文化差异与跨文化交际学习教案

1、会计学1文化差异与跨文化交际文化差异与跨文化交际(jioj)第一页，共37页。 Ethnic refers to cultural heritage, and centrism refers to the central starting point or the tendency of people to put their own group at the center. Thus, ethnocentrism basically refers to judging other groups from ones own cultural point of view, or misinter

2、preting other cultures because one uses the concepts of his own culture.Lesson 10 The Green Banana To be continued on the next page.1)Ethnocentrism 2)(种族(zhngz)优越论) 第2页/共37页第二页，共37页。Ethnocentrism can lead to making false assumptions about others ways based on ones own limited experience. The key wor

3、d is assumptions, because we are not even aware that we are being ethnocentric. That is people dont understand that they dont understand. For example, American people often talk about British drivers driving on the wrong side of the road. They dont just say, opposite side or even left hand side. Eve

4、rybody can be ethnocentric, as all of us around the world assume things about other peoples ways.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1) Ethnocentrism 2) (种族(zhngz)优越论) 第3页/共37页第三页，共37页。Ethnocentrism may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or sometimes hostility. Violen

5、ce, discrimination, proselytizing, and verbal aggressiveness are other means whereby ethnocentrism may be expressed.Why are people ethnocentric?It is normal to assume things on the basis of ones own experience, although it is sometimes wrong. Peoples perceptions of colors, time frames, values on ind

6、ustriousness, social roles, and beliefs about Life and the Universe provide important meanings in daily life. Therefore, peoples limited experiences they have already had are the basis for interpreting new experiences, and in the case of others behaviors. Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on

7、 the next page.1) Ethnocentrism 2) (种族(zhngz)优越论) 第4页/共37页第四页，共37页。What is the problem with ethnocentrism? Ethnocentrism leads people to make false assumptions about other peoples. People are ethnocentric when they use their cultural norms as a universal yardstick to make generalizations about other

8、 peoples cultures and customs. People of one culture may falsely distort what is meaningful and functional to other peoples through his own tinted glasses. At the best, people simply continue in his unawareness. You may be well meaning in interethnic relations, but can unintentionally offend others,

9、 generate ill feelings, and even set up situations that harm others. Ethnocentrism is evident in international relations, creating conflicts and inhibiting resolution of conflicts. There are extreme forms of ethnocentrism that pose serious social problems, such as racism, chauvinism, and ethnic clea

10、nsing. These views are generally condemned by the world community, but regular cases can be seen in the news. Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1) Ethnocentrism 2) (种族(zhngz)优越论) 第5页/共37页第五页，共37页。What can we do about ethnocentrism? Addressing ethnocentrism is not a matter of

11、 just trying not to be ethnocentric. Since people will never experience every life situation of everyone around the world, assumptions about life are based on existing limited experience. A more effective way is to catch yourself when you are being ethnocentric and seek to develop better understandi

12、ngs. Once we realize that we are not understanding, we are now in a better position to seek more valid and balanced understandings.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1)Ethnocentrism 2)(种族(zhngz)优越论) 第6页/共37页第六页，共37页。Chauvinism is a word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvi

13、n, a soldier of the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now expresses exaggerated and aggressive nationalism. As a social phenomenon, chauvinism is essentially modern, becoming marked in the era of acute national rivalries and imperialism beginning in the 19th

14、 century. Chauvinism exalts consciousness of nationality, spreads hatred of minorities and other nations, and is associated with militarism, imperialism, and racism. In the 1960s, the term “male chauvinist” appeared in the womens liberation movement; it is applied to males who refuse to regard femal

15、es as equals. Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1) Chauvinism 2) (沙文主义(Shwnzhy)第7页/共37页第七页，共37页。Racism is the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. Sometimes, this term is also used to refer

16、to discrimination or prejudice based on race.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1) Racism2) (种族主义(zhngzzhy) 第8页/共37页第八页，共37页。Ethnocentrism is often linked to a sociological theory called cultural relativism. Cultural relativists assert that concepts are socially constructed a

17、nd vary cross-culturally. These concepts may include such fundamental notions as what is considered true, morally correct, and what constitutes knowledge or even reality itself.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.1) Cultural Relativism2) (文化(wnhu)相对主义)第9页/共37页第九页，共37页。Cultural

18、 Relativism is an attempt to understand the cultural development of societies and social groups on their own terms, that is, without trying to impose absolute ideas of moral value or trying to measure different cultural variations in terms of some form of absolute cultural standard. This may be a po

19、sitive value in terms of interethnic relations. By cultural relativism, all cultures are equally worthy of respect and in studying another culture people need to suspend judgment, empathize and try and understand the way that particular culture sees the world. Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continu

20、ed on the next page. Cultural Relativism第10页/共37页第十页，共37页。In this sense, under specific circumstances, any form of human behavior can appear to be good or bad. People should suspend judgment, investigate, and try to be culturally relative in order to reach a thoughtful personal judgment. Cultural Re

21、lativism is a good approach to dismantle ethnocentrism, chauvinism and racism. Lesson 10 The Green BananaThe end of Ethnocentrism. Cultural Relativism第11页/共37页第十一页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaThe world of today is drastically different from that of twenty, or even five years ago. The influence of

22、 economic globalization, the technological development and the cultural exchanges sets the scene. This development demands a completely new approach to any type of international relations. No matter who you are or where you live, no matter what nation or culture you come from, you will need to recog

23、nize one very important truth when you communicate with people in other countries. Other people may dress like you, speak the same language, but are not just like you. To be continued on the next page.第12页/共37页第十二页，共37页。You may communicate with people that have very different histories, languages, a

24、nd ways of doing and thinking. They may have a different sense of time, and a different sense of humor. They may have different ways of expressing feelings, and different perceptions of many things in the world. In a word, they have different cultures. Lesson 10 The Green BananaPlease think about yo

25、ur own relevant experience.To be continued on the next page.第13页/共37页第十三页，共37页。Social issues form the backbone of any culture. People in different countries conduct their lives in different ways. It is far better to know the rules than to risk offending anyone. For example, people should know someth

26、ing about the country they are visitingits history, its people, its heritage. The preparation helps people make conversation and learn more from the experience. In addition, it is a sign of respect for those you are meeting. Inter-cultural understanding does not come overnight. It will only come wit

27、h preparation, effort, and an open mind.Lesson 10 The Green BananaTo be continued on the next page.Please think about your own relevant experience.第14页/共37页第十四页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of World ChinaTo be continued on the next page.第15页/共37页第十五页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPic

28、ture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.Britain第16页/共37页第十六页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.Egypt第17页/共37页第十七页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.Greece第18页/共37页第十八页，共37页。Lesson 10 The

29、Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.Italy第19页/共37页第十九页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.Morocco第20页/共37页第二十页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page. Nigeria第21页/共37页第二十一页，共

30、37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.BTLEWParis第22页/共37页第二十二页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.Russia第23页/共37页第二十三页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.

31、South Africa第24页/共37页第二十四页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page. Switzerland第25页/共37页第二十五页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of WorldTo be continued on the next page.Australia第26页/共37页第二十六页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaPicture tour of World

32、The end of the Inter-cultural understanding. Greenland第27页/共37页第二十七页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaClick the picture for more information.第28页/共37页第二十八页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green Banana_To be continued on the next page.The term, culture shock, was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe th

33、e anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The feeling of culture shock generally sets in afte

34、r the first few weeks of coming to a new place. 第29页/共37页第二十九页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green Banana_To be continued on the next page.We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin. Oft

35、en, the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the new place. Everything is different, for example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use banking machines, not knowing how to use the telephone and so forth. 第30页/共37页第三十页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green Banana_The

36、 end of Cultural Shock. The symptoms of cultural shock can appear at different times. Although one can experience real pain from culture shock, it is also an opportunity for redefining ones life objectives. It is a great opportunity for learning and acquiring new perspectives. Culture shock can make

37、 one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal creativity. 第31页/共37页第三十一页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green BananaClick the picture for more information.To be continued on the next page.第32页/共37页第三十二页，共37页。Lesson 10 The Green Banana_To be continued on the next page.This allusion is from Old TestamentGenesis 11, indicating a sheer illusion.The whole world had one language and a common sp