满”，具有使动意义，其后直接跟宾语，故选项A是正确答案。28答案：B【试题分析】本题为动词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 intend意为“打算，意图”，主语通常是人；tend意为“有倾向”，后接不定式，主语可以是人也可以是物；incline意为“使(某人)倾向于，使(某人)有意思(做某事)”，常用于被动语态be inclined to；contend意为“争夺；争辩”。这里是说“但（气体）往往会扩散到任何可能的空间”，故选项B为正确答案。29答案：D【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查连词的用法。【详细解答】however表转折意为“然而”；neverthele

11、ss也表转折，意为“然而”；so表结果，但常放于句首; therefore表结果，意为“因此，所以”。这里是说气体容易扩散，所以必须保存在密闭的容器里。因此此处需要一个表结果关系的连词，故选项D为正确答案。30答案：B【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】in the event of表示“如果发生，万一”；in the case of表示“在的情况下，就而言”; with a view of或者with a view to，意思是“以为目的；为起见”；with reference to意思是“关于”。根据上下文，这里是说“必须将气体存放在一个密封的容器里，如同一颗行星的大气一样。

12、” 故选项B为正确答案。31答案：C【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对非谓语动词的掌握。【详细解答】本句中的describe的逻辑主语为theories，故应用现在分词。同时，describe这一动作只说明一种事实，并不与其他动词作时间上的先后比较，不必用完成式。故选项C为正确答案。32答案：A【试题分析】本题为短语词义与用法辨析题。【详细解答】consist of一般用主动式; be made from一般指某种产品由某种材料制成(但从外表上看不出原材料); be made up of表示“由组成”。根据上下文理解，此处要求填一“由组成”的短语，故选项C为正确答案。33答案：C【试题分析】本题

13、考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】apply意为“应用”；adapt意为“使适应”；conduct意为“指导；处理”，均不能与approach搭配。take approach为固定搭配，意思是“采用方法”，符合句意。34答案：D【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 elementary意为“初步的，基本的”，指事物处于基础的或开始的阶段；crucial意为“极紧要的，决定性的”；rudimentary意为“基本的，初步的”；fundamental意为“基础的，十分重要的”。文中说“液体与气体之间的根本相似性在温度和压强有所提高时变得十分明显。”故选项D最合题意。35答案：A【试题分

14、析】本题为语法题，考查动词的特殊用法。【详细解答】suppose后常接一个省略了that的宾语从句，表示“假定，假设”，用来展开说明。36答案：C【试题分析】本题考查关联词的用法。【详细解答】in a word表示对上文的总结；in the mean time表示“同时”；in that case表示“在那种情况下”；in other words意为“换句话说”。上文的“expands”和后文“becomes less dense”的意思一致，后一句是为了解释说明前一句，故用in other words。37答案：B【试题分析】本题考查语篇分析能力。【详细解答】 similarly意为“同样的

15、”；furthermore意为“而且”，表示更进一步的关系；instead意为“相反，反而”，表对比关系，一般针对相同人、事情或行为。上文说当加热的时候，液体蒸发变得稀薄，而下文说气体因为蒸汽分子的加入而变得稠密，因此两句之间存在明显对比关系，只有in contrast最合题意。38答案：D【试题分析】本题考查关系词的用法。【详细解答】本句子意为“使液体和气体密度相同的那个状态下的温度和压力被称作临界点。”句中的“temperature and pressure”是先行词，需要一个关系词引导一个定语从句修饰先行词。特定数值的temperature和pressure与at搭配意为“在某个温度和压

16、力下”。由于that引导定语从句时前面不能有介词，所以正确答案是D。39答案：C【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题。【详细解答】known的常用结构是be known to be或be known as；defined 常用结构是be defined as；refer to意为“提到，说起”，不用于被动语态；只有called后可直接接主语补语。40答案：D【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题。【详细解答】classify指对某种对象进行“分类”；category指将某类事物“归类”；recognise表示“识别”；distinguish表示“区分”。根据句意，“在临界点之上时，气体和液体

17、就很难再区分开来”，选项D为正确答案。2001）Part CLOZE 15 MIN. The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual ( 26 )and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-

18、matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment. ( 27 ) this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work ( 28 )is o

19、wn, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others ( 29 )his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding ( 30 )with printing tec

20、hniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to ( 31 )rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is freq

21、uently ( 32 )of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, (33 ) that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage ( 34 )a hindrance, but this skill

22、is in many ways a luxury that he can ( 35 )with. It is, ( 36 ),desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to ( 37 )how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same ( 38 ) to an ability to write his source lang

23、uages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not ( 39 ). There are many other skills and ( 40 )that are desirable in a translator.26. A. application B. use C. utility D. usage 27. A. More than B. Except for C. Because of D. In addition to 28. A. of B. by C. for D. on 29. A. should B. when

24、C. because D. if 30. A. familiarity B. acquaintanceC. knowledge D. skill 31. A. change B. transform C. turn D. switch 32. A. lacked B. required C. faced D. confronted 33. A. essential B. unnecessaryC. advantageous D. useless 34. A. over B. despite C. rather than D. instead 35. A. deal B. concern C.

25、work D. do away 36. A. however B. accordinglyC. consequently D. thus 37. A. knowing B. having knownC. know D. have known 38. A. refers B. comes C. applies D. amounts 39. A. matter B. mind C. harm D. work 40. A. characteristics B. qualitiesC. distinctions D. features 完型填空 短文大意：这篇文章讨论的是翻译所需的技能和素质。26.

26、答案：B【试题分析】本题为近义名词词义辨析题。【详细解答】这四个选项都有“应用，运用”的意思。application指“（理论知识的）应用”；use表示“（工具等的）使用”；utility指“实用”，有效地使用某物使其发挥效用；usage侧重于“具体的用法”。此处是指语言的运用，故应该选 use。27. 答案：D【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查关联词的用法。【详细解答】 more than常用于比较级，意为“比更加”；except for意为“除外”的意思；because of意为“由于，因为”；in addition to意为“加上；除外，还有”。这里是说翻译人员除了应具备前面所说的基本知识外

27、，还应有好学的品质，故选项D为正确答案。28. 答案：D【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】 on ones own指依靠某人自己的力量做某件事，“独自，独立”。of onesown指某人自己拥有的东西；介词by和for都不与own搭配。根据句意，选项D为正确答案。29. 答案：A【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对虚拟语气的掌握。【详细解答】本句是一个表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气句。表示条件的从句中没有if，应用部分倒装。故选项A为正确答案。30. 答案：B【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】 a nodding acquaintance意为“点头之交”；famili

28、arity with意为“通晓；精通”；acquaintance with指“(从经验所得的)知识；了解”；knowledge指“知识”，skill指“技能；熟练”，都与of连用。31. 答案：D【试题分析】本题为近义动词词义辨析题。【详细解答】这四个选项都有“转变，变更”的意思。change意为“改变，变化”，常用于change fromto（由转变成）；transform意为“使转化”；turn意为“转变”，常与介词from, into搭配；switch意为“转换”，指完全或突然的转变。本句是指从一种语言转换到另一种语言，应用动词switch。 32. 答案：B【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭

29、配的掌握。【详细解答】 lack 常用于短语“lack of”； require常用于“require sth. of sb.”；face常用于“be faced with”；confront常用于“be confronted with”。故选项B为正确答案。33答案：B【试题分析】本题考查对上下文的理解。【详细解答】上文中的“the nature of the translators work”就是“the processing ofthe written word”，而下文“this skill”指的是“be able to speak the languages he is dealin

30、g with”，故此处应选unnecessary，即他不必会讲他所处理的语言。34答案：C【试题分析】本题考查连接词的用法。【详细解答】此处需要一个连词将“an advantage”和“a hindrance”连接起来。根据上下文，此处是肯定advantage否定hindrance，所以应选rather than表示“而不是”。35答案：D【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】 concern常与about搭配，意为“关心”，而不与with搭配；deal with意为“处理”；work with意为“工作”，都不符合句意。do away with意为“除掉，取消”。这里指“没有掌握

31、说这些语言的技巧”，故选项B为正确答案。36答案：A.【试题分析】本题考查连词的用法。【详细解答】上文说的是“unnecessary”，而下文说的是“desirable”，所以此处应该填一个表示转折关系的连词。四个选项中，只有however是表转折的连词，其他选项都是表示结果关系的连词，故选项A为正确答案。37答案：A【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对非谓语动词的掌握。【详细解答】 be restricted to中to是介词，后面要求跟一个名词，故选项A为正确答案。38答案：C【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】 refer to意为“提到，说起”；come to意为“谈到，关于

32、”；apply to 意为“应用，适用”；amount to意为“相当于，总共达”。这里是说用源语言写作的能力也是如此，故应选apply to。39答案：A【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】 it does not matter意思是“不要紧，没关系”。这里是说如果译者没有这种能力，也不要紧。40答案：B【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 characteristic意为“特征；特色”，比较注重外在的；quality指意为“特质；品质；素质”，比较注重内在的；distinction意为“区别；分别”；feature意为“特征，特色”，侧重具体的某个特征。这里指内在

33、品质，与skills并列，故应选quality。2002）Part Cloze 15 min People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and _26 a very simple affair in the beginning. _27 when we observe the language behavior

34、 of _28 we regard as primitive cultures, we find it _29 complicates. It was believes that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words _30 to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. _31, Th

35、ese Eskimo words are far more highly inflected （词尾变化的）than _32 of any Of the well-known European languages, for a _33 noun can be spoken or written in _34 hundred different forms, each _35 a precise meaning different from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more _36. The Eskimo langua

36、ge is, therefore, one of the most difficult in the world to learn, _37 the result that almost no traders or explorers have _38 tried to learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon _39 to the Pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of

37、from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually _by travelers as the Eskimo language.26. A. must be B. must have been C. ought to be D. should be27. A. However

38、B. Therefore C. probably D. undoubtedly28. A. whose B. that C. which D. what29. A. conspicuously B. usually C. surprisingly D. sufficiently30. A. so as B. so that C. as such D. as well as31. A. However B. Moreover C. Though D. Therefore32. A. the others B. all others C. these D. those33. A. single B

39、. singular C. plural D. compound34. A. some B. several C. various D. varied35. A. getting B. causing C. having D. owning36. A endless B. multiple C. uncountable D. numerous37. A. with B. for C. owing to D. as38. A still B. indeed C. just D. even39. A. alike B. similar C. related D. relevant40. A. re

40、ferred to B. talked about C. spoken D. toldPart Four Cloze26答案：B【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对虚拟语气的掌握。【详细解答】这句话是说“第一次考虑语言的起源问题的人们往往会得出这样的结论，即语言是从人们的咕哝、喊叫逐渐发展起来的，并且开始肯定是很简单的。”must have+过去分词，表示对过去事情的猜测。故选项B为正确答案。27答案：A【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查连词的用法。【详细解答】 however意为“然而”，表示转折关系；therefore意为“因此”，表因果关系； probably意为“也许”；“undoubtedl

41、y” 意为“毫无疑问地”。根据上下文，此处需要一个表转折关系的连词，故选项A为正确答案。28答案：D【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查代词what的用法。【详细解答】 what引导一个名词性从句，充当介词of的宾语，同时在从句中充当regard的宾语。29答案：C【试题分析】本题为副词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 conspicuously意为“明显地，引人注目地”； usually意为“通常地”； surprisingly意为“惊人地，意想不到地”；sufficiently意为“充足地”。这里指原本认为很简单的事，却是意想不到的复杂，故用surprisingly修饰形容词complicated最合乎

42、句意。30答案：A【试题分析】本题考查连词的用法。【详细解答】 so as to意为“以便，为的是”； so that意为“因此”，一般要接从句；as such意为“照这样，像这样”；as well as意为“像一样”。本句意为“爱斯基摩人必须掌握10000单词以便很好地交流”，故选项A为正确答案。31. 答案：B【试题分析】本题考查连词的用法。【详细解答】 however表转折，moreover表递进关系；though表让步关系；therefore表因果关系。前面讲到爱斯基摩人掌握的词汇多，后面又讲他们的词汇变化形式也很丰富，因此这里是递进关系，故选项B为正确答案。32. 答案：D【试题分析

43、】本题考查代词的用法。【详细解答】本句是一个比较结构，than后面常用that或those，此处用those代指前面提到的words，其他三项都不能起这种替代作用。33. 答案：A【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 single意为“单个的，单一的”；singular意为“单数的，奇异的”；plural意为“复数的”；compound意为“复合的，合成的”。这里是说“单个的名词其读法和写法就有上百种形式”，故选项A为正确答案。34. 答案：B【试题分析】本题为形容词用法辨析题。【详细解答】 some可用于修饰具体的数字，表示“大约”；several修饰数词hundred，thou

44、sand等时，数词用单数；various“多种多样的”和varied“变化的，不一样的”都不能修饰数词。根据后面的数词hundred，正确答案为选项B。 35. 答案：C【试题分析】本题为动词词义辨析题。【详细解答】本句中动词的宾语是meaning，常用的搭配是have a meaning，意为“具有的意思”，符合句意，故选项C为正确答案。getting意为“得到”；causing意为“引起”；owning意为“拥有”都不合符句意。36. 答案：D【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 endless意为“无休止的”；multiple意为“多重的，多样的”；uncountable意为

45、“不可数的，无数的”；numerous意为“许多的，众多的”。上文提到一个名词的变化形式就有上百种，此处指动词的变化形式更多，指数量多，故选项D为正确答案。37. 答案：A【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】本句意为“爱斯基摩语是最难学的一种语言，因而几乎没有商人或探险家试图去掌握它。” with the result that意为“结果是，因而”；as和result搭配时常用的形式为as a result意为“结果”；as a result of意为“作为的结果”；for表原因，不与result搭配；owing to意为“归因于”，表原因。根据句意，此处表示结果，故选项A为正确

46、答案。38答案：D【试题分析】本题考查副词的用法。【详细解答】这里是说甚至没有人试着努力去掌握它。still意为“仍然，还”；indeed意为“确实，真正地”；just意为“仅仅，不过是”；even意为“甚至，连都”。根据句意，此处缺少一个程度副词，故选项D为正确答案。39答案：B【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。【详细解答】 alike意为“相似的”，be alike to意为“对是同样的”； similar意为“相似的，类似的”，similar to意为“与相似，类似于”； related意为“有联系的，相近的”，related to意为“与有联系的”；relevant意为“相关的，关联

47、的”，relevant to意为“和有关的”。这里是说爱斯基摩人在和白人交流中发展起来的一种混合语，它类似于旧中国使用的混杂英语，故选项B为正确答案。40答案：A【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】本句是说“就是这种混合语通常被旅行者们称作爱斯基摩语。”refer to sth. as sth.意为“把称作”，此句中用的是被动形式sth. .is referred to as sty.，故为正确答案。2003） During McDonald's early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russ

48、et Burbank potatoes were (1), cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. (2) the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960', it sought to cut labor costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (3) that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald's began (4) to frozen French

49、fries in 1966-and few customers noticed the difference. (5), the change had a profound effect on the nation's agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial (6) McDonald's fries now come from huge manufacturing plants (7) can process two million

50、 pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion (8) McDonald's and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat. The taste of McDonald's French fries played a crucial role in the chain's success-fries are much more profitable than hamburgers-and was (9) prai

51、sed by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (10) taste does not stem from the kind of potatoes that McDonald's (11), the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the (12) large proces

52、sing companies, and have similar (13) in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is (14) determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald's cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oiled and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique

53、(15).1. A. scaled B. stripped C. peeled D. sliced2. A. As B. Due to C. owing to D. With3. A. ensue B. ensure C. enrich D. enable4. A. switching B. parting C. modifying D. altering5. A. Still B. Anyway C. Besides D. Nevertheless6. A. brand B. stuff C. commodity D. produce7. A. this B. that C. / D. what8. A. into