第二讲中考英语书面表达解题思路与技巧

1、第二讲 中考英语书面表达解题思路与技巧 孙志祥 2007-04-18 16:10:11 原创 点击数:88 中考书面表达侧重考查学生们的语言运用能力。近几年在全国各地的中考英语试卷中，此类题型已被广泛采用，其所占分值比例逐渐增加，这对那些基础薄弱的考生来说难上加难。如果考生们想摆脱这种困境，我认为掌握中考书面表达解题技巧尤为重要。一、中考书面表达常见题型 1看图写句子。 2看图填词。 3看图回答问题。 4提示作文。 5看图写短文（记叙文、说明文、议论文、日记及应用文）。二、中考书面表达题型特点 1所选题材多是学生熟悉的，比较贴近实际生活； 2需要的使用语言材料是学生自己掌握的； 3对字数的要求

2、一般都在80个单词左右； 4通过文字说明或图画对考生所写内容进行限定。三、中考书面表达解题技巧 1写作前 (1) 仔细审题。考生在写作之前首先要弄清题目的要求，认真考虑要写的题目、题材、格式和情景，也就是说要弄清题目所说的情景、要求表达的要点、要求使用的文体、格式及行文内容等。 以2005年天津高级中等学校招生考试书面表达题为例。通过审题可知，本文体裁为说明文，使用一般过去时和一般现在时。 根据图示，用英语写一篇题为“Changes in Peoples Life”的短文，介绍过去和现在人们生活的变化。要求：1.词数在80个左右。2把图中所示内容表达完整，条理清晰，意思连贯。3开头部分已经给出

3、，不计入总词数。参考词：apartment 公寓 Great changes have taken place in peoples life in the past 20 years. In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending _ (2) 准备写作。考生在写作之前先列提纲，也就是说要完整无缺地写出要点，这是组织语言，形成短文的基础。中考书面表达的评分依据之一就是内容要点。因此，在认真审题、弄清题意基础上，应逐个地完美无缺地把内容要点列出来，然后翻译成英文短语或句子，以便下一步组织语

4、言，形成短文。但要注意：要点不要遗漏，非要点不必添加；将要点翻译成英语时，要尽量用你最熟悉的常用词汇和基本句型。 以2005年天津高级中等学校招生考试书面表达题为例。该题内容要点有以下八点：(1) letters 寄信(2) listen to the radio 听收音机(3) go to school by bike 骑自行车上学(4) room; small 屋子很小(5) make a telephone call / call sb. / ring sb. up 打电话(6) watch TV 看电视(7) go to school by car 坐小汽车上学(8) live in

5、apartment / large rooms 住在公寓里2. 写作中(1) 要书写工整、规范，保持卷面整洁。(2) 要用最熟悉的、最有把握的词汇和基本句型，语言表达还要流畅，符合英美人士的表达习惯，避免汉式英语。五种基本句型结构：AS + V （主语 + 不及物动词）BS + V + P （主语 + 连系动词 + 表语）CS + V + O （主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语）DS + V + IO + DO（主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）ES + V + O + C （主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）(3) 注意英汉语法方面的差异、词的形式变化；还要注意时态、语

6、态的正确运用。如果在写作中遇到不会的单词、词组和句子，可以找同义词和同义句型来代替。 根据以上图片和列出的要点可以写出以下句子： Picture 1: by sending letters. Picture 2: They would listen to the radio for news and other information.Picture 3: Children used to go to school by bicycle. Children went to school by bicycle in the past.Picture 4: Big families had to

7、share small rooms. They lived in small rooms.Picture 5: Now people can talk to others by telephone. Now people can make telephone calls to their family or friends.Picture 6: They can watch TV at home. They can watch news or other programmes on TV.Picture 7: Children go to school by car. Some familie

8、s are rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars.Picture 8: More and more people live in big and bright apartments with several rooms. (4) 用连词成句的方法将要点的英文词语扩展成句子，然后再用连词成文的方法来组织语言，形成短文。常用的连接词语有so, but, when, and, first, then, not onlybut also, for example, by the way, from now on,

9、at first, at last, in a word等。One possible version: Changes in Peoples Life Great changes have taken place in peoples life in the past 20 years. In the past people kept in touch with relatives or friends mainly by sending letters. They would listen to the radio for news. Children used to go to schoo

10、l by bicycle. And big families had to share small rooms. Now people can talk to others by telephone or (they can talk) on the internet at home. When they are free, they watch the news and other programmes on TV. Some families are rich enough to send their children to school in their own cars. More a

11、nd more people live in big and bright apartments with several rooms. In a word, people live better than before.3. 写作后 通读全文，检查复核。这是做好书面表达的一个不可缺少的步骤。在写好短文后，从题目要求上要对全文进行检查和修改。要注意字数是否符合；体裁格式是否正确；内容要点是否全面；语言表达上是否有错误，大到主谓一致、时态呼应、习惯用法、小至单词拼写、大小写及标点符号，都不可以放过。第四讲 中考英语总复习完形填空专项练习 钟聪 2007-05-11 15:48:10 原创 点击数

12、:119 完形填空题是对学生英语语言知识与语言运用能力的一种测试。其考查的形式灵活，综合性较强，要求考生能综合运用所学的知识在特定的语境中进行合理的推理判断，并能准确地从四个备选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文结构完整，意义通畅。一做题中的推测手段 1根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推测。 注意上下文的逻辑关系和文章的逻辑关系是做好完形填空题的关键，它要求考生在了解文章大意的基础上，联系上下文，运用思维逻辑进行比较、判断，找出既符合词义、句意，又符合上下文语境，合理的正确答案。 2根据语篇标志进行推测。 语篇一般是指比单一句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇和语篇之间往往有标明其内在联系的词语

13、，这些词语称为“语篇标志”，例如：表示结构层次的firstly, secondly等，表示逻辑关系的therefore, so, but等，表示话题改变的by the way等。在做完形填空题时，充分利用这些语篇标志可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。 3根据文化背景知识进行推测。 完形填空题考查的知识面较广，从文化、科学常识，到历史地理知识；从风俗民情到民族习惯等等，无所不考。考生在做这类题时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。具备了一定的文化背景知识，才能比较准确地判断正确答案。 4根据常识进行判断。 中学生已经掌握了较丰富的科学与生活常识，也具备了一定的判断能力。在考查语言知

14、识和技能的同时，考查这些简单的常识性的问题，也是对学生知识面的检测。 5根据语法知识进行推测。 对于考查语法知识的考题，不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点进行分析，并根据其语法结构和句式特点进行合理推测，从而迅速解决问题。 6运用词汇知识推测答案。 完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要集中在词语的搭配和同义词的辨析两大方面。要做好这类题目，首先要有较大的词汇量，较强的词语搭配能力，以及在语句中理解词义的能力，做题时要结合上下文的语境，确定词的意义。二例题解析 “Ring ring” the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to

15、1 the call. It was his aunt. “Sam, 2 are you still at home?” she asked surprisingly. Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m. “Oh, my goodness! Theres an important 3 today,” Sam shouted out. He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he had not

16、put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 and put them into the bag. He then went to the bus stop to go to school as 7 as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were 8 writing. “Why are you so 9 ?” asked the teacher . “Im sorry, sir,” Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . “It was

17、my clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .” “Don't say anything about it,” his teacher 12 him. “Dont try to come late next time!” Sam said yes and walked to his 13 quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not 14 in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, “What a 15 d

18、ay it has been for me!”( )1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer( )2. A. why B. how C. when D. where( )3. A. talk B. party C. exam D. meeting( )4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested( )5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought( )6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door( )7. A. carefully B. qu

19、ietly C. early D. fast( )8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful( )9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready( )10. A. down B. up C. out D. back( )11. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed( )12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped( )13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher( )14. A. think B. sit

20、 C. turn D. speak( )15. A. short B. bad C. happy D. usual 分析：这是一篇关于一个学生考试迟到的事。短文一开始就是电话铃声，Sam应该起来接电话，所以第l空中应选D，这四个动词中只有answer能表示“接电话”这个含义。第2空中要选择一个副词，句中已含有still at home等状语，故不能选择when，where, how表示方式，如用在本句中则句意不通，所以选A。第3空，从后文知，Sam是到学校去，故应选C。对于学生来说，exam是学生最可能要做的事，并且后文说到其他学生在writing。第4空，get dressed意为“穿衣服”

21、，要注意这个短语的完整性。第5空，从前一句中的动词leave以及后文中的一系列动作可知，本空中应填remembered才符合逻辑，其他词不能使文章通顺。第6空要注意分析备选项的意义；从后文he had not put away his books可知选B最合适，因书应该是放在课桌上。第7空中应填fast，因Sam 要迟到了。第8空中要注意在形容词后接writing，故选busy。第9空，从上文知，Sam 已经迟到了，故老师应问他迟到的原因，选A。第10空表明Sam的态度，他害怕抬头看老师，故选up。第11空，Sam所陈述的理由是闹钟未响，故填C，failed。第12空，从上文Sam的话没说完知

22、道这时老师打断了他的话，故选D，stopped。第13空，Sam 在教室里走去的当然是C，seat。第14空，本空说明Sam 思维混乱，不能思考，选A。第15空，综合上文可知Sam 感到这一天太糟糕，故选B 。第七讲：回顾历年英语中考完形填空题 钟聪 2007-05-31 17:56:07 原创 点击数:26 【一】（2006年沈阳市） Mrs. Ball had a son. His name was Mick. She_1_him very much and as he was not a_2_child, she was always_3_that he might be ill. _4

23、_she used to take him to see the best_5_in the town four times a year to be looked_6_. _7_one of these visits, the doctor gave Mick all kinds of tests and then said to him, “Have you had any_8_with your nose or ears recently?” Mick_9_for a second and then answered.” Yes,I_10_.” Mrs. Ball was very_31

24、-.”But Im sure you have_12_told me that, Mick!” She said worriedly. ”Oh, really?” said the doctor_13_.” And what trouble have you with your nose and ears, my boy?” “Well,” answered Mick, “I always have trouble with them when Im_14_my sweater off, because the_15_is very tight(紧的).”( )1A. loved B. hat

25、ed C. missed D. looked( )2.A.rich B. clever C. strong D. happy( )3.A.afraid B. surprised C. glad D. sure( )4.A.Which B. For C. But D. So( )5.A.player B. teacher C. doctor D. lawyer( )6.A.round B. over C. for D. after( )7.A.At B. During C. For D. To( )8.A.answer B. thing C. word D. trouble( )9.A.wait

26、ed B. thought C. stood D. looked( )10.A.did B. will C. have D. do( )11.A.excited B. interested C. pleased D. surprised( )12.A.already B. just C. never D. always( )13.A,angrily B. seriously C. happily D. carefully( )14.A.turning B. taking C. keeping D. putting( )15.A.collar(衣领) B. nose C. mouth D. ea

27、r【二】（06孝感市） When youre a teenager(青少年), it seems that every time you say, “I want to ”, your parents answer, “No, you cant.” Young people further complain that their parents do not _1_ them. When something goes_2_, most parents just dont believe in their children. _3_ asking why, they think their ki

28、ds are wrong. And not many parents allow their kids to choose for themselves. Yes, _4_ is true that your parents sometimes treat you as a little child. But remember that not long ago you were really a child. Your parents still remember the childish _5_you used to make. They want to protect you _6_yo

29、u dont want them to do so. So, if you want to get _7_ freedom(自由), please try to understand your parents and dont lie to them. Try a more friendly way. If you want them to_8_you to stay out late, dont just say, “All_9_ kids can stay out late.” Tell them as much as you can about what you want to do a

30、nd where youll be and _10_its important for you to stay out late. Then they just might say, “yes”.1.A. enjoy B. prefer C. understand D. decide2.A. badly B. wrong C. nice D. clear3.A. Except B. Instead C. With D. Without4.A. it B. this C. that D. one5.A. uses B. differences C. minds D. mistakes6.A. i

31、f B. though C. because D. since7.A. most B. least C. more D. less8.A. allow B. hope C. wish D. ask9.A. another B. others C. the others D. the other10.A. how B. when C. why D. which 【三】（05天津） Building a house is an operation which costs quite a lot of money. Suppose you plan to 1 a house, your first

32、step is to find a suitable piece of 2 , You will probably try to find a sunny place, in a 3 situation, near stores and bus stops, not too far from your friends and the place where you work. Next you will find an 4 builder. And together with the builder you will make a 5 , The builder will draw it. T

33、he builder will also 6 the cost of your house. He will estimate(估计)the cost of the wood, the glass, and everything else that he must use in building the house. Later on, when he starts to build, this estimate must 7 , because the prices may the prices may 8 , and many other thing may happen between

34、the time when he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house. 9 the builder gives you his estimate, you may wish to change your plan. You may find that some of the things you wanted at first cost too much, or that you can 10 a little more and add something to your original plan.1.A buy

35、B decorate C build D find2.A floor B place C land D playground3. A mysterious B surprised C pleased D pleasant4.A excited B experienced C interesting D extra5.A map B plan C decision D discussion6. A find out B carry on C work out D work on7.A be corrected B be copied C be read D be written8.A swap

36、B change C exist D influence9. A When B While C Until D Since10. A cost B spend C take D pay for【四】（05重庆） Mr. Johnson had a factoryHe once 1 on TV that animals could he taught to 2 some work for people if they were given 3 to eat He loved the ideaHe thought it would be 4 to have a dog look after his

37、 5 and an elephant do some heavy jobs 6 his factory. He bought a dog 7 an elephant in the market and decided to teach them to do some work for himOf coursehe 8 bought a lot of food for them Several months later，the dog and the elephant 9 fatter and fatter，but they 10 do any work for himAt last，Mr. J

38、ohnson had to give up1Asaw Basked Cmet2Amake Bdo C1et3Asomeone Bnothing Csomething4Abad Bgood C1ate5Ahouse Bshirt Ceyes6Ain Babove Cunder7Abut Bor Cand8Aalso Bnever Cyet9Asmelt Bsounded Cbecame10Amustnt Bcouldnt Cshouldnt 【五】（05年济宁市） Most adults(成人) once studied at school, had classes and did their

39、homework everyday. The same thing is going on at school now. 1 it seems that doing weekend homework is 2 problem for the modern students. All the students should 3 that weekend homework should be abolished(取消).It is 4 for them to study at school five days a week. They have a lot of interests. With h

40、omework to do on Saturday and Sunday, when can they find 5 to help their parents do the housework, go and see a football or basketball game or a good film, join in family recreation(娱乐）, or just have 6 at home? Because of these other activities, the homework can't be finished until 7 evening. So

41、 their weekend homework is usually done in such a hurry that on Monday teachers are 8 because many of the students know little about the 9 . If there were no weekend homework to do, they would be happy to go to school on Monday 10 two days' good rest and to learn what the teachers teach. 1. A. A

42、lso B. But C. Still D. Though 2. A. not a B. another C. one D. other 3. A. agree B. decide C. understand D. disagree 4. A. enjoyable B. enough C. good D. useful 5. A. work B. time C. room D. money 6. A. a rest B. an exam C. a lesson D. a picnic 7. A. Monday B. Saturday C. Friday D. Sunday 8. A. plea

43、sed B. sorry C. unhappy D. satisfied 9. A. lessons B. games C. interests D. activities 10. A. during B. until C. before D. after【六】（山东潍坊） When you write a letter or make a telephone call, your words 1 a message. People communicate with words. Do you think you can communicate 2 words? A smile 3 your

44、face shows you are happy and friendly. Tears in your eyes tell 4 that you are sad. When you 5 your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something 6 ask questions. You shake your head, and people know you are saying no. You nod and people know you are saying 7 . Other things can also give

45、 some information. For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus 8 . A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the library. Signs on doors tell you 9 to go in or out. 10 you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages 11 them all th

46、e time? People can, communicate 12 many other ways. 13 artist can use his drawing to tell about beautiful mountains, about the blue sea and many other things. Books 14 to tell you about all wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books, magazines, TV and radio and films

47、all help us to communicate with other people. They all help us to know 15 is going on in the world. 1. A. take B. bring C. carry D. gives2. A. by B. with C. use D. without 3. A. in B. on C. on D. over 4. A. others B. the others C. other D. the other 5. A. put on B. put out C. put up D. put down 6. A

48、. when B. or C. but D. if7. A. no B. hello C. yes D. nothing 8. A. to B. to chose C. to have D. to take 9. A. which B. where C. how D. what 10. A. Do B. Did C. Had D. Have 11. A. from B. of C. about D. for 12. A. with B. by C. without D. in 13. A. The B. An C. A D. Some 14. A. write B. wrote C. is w

49、ritten D. are written 15. A. what B. which C. that D. who 【一】1.A 2.C3. A 4.D5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.C13.B14. B15.A【二】1-10 CBDAD BCADC【三】15 CCDBB 610 CABAB【四】15 ABCBA 610 ACACB【五】1-5 BCABB 610 ADCAD【六】1.C2.D3.B4.A5.C6. B7.C8.D9.C10.D11. A12. B13. B14. D15. A第六讲 中考英语完形填空自测 钟聪 2007-05-25 09:27:52 原创

50、点击数:181 一. 学习目标 通过完型填空练习的综合训练，培养学生诸方面的能力： 1、在不同的语境中正确理解和灵活运用所学词汇的能力。上下文融会贯通、整体谋篇的能力。 2、整合已有的生活体验，进行逻辑推理和综合运用知识的能力。运用史地常识、时政热点知识进行分析推理的能力。二. 解题指导 1、注意文章首句，它是了解全文大意的基石，文章的第一句往往是该篇的主题句，它可以为我们提供解题的基本信息。答题前，先通读全文，别急于做出选择。千万不要只看到空格所在的句子，尤其是开篇的前几个空格。要根据短文内容和上下文语境，做出符合情节、语法和逻辑的正确选择。当然，对于那些较为明显的答案，完全可以在看文章的第一时间同步选出，而那些需要思考的选项，可以等到读完一遍后再逐一确定。 2、结合自己的生活经验进行适当的联想，随时设想所遇到的空格中应该出现的内容，而后再以该题选项来验证自己