2019年职称英语《理工类》考前强化练习题2

1、2019 年职称英语理工类考前强化练习题 2二、阅读判断。阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了6 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是准确信息，请在 答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。ComputersBefore the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities.

2、The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area

3、of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply

4、 changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in

5、 use in the United States one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order formanagers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how compu

6、ters work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is n

7、ot difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.16 Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some min

8、or areas such as billing and vocational training.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shopA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 One thing t

9、hat managers do not have to understand is how computers work.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Computerized firms would r

10、ather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned参考答案：16. A17. B 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. C8. There are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt.A. result B. jud

11、gementC. estimation D. event9. He is certain that the dictionary is just what I want.A. sure B. angryC. doubtful D. worried10. The last few weeks have been enjoyable.A. close B. nearC. past D. several11. What were the consequences of the decision she had made?A. reasons B. resultsC. causes D. bases1

12、2. They didn't realize how serious the problem was.A. know B. forgetC. doubt D. remember13. We shall keep the money in a secure place.A. clean B. secretC. distant D. safe14. The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that cityA. attacked B. surprisedC. attracted D. interested15. T

13、he city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.A. get rid of B. set upC. repair D. paint第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做 出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择 A; 如果该句提供的是错 误信息，请选择 B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Easy LearningStudents should be jealous. Not only do babies get to

14、 doze their days away, but they've also mastered the fine artof learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn l

15、anguage while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds one that sounds like“oo”, another like“ee” and a thirdboundary vowel p

16、eculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between. EEG recordings of theinfants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep

17、-study groups. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who 'd heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showe

18、d brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn 't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspect

19、s that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don 't “turn off their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she addssoforget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a langu

20、age tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.16. Babies can learn language even in their sleep.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. An infant can recogniz

21、e a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. The study shows that the in

22、fant 's cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. If an adult wants to learn a language faster. he can put a language tape under his pillow.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Cheour 's finding is worthless.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括

23、大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8 分)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务： (1) 第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2 6段其中四段选择 1 个标题;(2) 第 2730题要求从 所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个选项。Screen TestEvery year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early ecough, the disease can often be treated successfull

24、y. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screeningprogrammes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of indu

25、cing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulativ edose of radiatio

26、n, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.The mathematical model recommended by Britain'sNational Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by

27、 the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led, to a lower figure of 20 cancers.The researchers argue that the level of radiation- induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to thefar larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they

28、say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. T

29、he results of theirstudy, they suggest, could help“optimise the techniquefor breast cancer screening.“There is a trade -off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.” admits Michael Clark ofthe NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the bas

30、is of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiationexposure should be minimised in any screening programme.23. Paragraph 224. Paragraph 325. Paragraph 426. Paragraph 5A. Harm Screening May Do to a You

31、nger WomanB. Investigating the Effect of ScreeningC. Effects Predicted by Two Different ModelsD. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE. Treatment of CancersF. Factors That Trigger Cancers27. Early discovery of breast cancer may.28. Advantages of screening women under 50 are.29. Delaying the

32、 age at which screening starts may.30. Radiation exposure should be.A. be costlyB. harmfulC. save a lifeD. still open to debateE. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF. reduced to the minimum第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8 分)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务： (1) 第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2 6段其中四段选择 1 个标题;(2)

33、 第 2730题要求从 所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个选项。Screen TestEvery year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early ecough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine

34、 of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breas

35、t tissue is denser.Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the women's cumulativedose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.The math

36、ematical model recommended by Britain 's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led, to a lower figure o

37、f 20 cancers.The researchers argue that the level of radiation- induced cancers is“not very significant” compared to thefar larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.B

38、ut they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help“optimise the technique ”for breast ca

39、ncer screening.“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.” admits Michael Clark ofthe NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there

40、is a risk of causing one later in life. That's why radiationexposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”23. Paragraph 224. Paragraph 325. Paragraph 426. Paragraph 5A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanB. Investigating the Effect of ScreeningC. Effects Predicted by Two Differen

41、t ModelsD. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationE. Treatment of CancersF. Factors That Trigger Cancers27. Early discovery of breast cancer may.28. Advantages of screening women under 50 are.29. Delaying the age at which screening starts may30. Radiation exposure should be.A. be costlyB. harm

42、fulC. save a lifeD. still open to debateE. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF. reduced to the minimum第二篇Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been unexplored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hol

43、e Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6, 500 meters (21, 320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible ( 能潜水的 ) or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which bas an amazing

44、 record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4, 500 meters (14, 784 feet). It 's about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say.Alvin was launched ( 发动 ) in 1964. Since then, Alvin has w

45、orked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist ( 地质学者 ) and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime，Alvin hascarried some 12, 000 people on a total of more than 3, 000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal ev

46、en more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier.“We take so much for granted onland, ” Fornari says.“We can walk around and see with oureyes how big things are. We can see colors， specialarrangements. ”Size-wise

47、, the new HOV will be similarto Alvin. It 'llbe about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere ，about 8 feet wide ， like Alvin ，it 'll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable (机 动的). In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities

48、to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), whi

49、le the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It'll reach speeds of 3knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.36. What is Alvin?A. A research institute.B. A transporting vehicle.C. A submersible.D. A scientist.37. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?A

50、. It can carry explorers as deep as 6, 500 meters.B. It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions.C. It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.D. It has been used for more than 40 years.38. “. a world that is still full of mysteries refers toA. the earth.B. out sp

51、ace.C. the ocean.D. Mars.39. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?A. Size.B. Speed.C. Capacity.D. Shape.40. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?A. Offering better views.B. Speed.C. Size.D. Both A and B.第三篇Winged Robot Learns to FlyLearning how to fly took nature millions

52、 of years of trial and errorbut a winged robot has cracked it in only afew hours, using the same evolutionary principles.Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT) in Gothenburg , Sweden, built a winged robot and set about testing whether it could learn to fly by itsel

53、f, without any pre-programmed data on what flapping is or how to do it.To begin with, the robot just twitched and jerked erratically. But, gradually, it made movements that gained height. At first, it cheatedsimply standing on its wingtips was one early short cut. After three hours, however, the rob

54、ot abandoned such methods in favor of a more effective flapping technique where it rotated its wings through 90 degrees and raised them before twisting them back to the horizontal and pushing down.“This tells us that this kind of evolution is capable of coming up with flying motion,” says Peter Bent

55、ley, whoworks on evolutionary computing at University College London. But while the robot had worked out how best to produce lift, it was not about to take off.“There 's only so much thatevolution can do, ” Bentley says. “This thing is never going to fly because the motors will never have the st

56、rength to do it, ” he says.The robot had metre-long wings made from balsa wood and covered with a light plastic film. Small motors on the robot let it move its wings forwards or backwards. up or down or twist them in either direction.The team attached the robot to two vertical rods, so it could slid

57、e up and down. At the start of a test, the robot was suspended by an elastic band. A movement detector measured how much lift, if any, the robot produced for any given movement. A computer program fed the robot random instructions, at the rate of 20 per second, to test its flapping abilities. Each i

58、nstruction told the robot either to do nothing or to move the wings slightly in the various directions.Feedback from the movement detector let the program work out which sets of instructions were best at producing lift. The most successful ones were paired up and“offspringsets of instructions were generated by swapping instructions randomly between successful pairs. These next-generation instructions were then sent to the robot and evaluated before breeding a new generation, and the proc