高考化学备考：非金属单质化学方程式

1、.2019年高考化学备考：非金属单质化学方程式1、氧化性：F2+H2=2HF=阴暗处爆炸F2+Xe过量=XeF22F2过量+Xe=XeF4=XeF4是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4nF2+2M=2MFnM表示大部分金属2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2=水是复原剂2F2+2NaOH=2NaF+OF2+H2OF2+2NaCl=2NaF+Cl2F2+2NaBr=2NaF+Br2F2+2NaI=2NaF+I27F2过量+I2=2IF7F2+Cl2等体积=2ClF=ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O=HF+HClO=3F2过量+Cl2=2ClF3=ClF3+3H2O=3HF+HClO3=Cl2+H2=

2、2HCl=将H2在Cl2点燃;混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸3Cl2+2P=2PCl3=Cl2+PCl3=PCl5=Cl2+2Na=2NaCl3Cl2+2Fe=2FeCl3=Cl2+Cu=CuCl2Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3=在水溶液中：Cl2+2Fe2+=2Fe3+3Cl=Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2=Cl2+2Br=2Cl=+Br2Cl2+2KI=2KCl+I2=Cl2+2I=2Cl=+I23Cl2过量+2KI+3H2O=6HCl+KIO33Cl2+I+3H2O=6H+6Cl+IO35Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HCl5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl+IO3+

3、12H+Cl2+Na2S=2NaCl+S=Cl2+S2=2Cl+SCl2+H2S=2HCl+S=水溶液中：Cl2+H2S=2H+2Cl+SCl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HClCl2+SO2+2H2O=4H+SO42+2ClCl2+H2O2=2HCl+O2=Cl2+H2O2=2H+Cl+O22O2+3Fe=Fe3O4=O2+K=KO2S+H2=H2S=2S+C=CS2=S+Zn=ZnSS+Fe=FeS=既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取S+2Cu=Cu2S=只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取3S+2Al=Al2S3=只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取N2+3H2=2NH3=N2+3Mg=Mg3N2

4、=N2+3Ca=Ca3N2N2+3Ba=Ba3N2=N2+6Na=2Na3N=N2+6K=2K3NN2+6Rb=2Rb3N=N2+2Al=2AlNP4+6H2=4PH3=P+3Na=Na3P=2P+3Zn=Zn3P2H2+2Li=2LiH2、复原性S+O2=SO2S+H2SO4浓=3SO2+2H2OS+6HNO3浓=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2OS+4H+6NO3-=6NO2+2H2O+H2SO43S+4HNO3稀=3SO2+4NO+2H2O3S+4H+4=3SO2+4NO+2H2ON2+O2=2NO4P+5O2=P4O10常写成P2O52P+3X2=2PX3X表示F2，Cl2，Br2PX3+

5、X2=PX5P4+20HNO3浓=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OC+2F2=CF4C+2Cl2=CCl4C+O2足量=CO22C+O2少量=2COC+CO2=2COC+H2O=CO+H2生成水煤气2C+SiO2=Si+2CO制得粗硅Si粗+2Cl2=SiCl4SiCl4+2H2=Si纯+4HClSi粉+O2=SiO2Si+C=SiC金刚砂Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2=Si+2OH=+H2O=+2H23、歧化反响Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO加碱或光照促进歧化：=Cl2+H2O=H+Cl+HClOCl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O=Cl2+2OH=Cl+ClO+H2OCl2+2CaOH2=CaCl2+CaClO2+2H2O=Cl2+2OH=Cl+ClO+H2O3Cl2+6KOH浓=5KCl+KClO3+3H2O=3Cl2+6OH=5Cl+ClO3+3H2O3S+6NaOH=2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O=3S+6OH=2S2+SO32+3H2O4P+3KOH浓+3H2O=PH3+3KH2PO2=4P+3OH+3H