跨文化交际实训Chapter1

1、陈文洁陈文洁FoodFish & chipsClothes HouseI. Culture 文化 Definitions of Culture文化的定义1according to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, culture is “the arts and other manifestations（证明）of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”. (Concise Oxford dictionary)文化是人类智慧的艺术和其他证明表现Definitions of Culture文化

2、的定义2culture is really difficult to define because it is a large and inclusive concept. But the only requirement for being cultured is to be human. Culture is what distinguishes human beings from animals. (Geert Hofstede,1997)文化是真的很难界定，因为它是一个巨大的和包容性的概念。但唯一的要求是要培养对象是人类,动物没有文化。（海尔特哈夫斯特，1997年）I. Culture

3、 文化 Metaphors in Culture 文化中的隐喻 p.3The Culture Iceberg 文化冰山文化冰山食物食物音乐音乐传统传统风俗风俗行为语言行为语言 态度态度价值价值信仰信仰知觉知觉 看法看法The Culture Onion 文化洋葱文化洋葱 符号符号英雄人物英雄人物仪式仪式价值观价值观I. Culture 文化 Characteristics of Culture 文化的特点 p.5Culture is shared 共享性Culture is learned 可学性Culture is based on symbols标志性Culture is integrat

4、ed 综合性 Culture is dynamic 动态性II. Communication 交际 Definitions of Communication 交际的定义交际的定义Generally speaking, communication can be d e f i n e d a s a d y n a m i c , s y m b o l i c , transactional and contextual process in which people create shared meanings or messages.一般来说，在人们分享过程中：沟通可以被定义一般来说，在人

5、们分享过程中：沟通可以被定义为一个动态的，象征性的，和上下连接的过程为一个动态的，象征性的，和上下连接的过程II. Communication 交际 Types of Communication 交际的类型交际的类型 Verbal Communication 语言交流语言交流 II. Communication 交际 Types of Communication 交际的类型交际的类型 Non-Verbal Communication 非语言交流非语言交流 II. Communication 交际 Types of Communication 交际的类型交际的类型 Written Communi

6、cation 书面交流书面交流II. Communication 交际 Types of Communication 交际的类型交际的类型 Visual communication 视觉交流视觉交流 II. Communication 交际 Communication and Culture 交际与文化交际与文化 cultures are created through communication文化是通过沟通文化是通过沟通culture is created, shaped, transmitted, and learned through communication 文化是在沟通中传达，和

7、学习的文化是在沟通中传达，和学习的communication practices are largely created, shaped, and transmitted by culture 文化通过沟通建立和传播文化通过沟通建立和传播Comprehension Questions1.What is the major challenge facing effective communication in interpersonal encounter?在人与人之间的沟通中，你觉得最重要的挑战是什么？在人与人之间的沟通中，你觉得最重要的挑战是什么？III. Intercultural Com

8、munication 跨文化交际 p.13Definitions of Intercultural Communication跨跨文化交际的定义文化交际的定义Edward T. Hall simply defines intercultural communication as communication between persons of different cultures.爱德华T.霍尔，简单地定义跨文化交际，不同文化背景的人之间的沟通。Hu Wenzhong, a well-known professor of intercultural communication in China

9、, defines intercultural communication as communication between people of different cultural backgrounds. 胡文仲，国内知名教授，中国跨文化交际，跨文化交际定义为不同文化背景的人之间的交流。III. Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际 Forms of Intercultural communication 跨文化交际的形式跨文化交际的形式Intracultural Communication 同文化交际III. Intercultural Communicat

10、ion 跨文化交际 Forms of Intercultural communication 跨文化交际的形式跨文化交际的形式Interethnic Communication 跨种族交际III. Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际 Forms of Intercultural communication 跨文化交际的形式跨文化交际的形式Interracial Communication 跨人种交际威尼斯狂欢节威尼斯狂欢节III. Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际 OvercomingOvercoming Barriers to

11、 Intercultural Communication 克服跨文化交际的障碍克服跨文化交际的障碍Hofstede(2002)lists five main barriers, which can help Hofstede(2002)lists five main barriers, which can help us have a better idea of the barriers we have in us have a better idea of the barriers we have in intercultural ercultural c

12、ommunication.五个主要的障碍：五个主要的障碍：1.Language differences 1.Language differences 语言差异（口音，俚语，乡土口音）语言差异（口音，俚语，乡土口音）2.Nonverbal communication 2.Nonverbal communication 非语言沟通非语言沟通3.Stereotypes 3.Stereotypes 刻板印象刻板印象4.cultural bias on judgments 4.cultural bias on judgments 文化偏见文化偏见5. high level of stress 5. hi

13、gh level of stress 压力大压力大Here are some suggestions to overcome barriers in intercultural communication:1. We should raise awareness of cultural difference to overcome intercultural communication.我们应该提高文化差异意识，克服跨文化交际2.We should try to obtain knowledge.我们应该努力获取知识。3.We should try to enhance motivation.

14、我们应该努力增强动力。4.We should master some relative skills.我们应该掌握相关的一些技能。IV. Intercultural Business Communication 跨文化商务交际The Research of intercultural Business Communication 对跨文化商务交际的研究对跨文化商务交际的研究most of the intercultural communication relevant to business.大多数的跨文化沟通与商务有关international/intercultural business

15、literature does not focus on communication.国际/跨文化商务文学不注重沟通。another focal point of intercultural communication research is individu-alism vs. collectivism and the impact of the relationship on the functioning of society跨文化传播研究的另一个焦点是个人主义与集体主义和社会的正常关系运转的影响IV. Intercultural Business Communication 跨文化商务

16、交际The Importance of Learning Intercultural Business Communication 学习跨文化交际的重要性学习跨文化交际的重要性 Intercultural communication skills are essential for businesspersons in todays market 跨文化的沟通技巧是在当今市场必不可少的技巧the increase in globalization in the last few decades 在过去的几十年里，经济中全球化发展economic globalization 经济全球化Compr

17、ehension QuestionsWhy do we should learn intercultural business communication?为什么我们应该学习跨文化商务沟通？为什么我们应该学习跨文化商务沟通？Case AnalysisCase 1Phil is my foreign teacher. He is very nice and friendly to me and he often asks us to have free talk in his apartment. One day, I decided to give Phil a gift to express

18、 my appreciation of his help in my oral English. I called him but the line was busy. So I went to Phils apartment directly. He opened the door looking surprised, but didnt let me in. I stood in the corridor and said a few words of thanks, and gave my gift to him and left quietly with great disappoin

19、tment and puzzlement. Questions for Discussion1. How could he be so cold to me? All my gratitude（感激（感激的心情）的心情） and fondness（喜爱）（喜爱） of Phil seemed to have gone.Case AnalysisCase 2Mr. Wang, the Chairman of Board of Directors of a Chinese firm, told a story on CCTV program “Dialogue” of how he once al

20、most lost a valuable Canadian employee working for him in Vancouver（温哥华）（温哥华）. He emailed every day to the Canadian, inquiring for the index number（物价或人口基数）（物价或人口基数） he was most concerned about. To his great astonishment（惊讶）（惊讶）, his Canadian employee turned in his resignation（辞职信）（辞职信） after a week

21、. Mr. Wang was puzzled how he could do that to him as he gave such great attention to his job. A Chinese employee would have been more than happy if his or her boss had showed such great concern for him or her. He then found out that, unlike Chinese employees, the Canadian took what meant great conc

22、ern to Chinese as distrust（不信任）（不信任）. But Mr. Wang assumed unconsciously that the Canadian was more similar to his Chinese employees than he actually was and treated him just as he treated any Chinese employee.Case AnalysisCase 2Questions for Discussion1. Why does the Canadian employee turn in his r

23、esignation?2. What kind of response will a Chinese employee have if a boss showed great concern for him or her? 3. What are the reasons of this communication barrier? Case AnalysisCase 3In exchange for some U.S.-controlled land in West Germany, the German government agreed to construct a new facilit

24、y at another military installation（军事设施）（军事设施） controlled by the U.S. Army. After the preliminary drawings（初步设计稿）（初步设计稿）were completed, a meeting was held with the German and American engineers and one translator repeated the question in English; the Americans question was then translated back into

25、German.A German asked a question about the maximum distance allowed between two points that he had indicated in the drawing. The question was translated, and an American engineer quickly raised his hand with his index finger（食指）（食指） pointing upward and answered “one meter.” Case AnalysisCase 3The translator, thinking no translation was