新人教必修四-Unit3-A-taste-of-English-humour-Grammar

1、GrammarRevision-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 3. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。对他说话等于对牛弹琴。吸烟会致癌。吸烟会致癌。我建议结束会议。我建议结束会议。4. He admitted taking the money. 5. I couldnt

2、help laughing.6. Your coat needs brushing. 他承认钱是他拿的。他承认钱是他拿的。 我禁不住笑了起来。我禁不住笑了起来。你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。-ing 形式作定语形式作定语, 宾语补足语宾语补足语,表语和状表语和状语的用法语的用法一、一、-ing形式作定语形式作定语 1.多位于被修饰词前多位于被修饰词前表表示其示其性能性能,用途用途(无时间性无时间性)drinking water= water for drinking 饮用水饮用水a walking stick= a stick for walking 手杖手杖a writing de

3、sk= a desk for writing 写字台写字台他有一个阅览室。他有一个阅览室。He has a reading room. = a room for reading 阅览室阅览室2. 表表示被修饰者的示被修饰者的动作或状态动作或状态,单个动词的单个动词的-ing位于被修饰名词的前面位于被修饰名词的前面,短语短语-ing形式作定语时形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后放在所修饰的名词之后,都都可换为定语从句。可换为定语从句。 tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result th

4、at is surprising 一个惊人的结果一个惊人的结果收集花的那个女孩是漂亮的。收集花的那个女孩是漂亮的。现在讨论的那个问题是重要的现在讨论的那个问题是重要的The girl gathering flowers is beautiful. The question being discussed now is important. They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing

5、 there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined.= Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款 3. -ing形式短语也可以形式短语也可以用作非限制定语用作非限制定语，相当，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它

6、与句子于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分其他部分用逗号分开用逗号分开。如：。如： His brother, working as a teacher, livesin Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 二、二、-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面放在宾语后面，表表示一个正在示一个正在进行进行的的主动主动性的动作，强调一个过性的动作，强调一个过程

7、或一种状态。如：程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。发现一个陌生人站在大门口。我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。我发现地板上放着一个包。我发现地板上放着一个包。那老板让工人整夜地工作。那老板让工人整夜地工作。We found the snake eating the eggs. I found a bag lying on the ground. The boss kept the w

8、orkers working the whole night. 2. 能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词表示感觉和心理状态的动词,常见的有常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, catch (碰巧撞到碰巧撞到), look at, listen to等。如：等。如：I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.Can you smell anything burning?Listen to the birds singing.

9、 I didnt notice him waiting. He was caught cheating in the exams. I wont have you doing that. I cant get the clock going again.对不起让你久等了对不起让你久等了2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, keep, get, leave, set等。如：等。如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词等动词之后用之后用-ing形式形式表示动作正在进行表示动

10、作正在进行，用动词原形表示用动词原形表示（或强调）（或强调）动作从开始到结束的动作从开始到结束的全过程全过程。如。如: We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 (只在走过教室的刹那间只在走过教室的刹那间,看见老师正在做实验看见老师正在做实验) We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （

11、一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） 三、三、-ing形式作表语形式作表语1.表示抽象的、一般性的经常性的行为。（说明主语具表示抽象的、一般性的经常性的行为。（说明主语具体内容，主表可换位）体内容，主表可换位） His hobby is collecting stamps Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。2.表表“令人如何如何令人如何如何”（表主语所具有的特征），（表主语所具有的特征

12、）， 如：如： astonishing exciting moving surprising tiring interesting amusing shocking worrying His report is interesting. The music sounds exciting. Exercises Point out the usage of the ing form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner,

13、or falling down a hole in the road? 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介词作介词for的的_ including作作_宾语宾语状语状语 3. But he was loved by all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when peo

14、ple were unkind to him. overcoming作作_介词宾语介词宾语 4. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作作_ 5. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. using 作作_定语定语介词宾语介词宾语 6. Their job is “panning for gold”. panning 作作_ 7. Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of

15、 the shoe. cutting, eating 作作_表语表语宾语宾语 Explain the following phrases in simple English.a sleeping baga sleeping boy a drinking cup a drinking horse A bag for sleepingA boy that is sleepingA cup fordrinkingA horse that is drinkinga dancing halla dancing girl a cooking pot a moving storyA hall for dan

16、cingA girl that is dancingA pot for cooking A story that is movingastonish, depress， play, do, ride, amuse, bark, welcome Choose the suitable words from the box below and fill in the blanks in the correct form. 1. I cant imagine Billy _ a motorbike. riding 2. Did you hear the dog downstairs _ for mo

17、st of the night? 3. Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. He can be very _. 4. You cant stop me _ what I want. 5. He gave me a _ hug when he met me at the airport. barkingamusingdoingwelcoming 6. Jim has really learnt very fast. She has made _ progress. 7. Its been raining all day. This weather

18、 is _. 8. When I came out of the theatre, I noticed a group of children _ musical instruments across the street. astonishingdepressingplaying Please read the sentences carefully, trying to pick out the errors and then correct them. 1. I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerla

19、nd next week. visiting 2. Many people still enjoy see Charlie Chaplins silent films. 3. That cartoon picture shows Charlie Chaplin watch himself acting in a movie. 4. Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting into laughter. seeingwatchingburst 5. We are all fond of Charlies early films, w

20、hich we think are more interested. 6. I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day. 7. I wouldnt mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight. interestingseeingseeing 8. Charlies job was entertain people, wasnt he? entertaining四、四、-ing形式作状语形式作状语 1.Using your head, youll fi

21、nd a good way. 2.Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way.3. Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. 4.Working hard, youll surely succeed. 5.The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch.6.He came runnin

22、g back to tell me the news. 条件条件(伴随动作伴随动作)(原因原因)条件条件伴随伴随方式方式7. (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened. 8. The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果结果(时间时间, 可以在可以在-ing前保留前保留when) 有时也可用有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词名词（代词宾格）宾格）+-ing形式形

23、式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。他点着灯睡着了。小结：小结：1.-ing形式作状语可以表示时间形式作状语可以表示时间, 原因原因, 结果结果, 条件条件, 方式或伴随动作等方式或伴随动作等,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。语是一致的。2.若若-ing动作和谓语动作同时发生，用一般式动作和谓语动作同时发生，用一般式（doing）；若）；若-ing动作发生在谓语动作之前，动作发生在谓语动作之前，用完成式（用完成式（having done）。）。3.方式或伴随状语可换为并列句，其它可换位相方式或伴随状

24、语可换为并列句，其它可换位相应的状语从句。应的状语从句。4.with (without)+名词名词(代词宾格代词宾格)+-ing表伴随表伴随5.独立成分作状语独立成分作状语 Generally speaking 一般来说一般来说 Judging from/by 根据根据来判断来判断用动词的用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。形式改写下列句子。1. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one. The picture _ on the wall is a world-famous one.2. Because he hadnt

25、received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. _ _ _ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.hangingNot having received3. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. _ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.4. Because it is Sunday, there are no s

26、tudents in the school. It _ _, there are no students in the school. Seeing being Sunday5. He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother. He hunted all the shops, _ _ a nice present for his mother.looking for 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The

27、men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6

28、. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking 从从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D.

29、 to run 2. Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait3. The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile 4. A phone call set him _ to the hospital. A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurryD. hurried5. Do you k

30、now the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 6. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairin

31、g D. needing to be repaired 8. The drunken husband knocked against the table and set the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife. A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep 9. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the doo

32、r _. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting 10. As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired 11. The woman found it no good _ her daug

33、hter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave12. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain 13. Johns bad habit is _ without through understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading14. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南湖南2007) A. movedB