一般现在时地用法65220

1、一般现在时的用法1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系 动词、助动词之后。例如：He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。2）表示现在的状态。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy.我父亲在工作，他很忙。The boy is twelve.这男孩十二岁

2、。3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others .我妹妹总是乐于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。4）表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的

3、动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消If you take the job , they will

4、 talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。巩固练习:1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends.（改写成否定句 ）2、Aunt Li ' s son has ten toy bears.（对划线部分提问）3、His watch costs 300 yuan.（变成一般疑问句并否定回答）4、I like being a nurse for the old.（变成一般疑问句）5、张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。6、我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。7、我爷爷常常晚饭后出去散步。英语的动词时

5、态这一语法现象与我们母语的语法差别较大，学起来也较乏味。如何教学这些语法，从而使学生更好、更有效地掌握它们，是经常困扰教师的问题。笔者在教学实践中进行了努力的尝试和探索，并依据信息加工的学习理论，总结出较为行之有效的“三元”教学 法：从“标志”信息输入着眼，经过“概念”思维加工，达成“结构”形式输出，从而使师 生摆脱枯燥的时态教学，掌握动词时态的规律，形成有效的语法教学策略。一、从“概念.结构.标志”三个方面把握动词时态“概念.结构.标志”三个方面是学习一种时态所必须把握的，三者相互联系，相互制约， 共同表述一个完整的时态含义。“概念”清楚地说明了一种时态的用法。对于概念的把握一定要全面、准确

6、，表述严密，如对于一般现在时的用法，不能只表述为“表示经常性或习？下面列举两种时态进行说明。(一)一般现在时1 .概念：一般现在时的基本用法有四种。(1)表示现在的状况，如 Mr. Green has twochildren. (2) 表示主语所具备的性格或能力，如 Ann enjoys listening to the radio. MissWhite speaks Chinese very well. (3) 表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的动作或状态，如 I usually rest on Sundays. Mr. Brown always gets up early. LiLei goe

7、s to see UncleWang once a month. (4)表示客观事实和普遍真理，如 It never snows in Australia in December. Light travels faster than sound.2 .结构：一般现在时的结构在一般情况下用动词原形，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语 动词也要相应变成单数形式，其否定式、疑问式要加助动词do或does。例如：Miss Gaoteaches us English. Does your mother work in a factory?3 .标志：一般现在时常与下列表示频率的副词或短语连用：always,

8、usually, often,sometimes, seldom, never, twice a week, on Sundays等。一、一般现在时1 .概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2 .时间状语：Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year,month )，once a week(day, year, month)， on Sundays,3 .基本结构：动词 原形(如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)4 .否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+ 其他；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动

9、词， 则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't ,同时还原行为动词。5 .一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称 单数，则用does ,同时，还原行为动词。6 .例句：.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words.编辑本段二、一般过去时1 .概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行 为。2 .时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yester

10、day, last week, last(year, night, month)，in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, longlong ago, once upon a time, etc.3 .基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式4 .否定形式：主语+was/were +not+ 其他;在行为动词前加didn't ,同时还原 行为动词。5 .一股疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同 时还原行为动词。6 .例句：She often came to help us in those days.I di

11、dn't know you were so busy.编辑本段三、现在进行时1 .概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2 .时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen3 .基本结构：主语+be +doing + 其他4 .否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+ 其他5 .一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6 .例句： How are you feeling today?He is doing well in his lessons.编辑本段四、过去进行时1 .概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

12、2 .时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动 词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3 .基本结构 主语+was/were +doing + 其他4 .否定形式：主语 +was/were + not +doing+ 其他5 .一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写）6 .例句： At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.编辑本段五、现在完成时1 .概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造

13、成的影响或结果，或从过去已经 开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2 .时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3 .基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他4 .否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他5 .一股疑问句：have或has。6 .例句：I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot

14、 in the past few years.编辑本段六、过去完成时1 .概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动 作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2 .时间状语： Before, by the end of last year （term, month）,etc.3 .基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他4 .否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他5 .一般疑问句：had放于句首。6.例句： As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of

15、 last month. We had reviewed four books基本结构：主语+had+p.p （过去分词）+其他肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+其他否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p （过去分词）+其他一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p （过去分词）+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句编辑本段七、一般将来时1 .概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2 .时间状语： Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a fewminutes, by ,the day after tomorr

16、ow, etc.3 .基本结构:主语 +am/is/are +going to + do+ 其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他4 .否定形式：主语 +am/is/are not going to do ;主语 +will/shall not do+ 其他5 .一股疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6 .例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.编辑本段八、过去将来时1 .概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2 .时间状语： T

17、he next day (morning, year),the followingmonth(week ),etc.3 .基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+ 其他；主语+would/should + do+其他4 .否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.5 .一股疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。6 .例句： He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going

18、there .编辑本段九、将来完成时1 .概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态2 .时间状语：by the time of; by the end of+ 时间短语（将来）;by the time+ 从句（将来）3 .基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（过去分词）+其他4 例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.编辑本段十、现在完成进行时1 .概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚 开始，也可能仍在继

19、续，并可能延续到将来。2 .基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+ 其他3 .时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。4 .例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.编辑本段十一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用， 瞬间动词却不能。 但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ ago ”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语， 与一段时

20、间连用； 瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间+ since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自 从 以来有 时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动 词用于 “ Some time has passed since +一般过去时” 的句型中。请看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he

21、 joined the League.编辑本段十二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态"，如at work （在工作）at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.编辑本段十三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum!意为

22、“我就来，妈妈！请看：The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.（二）现在完成时1 .概念：基本用法有两种。（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（2）表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。2 .结构：助动词 have（has） +动词的过去分词。3 .标志：用法（1）常与下列词语连用：already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently等；用法（2）常与"since +时间点”或“ for +时间段”所构成的表示一段时间的状语连用，

23、 也可与包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 this morning, these days 等。其他几种时态不再一一列举。在平时的教学中，只要我们从上述三个方面去把握动词时态，学生就会逐渐发现其规律，做到有章可循，主动地学习，从而变以教师为主体的讲语法 为以学生为主体的学语法，收到事半功倍的效果。二、要善于进行各种时态的用法比较学习了几种时态以后，就容易出现混淆、 错用的情况，这就要求我们要不断地将一些时态加以比较，以便能够更好地把握其本质。其实，动词时态的比较也是以“概念.结构 标志”三元为依据比较的。试看下面几种时态的比较。（一）一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较1 .一般过去时

24、只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用；而现在完成时既涉及过去又联系现在，但它强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。试比较：I have posted the letter （说明现在信不在这里）。I posted the letter yesterday（只说明昨天寄信这一事实）。2 .有些时间状语（标志），如this morning, tonight 等，既可用于一般过去时，也可用 于现在完成时，但所表示的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时的表示“现在”在内，而用于一 般过去时则与“现在”无关。例如： I have read t

25、he book this May（讲话时仍是五月）。I read the book this May （讲话时五月已过）。（二）一般过去时与过去完成时的用法比较1 .一般过去时表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，其标志是“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在过去另一动作之前时，常用此时态。例如： The film had already begun when I reached the theatre.2 .一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用，但侧重点有所不同。 试比较： They had done th

26、e work at five o ' clock. They did the work at five o ' clock.第一句说明工作在五点钟已完成，并未说明是什么时候完成的；第二句说明工作是在五点钟做的。3 .在带有before或after引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于主、从句动作发生的 先后顺序已非常明确，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时，如 The train had left beforeI got to the station. 也可以说： The train left before I got to the station.其他时态的比较，如一般现在时与现在

27、进行时，一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较不再列举。时态的混合使用是以掌握好每一种时态的用法以及各时态的比较用法为基础的，在中学阶段使用较少，在此不做详谈。三、注意时态与时间不一致的特殊情况如前所述，判断时态要从“标志”（时间状语）着眼，这是一般规律。但有些情况下，时态与时间（标志）并不一致，在教学中应引起足够的重视，做到灵活使用，可视之为“特 殊标志”。1 .一些表示来往动作的动词（动向动词）常用进行时表示将来时，常见的这类动词有 arrive, come, go, leave, set off, start 等、例如： The Browns are leaving for Paris nex

28、t month.2 .一般现在时有时可以表示预定的近期将发生的动作或状态，也可用来表示说话时正在进行的动作。 例如：Are you free tomorrow? The train starts at 7:50 in the evening.Here comes the bus! There goes the bell!3 .一般过去时可以表示目前非真实的情况或不能实现的愿望（即虚拟语气）。例如：I wishI could fly to the moon by spaceship. It ' s high time you went home. If I were you, I wou

29、ld go with him.4 .在含有状语从句的复合句中，当主句是将来时态或是祈使句时，状语从句应用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：I will go to town if it doesn ' t rain tomorrow. He said he would come to see us if he had time. Pleasetell him about it as soon as he comes back. Are you going to play with us when you have finished your hom

30、ework?5.在含有宾语从句的复合句中，主从句动词时态有如下不一致情况。(1)当宾语从句表示科学真理、客观事实、格言或其他不受时间影响、限制的客观存在的事物时， 如:Long ago people didn ' t know that the earth moves round the sun. She told hers on that practice makes perfect.(2)当宾语从句用来解释、表达科技内容时，如：The teacher told us that theattraction of the earth for all bodies is called g

31、ravity.(3)当宾语从句表示一种反复出现或目前习惯性动作时，如：He said he does morningexercises everyday.(4)当宾语从句中谓语动词的动作在转述时仍在继续，或表示现在时刻仍存在的状态时，如：LiLei said his father is attending a meeting in Shanghai. She told me the other day that she is only seventeen.6.其他从句，如比较状语从句、定语从句等不受主句时态的影响，应根据实际需要，选择适当的时态。 例如： It was colder yeste

32、rday than it is today. Last night I read the book which you are reading now.对于这些特殊情况，在平时的教学中，应特别注意。 其实，我们也可以把上述情况视为一种特殊的“标志”，进而判断相应的时态形式。初中英语动词时态专项训练一、用所给词的适当形式填空：1 . He swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)2.It you are right. ( seem )3 .Look, the children basketball on the playground. ( p

33、lay )4 .He to the radio when I came in, ( listen )5.It is very cold .I think it. ( rain )6. 一 I need some paper . I some for you . ( bring )7.I can ' t find my pen . Whoit? ( take )8.He said that he back in five minutes . ( come )1 .I didn ' t meet him. He when I got there. ( leave )10.I my

34、bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )11 .He down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )12 .He is not here. He to the post office. (go)13 .He is very hungry. He anything for three days. ( not eat )14.I with you if I have time . ( go )15.We will go to the cinema if it tomorrow . (rain )1 6.I w

35、ill tell her the news when she to see me next week. (come)17 .“ When you the car ? "" In 1998 . ” ( buy )18 .We good friends since we met at school .(be )19 .What you at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)20 .The bike is nice . How much it? (cost)、选择最佳答案填空(1 1.We ' ll go swimming if the we

36、atherfine tomorrow.A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be()2.Itfive years since he has left for Beijing.A. was B. have been C.is D.is going to be()3.Please don ' t leave the office until your friendback.A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come()4.By the end of last year heabout 1500 English words

37、.A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned()5.Listen ! Someonein the next room .A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried()6.You must tell him the news as soon as youhim.A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing()7.He told me that heto see us the next day.A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come()

38、8.We can ' t find him anywhere . Perhaps hehome.A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come()9.The teacher told us that the sunbigger than the earth.A. is B. was C. has been D.will be()10.Could you tell me where the railway station?A. was B. is C. will be D. would be()11.Weto the Great Wall se

39、veral times.A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been(1 12.It seemed that the old manfor something over there.A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked()13.He was sure that hehis wallet in the office .A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left(1 14.You must study hard if you want to fai

40、l the exam.A. won ' t B. don ' t C. haven ' t D. hadn ' t()15. I' m afraid you can ' t sit here . Sorry , Iknow.A. don ' t B. won ' t C. can ' t D. didn ' t()16. As shethe newspaper , Grannyasleep.A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D.re

41、ad , fell()17. - my glasses ?Yes , I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen()18. Jim is not coming tonight . But heA. promises (许诺) B. promised C. will promise D. had promised()19. What ' s her name? I.A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotte

42、n D. am forgetting()20.Youyour rurn so you ' ll have to wait.A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed三、动词时态能力综合测试(1 1.He oftenhis clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash()2.I' m Chinese. Wherefrom?A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you c

43、oming()3.Mayto school.A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking()4.We will start as soon as our teacher .A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming()5.How long agoplaying football?A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop()6.It hard when I left

44、my house .A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain()7.I think this questionto answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy()8. Don ' t talk so loudly . Your fatherA. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept()9.How many people does the doctor know whoof the disease (疾病)?A. are

45、dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies()10.Imy homework now.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished(1 11.Itten years since his father died.A. is B. was C. had been D. will be(1 12.Hefor three years.A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army(1 13.His grandfat

46、herfor thirty years.A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died(1 14.I from my brother for a long time.A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear()15.Maths , one of the most important subjectsalways interested him.A. has B. have C. are D. is(1 16. Did your brother go t

47、o America last year?A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone hereC. No , he never was there D. No , he ' s never been there(1 17.He that factory since 1958.A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to(1 18.Since ten years ago great changesin China.A. happened B. ha

48、ve been happened C. have happened D. are taken place(1 19.Our teacherto Beijing three times.A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been()20.It' s the third time you late this week.A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive()21. the film since I came here.A. I ' ve seen B. I will see

49、 C. I would see D. I see()22.Last week Johnhis leg.A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken()23.Jackhis thick coat because it was snowing.A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on()24.Hethe picture on the wall.A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged()25.N

50、ext monthtwenty five.A. has my sister B. my sister will beC. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be(2 26.Youher again in a few weeks.A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen()27.My parentsme to be a doctor.A. hoped B. wanted C. decided D. withes()28.Ithard when we left.A. is

51、raining B. has rained C. rained D. was raining()29. By the end of last term weEnglish for two years.A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied()30.She said that she there for five years .A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked(3 31.Mrs Brownin New York for thre

52、e years before she went to London.A. lived B. had lived C. has lived D. will live()32.When we arrived , the dinner.A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun()33.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I my exams.A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished()

53、34.When, I ' ll talk to him.A. does Peter come B. Peter will come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come()35.My sisterto see me . She ' ll be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came()36.They said theyour answer the next day .A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear(3 37

54、.The old man said that lightfaster than sound.A. went B. will go C. travels D. will travel()38.Oh, dear Xiao Hong . I you in Sheyang.A. don ' t know , are B. didn ' t know , wereC. didn ' t know , are D. don ' t know , have been()39. Is John going away?- I think so . He for a better

55、job, but he didn' t get it.A. had hoped B. was hoped C. hoping D. had hope()40.I am sure he ' ll come to see me before heBeijing.A. leave B. left C. will leave D. leaves()41. Well , here I am at last. - Good ! Iworried .A. was ,that you wouldn ' t be back on time B. is , that you would b

56、e back on timeC. is , so you ' d be back on time D. was , whether( 是否)you wouldn ' t be back on time一般疑问句和特殊疑问句1、 一般疑问句的定义：对于只用 Yes或No来回答的疑问句我们叫一般疑问句2、特殊疑问句的定义：对句子当中某一部分内容的提问我们要用特殊疑问句，比如问时间用When 或者 what time 问地点用 where.这里我们主要学习特殊疑问句的用法.3、特殊问句的用法：特殊问句是由 疑问词+ 一般疑问句组成，那么在我们使用特殊问句时， 要先选好疑问词，特殊疑问词有很多，需要长期积累。例如：I want to go to sleep now. 如果对go to sleep 提问，那么我们应该问你想要做什么，首先应选择疑问词what,再将剩下的句子变为一般问句即可.What do you want to do ?一、选择正确的单词填空(who, where, when)1.is that pretty girl? She is my sister. 2.are Jack and Tom? They are behind you.3.do you go to school? I go to