动词不定式句法作用

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词 之之课件设计：课件制作：总体计划：主语主语 A. It is(was) + adj.(n.) + to do sth B. It + vt. + n.(pron.) + to do sth Its often difficult for me to decide what to do . It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 表语表语 A. 表示预定要发生的动作或未来的可能性或假设 B. 说明主语的内容 C. 用于正式的指示或命令 He is to return from Paris tomorrow. My

2、job is to wash plates. Three tablets are to be taken twice a day. 宾语宾语 A. 接动词不定式做宾语(afford, agree, decide, expect, happen, hope, wish, refuse, etc.) They expected to see the boss soon. B. Subj. + vt. + it + adj.(n.) to do sth. Do you consider it better not to go ?宾语补足语宾语补足语 基本结构： Subj. + vt. + sb. +

3、 to do sth. (allow, ask, order, want, expect, force, etc) They expected the girl to succeed in the examination.状语状语 表示目的、结果和原因等 We live to serve the people. Lets hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. What have I said to make you so excited ? We jumped with joy to hear the news. 定语定语(1) A. 动宾关系

4、(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻 辑上的宾语) Do you have anything more to say? (n. + to do.) There is nothing to worry about. (n. + to vi + prep.) Lets find a room to put the bike in. (n. + to vt+ n. +p.) We havent a chair to be seated in. (n.+ to be v-ed +p.) I have a letter to write. I have a pen to write with. I have

5、no ink to write in. I have no paper to write on.（注意观察和思考）（注意观察和思考）定语定语(2) B. 主谓关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式逻 辑上的主语) He isnt a man to bow before difficulties. She was the first person to think of the idea. C.纯粹定语 (被修饰词通常是time, way等） Its time to go home. Is that the best way to solve the problem? 当动词不定式重复前面的某个动词时，可

6、以使用to代替，而省略该动词。 I went there because I wanted to (go). I dont dance much now, but I used to (dance) a lot. Anyone who wants to (go for a walk) can go for a walk round Aswan. 感觉动词、使役动词后面的 to 常省略，但是被动语态中的 to 不能省略 两个动词不定式由 and、or、but、 than、except 等连接在一起时，第二个不定式常常省略 to Id like to lie down and go to slee

7、p. Ill do anything but work on a farm. Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later? Its easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 口语中，在come、go、run、hurry up等动词后，可用and代替表示目的的动词不定式 Come and have a drink. Would you go and tell them to shut up? had better (not ) do sth. would rather do sth (th

8、an do sth) Hed rather watch TV than go to see a film. prefer to do sth rather than do sth Rather than wait, he prefers to go home on foot. Why (not) do sth? for sb to do sth Its a mistake for us not to help them. The coffee was too hot for me to drink. Its + adj. + of sb to do sth (kind, nice, brave

9、, stupid, clever, etc.) Its kind of you to think so much of me. be + v-ed + to do sth I was very pleased to see you yesterday. subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.) (不定式逻辑上的宾语是句子主语) The question is easy to answer. Shes nice to talk to. Its not a bad place to live in. adj. + enough (for sb) to do sth He is

10、nt old enough to go to school. too (for sb) to do sth The apple is too high for us to pick. NOTICE: Im too glad to see you. Hes too ready to help you. 动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生或不定式后发生，动词不定式用一般时态。 They invited us to go there next week. 动词不定式先于谓语动作发生，动词不定式用完成时态。 Hes said to have written a new novel. Im sorry not

11、 to have come on Wednesday. 谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行，动词不定式用进行式。 Theyre said to be building a bridge. We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here. 含被动的一般情况 She ought to be told about it. Nothing seems to have been forgotten. This form is to be filled in in ink. there be后可用主动的或被动的动词不定式 Theres a lot of work

12、 to do (to be done). to be seen, to be found等常用在 be 之后 He was nowhere to be seen ( found). to blame常用于表示被动的意思“受责怪” Nobody was to blame for the accident.END非谓语动词非谓语动词 之之分分 词词 现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作； 过去分词表示被动的、已经完成的动作。 单个分词放在所修饰词之前，分词短语放在所修饰词之后 The broken glass is mine. He fired at the running wolf. Whats

13、the language spoken in Germany? The man speaking German is hi s father.NOTICE: This is the only place left. Most of the people singing / questioned were students. 现在分词一般式被动态与过去分词的异同 A. 都表示被动； B. 时间不一致 The house being built will be a theatre. The house built with wood is a theatre. 含分词的复合词作定语 man-mad

14、e fibers (人造纤维); a fox-hunting man; well-known scientists; English-speaking countries 情感类分词作定语 He spoke in a frightened / frightening voice. 他用（自己）害怕的 / 令人害怕的声音说。 分词可以表示主语所处的状态 The cup is broken. The door remained locked. 情感类分词作表语： 现在分词：“令人”,“让别人” 过去分词：“自己受” We were deeply encouraged. If a story is

15、exciting, you are excited when you read it. His disappointed words proved that you were disappointing. 分词或分词短语可以用在表示感觉的动词 (see, hear, feel, etc.) 以及其它某些动词 (find, get, have, etc.) 的宾语后面作宾语补足语，此时要注意宾语和宾补之间的关系是主动的还是被动的。 I saw two men planting trees. I found trees planted in lines. The maps stolen by th

16、e captain were found hidden in a book. 可以表时间、方式、伴随、原因和条件等；分词逻辑主语应该是句子主语；主动意思用现在分词，被动意思用过去分词 She sat at the window reading a novel. Caught in the rain, he was wet. Given more time, Ill work it out. 注意个别表达方式 Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. Judging from his expression, hes very angry

17、. 连词 + 分词 Once talked to, you may pretend to be writing. Once talking to him, youll know he is a good man. 现在分词的完成式一般用在状语中，表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前，现在分词完成时不能作定语（此时要用定语从句） Not having found the book, he was very sorry. Having been given such a good chance, I must finish the book. 作宾语的差异 cross (已经发生) I saw him t

18、he street. crossing (正在发生) 作定语的差异 now is mine. The house (build) last month is theirs. next month is ours. (being built; built; to be built) 分词作状语，其逻辑主语应该是句子主语；否则，分词前面要加n. / pron. 构成独立主格结构；n. / pron. 前面再加上with就是 with结构 The guide leading the way, we set off on foot. He stood there with his hands tied

19、 to the fence.END非谓语动词非谓语动词 之之动动 名名 词词 下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语： advise, avoid, admit, cant help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, mind, miss, practise, suggest, escape, appreciate, imagine, excuse, celebrate, etc. Imagine not knowing the answer to such an easy question. Im considering accepting your proposal.

20、 下列含介词 to 的短语动词后接 v.-ing: look forward to, be used to, refer to, lead to, stick to, pay attention to, devote to, prefer doing to, object to, etc. I look forward to seeing you very much. 在as well as, any /some / no use (good), like, than等词后可接v.-ing: Why not do something useful, like cleaning the flat

21、? As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. 通常由物主代词或名词所有格+v.-ing构成，在口语中有时也用宾格代词或名词 + v.-ing构成，但作主语时，不能用后者。 I hope you dont mind my telling you all this. The storm delayed the ships leaving the harbor. 下列动词后接主动的动名词但是表达被动 意义： need, want, require, be worth The bike needs (wants, requires) repairing

22、. (to be repaired) The film is well worth seeing. 动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，动名词用完成时；根据情况用被动形式： Everyone dislikes being laughed at. You mentioned having been in hospital last year. He said he didnt mind having been left at home.forget (remember) Ill never forget seeing the play in Paris. Dont forget to call me

23、 when you get home.stop He stopped to look at the map. Why did you stop working?regret I regret to say that I cannot help you. I dont regret telling him what I thought.go on He went on working without taking a rest After reading the text, he went on to write. mean I mean to leave tomorrow. I wont wa

24、it if it means delaying two weeks. like (love, hate, dislike) I like swimming but I dont like to swim in the swimming-pool. try Try and (to) challenge the champion. I tried sending her flowers but it didnt have any effect. begin (start) (通常接不定式和动名词一样，但是下列情况用to do) It began to rain. (自然现象） She began

25、to understand what he really wanted. （心理情况） She was beginning to get away. （begin用进行时） be afraid Im afraid to tell her . (怕而不敢) Im afraid of telling her. (怕而不愿) allow, advise, forbid, permit, consider We dont allow people to smoke here. (allow sb. to do sth.) We dont allow smoking in the room. (allo

26、w doing sth.) He is considered to have done that.比较： mind doing sth; mind sbs doing sth do + v.-ing go + v.-ing do 与v.-ing 之间一般要有一个“限定词” do some shopping, do a lot of running, do much reading go + v.-ing 中，v.-ing通常是体育娱乐活动 go boating / climbing /dancing / shopping catch sb doing sth 撞见，发觉 send sb doi

27、ng sth (逼)使某人做 The teacher caught him sleeping in class. The earthquake sent him rushing out of the room. in doing sth. (when-clause) on doing sth. (as soon as-caluse) by doing sth. without doing sth (if-clause) THE ENDEXERCISES: such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the r

28、iver. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered2. at the door before entering please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleptOne learns a language by making mistakes and them. A. correc

29、t B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct5.There are five pairs ,but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing6. -Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D.

30、To be getting (ADABBC)1. 7. A computer does only what thinking people . A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done8. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the . A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars9. Mr.

31、 Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given11. European football is played in 80 countries, it the