2020届高三英语书面表达专项练习：(13)概要写作一

1、概要写作一1、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。We all have daily problems with technology, but how many of us can fix them? Mya Le Thai, a scientist from theUniversity of California, Irvine recently discovered a process that might result in batteries that could last forever.Thai said she was frustrated that the b

2、atteries for her wireless devices degraded. Over time, they failed to charge fully.Thai did not like to keep her wireless laptop connected to an electrical outlet. She decided to do something about thatproblem. At first, she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery. But as the

3、y experimented, Thaidiscovered something that might permit lithium-ion （锂离子）batteries to last forever. Lithium-ion batteries power mostwireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. One of the reasons why lithium-ion batteriesdegrade is their use of nanowires （纳米线） to

4、carry electricity. Nanowires are extremely thin. They are extremelyefficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries. But their thinness also makes them weak.Nanowires break over time, she said.“Thats why they lose capacity.But, Thai had a theory: The nanowires might last longe

5、r if covered with a gel. She and the team tested her theory.“It was a long process and a lot of work, Thai said. The team tried manycoverings for the wires. The nanowires were coated with a gel, PMMA, and cycled through charging 200,000 times. Thegel showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest

6、ed that batteries could last forever without losing charging ability.Thai said 200,000 cycles amount to about three months on just one device. Thai hopes to continue her research tosee if any other gel could work better.Thai tells VOA she is enjoying the publicity about her discovery. She said she n

7、ever expected her research to getmedia coverage.“Its kind of cool,”she said.“Im really glad people are showing interest in my worknot justin the work itself, but also in technology and energy.”2、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。You might think that whether you choose a blue shirt or a yellow one to wear to

8、 work or college makes no difference toyour day and those around you. However, an increasing number of experts argue that the colors we choose affect ourmood, our career prospects and even our health.emotional exhaustion, studentscortisol levels were提升Vatedgher cortisol levels inThe power of color h

9、as been used for centuries and we should be making the most of it in our lives. Color affects us toa greater degree than most of us realize. It is used increasingly by psychologists and therapists for influencing mood andstate of mind, and for various types of treatments when we are ill. Some people

10、 even believe that the blind can benefitfrom the“vibrations震动）”that color gives off.Companies use color to great effect to encourage us to buy their products. For example, purple isseen as creative and mixes well with red, to show that a company has ideas and the power to make them happen. Orangeand

11、 blue are also recommended colors for companies to use, because orange is the color of communication and bluesuggests safety and security. So this could be a particularly good combination. Companies have found certain colors“speakgroups. They often use red to attract younger people to their products

12、, for example, as it is vibrant and more youthful thancolors like gold and navy, which older customers seem to prefer.Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this whendeciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take

13、 you seriously, then wearing navy blue or black is good.Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red getsyou noticed by everyone and makes you, the wearer, feel energetic, but be careful, as it can raise your pulse rate and notev

14、eryone wants this effect.So think carefully before you leave the house. The colors you choose are a wonderful tool. Are you making the rightimpressionon yourself and on others?3、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。A new, first-of-its- kind study examines the connection between teacher burnout and students str

15、ess levels.Researchers from the University of British Columbia collected saliva（唾液） samples from over 400 elementary schoolchildren, grades four to seven, at 17 public schools. Cortisol（皮 质醇） levels were then assessed from the samplesas the hormone is commonly used as a biological indicator of stres

16、s. Correspondingly, teacher burnout was determinedthrough survey results.Investigators found that in classrooms where teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings ofto specific ageelementary school children have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems. The study appe

17、ars inthe journal Social Science & Medicine. This suggests that stress contagion might be taking place in the classroom amongstudents and their teachers, said Eva Oberle, PhD, the studys lead author.Indeed, the relationship between student stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question

18、. It is unknown whatcame first, elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclicalproblem in the classroom.”Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers,which may impact teachersability to e

19、ffectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute tostudents needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because of incre

20、ases in anxiety,behavioral problems, or special needs. In this case, teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout.Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes increase and supportsfor teachers are cut,asrafirdomObaernleu.mber

21、o“f reIcteisntcleresearch studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources andsupport in their jobs in order to battle burnout and relieve stress in the classroom,”said the UniversityBorfitish Columbiaeducation professor Kimberly Schonert Reic

22、hl, PhD, the study-authsorc.o“If we do not support teachers, we risk thedamage ofstudents.”4、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。While contact between adolescents（between the ages of fifteen and nineteen）and their peers（同龄人）is a uni versalcharacteristic of all cultures, the n ature and the degree of such con

23、tact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society,adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This patter n of age segregati on（卩畐离）in America n society did not become usual un til the beginning of theindustrialized society. Changes in the workplace

24、separated children from adults, with adults working and children attendingschool. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of timeadolescents spend with adults.School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-s

25、egregated schools and grades, have reducedthe amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peerculture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, f

26、rom 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increasein the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth insize as well as in terms of its impact on societys other cultures ( adults, younger children).Research supports the view that adole

27、scents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleaguesexamined adolescentsdaily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in anyother activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their pee

28、rs as with adults. Thisgradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults ( excluding parents) account for only 25percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasinglyautonomous(自治的) function. While chil

29、dhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents,adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.5、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long ho

30、ursyou dont needthe break as much as you mthaiynk that makes you feel less tired.Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have asnack and come back to a task when youre feeling better. They arguedthat the only way to restore wi

31、llpower is by rest, food or entertainment.But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that peoplesbeliefs in willpower determine how long and how well theyll be able to woon a tough mental exercise.“If you think of willpower as something thats

32、 limited, youre more likely to be tired when youperform a difficult task, said Prof. Ver onika Job.“But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, youcan go on an d on.”The researchers designed four experiments to test students beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those

33、, who believed orwere led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those whothought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, studentswho believed the limited resource theory

34、ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more controlin resisting temptation （诱惑）.According to Mr. Job, the theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting, but it has had unintendedconsequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told tha

35、t their power of concentration is limited,and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in theirability to work through challenges.The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isnt driven by a biologically ba

36、sed process asmuch as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.6、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Uploading countless selfies（自拍照）, writing personal status updates,and checking your messages every other minuteseem like just a part of modem daily life, right? These are the markers

37、 of the relationship we all have with social media now,which started out just as a way to communicate with one another.According to a recent study by experts at the University of Georgia, there may be more to it than that. The findingssuggested some unmistakable correlations between social media use

38、 and whats known as“ grandiose narciSS夸的（自恋）.So, when does social media use become a problem? The University of Georgia carried out the research according to thefollowing questions : How long do people spend on social media? How often do they tweet or update status? How manyfriends or followers do t

39、hey have? How many selfies do they tend to post? If you do all the above things, it likely sends signalsabout your personality.All of these online actions have one thing in common : They are all ways in which we try to promote ourselves online.Therefore, it9s how you use the platform that counts.The

40、n, exactly how much time spent online is too much? The researchers didnt measure. However, another study fromBaylor University listed SALIENCE (social platforms becoming necessary in your daily life) and EUPHORIA (the feeling ofexcitement when you use them) among other things as signs of addiction.

41、That is to say, if you are constantly engaged withsocial media on a daily basis, it could be a sign that you have a negative relationship with it.Therefore, its how you use the platform that matters. Social media itself means no harm.Instead, more benefitscan be got if you use it carefully and wisel

42、y.7、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。American English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century, the English language was brought toNorth America by colonists from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, thelanguage used by Shakespeare.In order

43、 to exploit new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteencolonies, including Virginia, North Carolina,Georgia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. In these thirteenareas, English was a common language used by all people. The firs

44、t colonists established the English form in America.As time went by, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. Foreigners longing for wealth setfoot on the coastal area to trade. Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new wordsto meet th

45、eir commercial needs.Following American Independence, famous people like Thomas Jefferson, the President, began to consider that thecountry should have a language of its own. Noah Webster compiled (编撰) three elementary books on English. Later, heexpressed the idea that as an independent nation, Amer

46、ica should have a system of its own in language as well as ingovernment. After the second half of the 19th century, many great writers such as Mark Twain helped the development ofAmerican English.English in America has developed a character of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social

47、 environment of theAmerican people. Since the rise of the United States to a position of world importance, American English has beendeveloping and changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich the English language greatly. With the rapiddevelopment of modem mass media and the common

48、needs of economic, cultural and politicalexchanges, American Englishwill be more widely used in the world than British English.8、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Life doesnt always turn out the way wehensitdualitkioen. sWtake an unfriendly turn, webecome upset, frustrated, and angry. When others dont agree

49、 with us, live their lives the way we think they should not, or actin a manner we find disturbing, anger is a typical reaction. It seems that we feel anger gives us the momentary feeling ofpower in a situation where we feel we have lost authority. However,in fact,with the exception of a few cases,an

50、 angry reactionrarely improves the situation. It only makes the situation worse. Thoughtful consideration of what feelings and replies aremost advantageous actually restores real power. So consider the following alternatives to anger.One is compassion, which consists of both understanding and empath

51、y. If we view an individual whose behavior we findunacceptable, we should think each person has a right to live life according to their beliefs, dreams, needs and so on. Evenif someone is acting improperly, you should understand them rather than get bent out of shape. If they are struggling, lost, o

52、rin pain, you should choose to feel empathy for their suffering, hoping that they will soon pass through their current challengeto a more joyful place. If you do so, your anger will disappear.Humor is another powerful tool for stopping anger because it can help you stay calm when things get bad. Som

53、etimes wetake life far too seriously. That is bad for us and anger is easy to happen. We need to use humor to turn any serious situationinto a light one. Humor acts as a protective barrier to emotional pain.Therefore, when others behave badly, find it in your heart to forgive them for their unwise b

54、ehavior rather than complain.When life hands you the exact opposite of what you requested, take no notice of it instead of getting angry. After all, the badsituation is only temporary. So choose these alternative reactions to soften our heart and prevent anger from happening sothat we can enjoy our

55、life to the fullest.答案1答案：Do you look forward to one day when batteries are durable? Mya Le Thai and her team have realized our dream andwould like to share their invention with the public.（要点1）Watching carefully, they discovered what might fail batteries andadvanced the relative energy-saving techn

56、ology.（要点2） Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.（要点3）Naturally, it took them a long time to make the invention over and over again.（要点4） （71 words）2答案：Colors, whose power can be greater than expected, are believed to affect our mood, career and health.（要点1） Theyre in creas in gly

57、used to in flue nee our state of mind and treat ill nesS| 点2） So companies employ colors to promotesales, considering the image they convey and age groups they attract.（要点3） As colors of clothes can affect peoplesfeelings, deciding what to wear matters in making the right impression.（要点4） （64 words）

58、3答案：A new research shows that student strain often coexists with teacher exhaustion. （要点1）Students,who find theirrequirements unsatisfied as a result of teachers9 low-level management over class, may feel overwhelmingly stressed.（要点2） Conversely, teachers, who encounter great teaching challenge from

59、 students, tend to be burned out.（要点3 ）Therefore, more sufficient resources and support for teachers should be guaranteed, or students are likely to be ruined.（要点4） （63 words ）4答案：There are some causes of the birth of adolescent peer culture, where adolescents spend more time with their peers.（要点1 ）

60、 Firstly, changes in the workplace reduce the amount of time adolescents spend with their parents.（要点2）And school reforms result in their less lime spent with younger children.（要点3） Additionally, the increase in adolescentpopulation is another contributing factor.（要点4） Autonomy is another characteristic