上海暑期英语初升高初高衔接初三升高一新高一讲义之词汇梳理(牛津新世纪版本通用)(二)

1、3学员编号：年级：初三课时数：学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型C专题-词汇梳理IC专题-词汇梳理IIT能力-综合能力提高授课日期及时段教学内容、专题知识梳理I，1. senior adj .年长的；级别高的be senior to比年长（级别或地位高）e.g. Tom is three years senior to me. 汤姆比我大三岁。【拓展】：n.较年长者； 美（中学）最高年级的学生junior adj.年少的；下级的 n.年少者，晚辈senior students.批注：本单词主要是掌握介词搭配及单词释义。同时可以结合例子记忆，如高中生:2. prefer V .宁可；更喜

2、欢【拓展】preference n.偏爱，倾向【常见搭配】prefer A to B喜欢A胜过喜欢Be.g. I prefer tea to coffee .比起喝咖啡，我更喜欢喝茶。prefer doing A to doing B比起做B来更喜欢做 Ae.g. I prefer playing basketball to watching TV .比起看电视，我更喜欢打篮球。prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿而不 e.g. He prefers to rent a car rather than buy one.他宁愿租辆车也不愿意买辆。批注：prefer

3、的用法作为非谓语动词考点经常考察的一个考点，包括选择题和翻译，要求学生必须着掌握。可以使用回顾学习法，因为初中阶段其实已经学习过prefer的前两个用法。因此，本处可以强调 prefer to do Arather than do B 的用法。对于rather than 而不是”的用法也可以顺便给学生教授下。7 3. impression n. E喙give/make/leave a . impression on somebody 给某人留下 的印象 e.g. The modern city left a good impression on the tourists.这座现代化的城市给游客

4、们留下了美好的印象。【拓展】：impress v.给极深的印象impress somebody with something 用 给某人留下深刻的印象impress something on somebody 使意识至U （重要性或严重性）impress on somebody something 使某人牢记 e.g. The girl impressed me with her kindness. 这个女孩的和善给我留下了深刻的印象。e.g. The English teacher impressed on the students the importance of practising

5、speaking English every day.老师使学生们牢记每天操练英语口语的重要性。impressive adj.令人印象深刻的；令人难忘的e.g. The royal wedding was very impressive.这次皇家婚礼给人们留下了深刻的印象。批注：impress及其动词名词形式都要求学生掌握，词组搭配也经常在翻译中会考到。要求学生要掌握。、4.remind v.提醒；使 想起remind somebody of something使想起e.g. The children playing in the park reminded the old man of hi

6、s happy childhood.公园里嬉戏的孩子让老人们想起来自己欢乐的童年。【拓展】：remind somebody to do something提醒某人做某事remind somebody that 提醒某人 e.g. Please remind me to take medicine tomorrow morning. 明早请提醒我吃药。e.g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I had been late for the meeting. 看至U钟, 我就意识至U开 会迟到了。批注：要求学生特别注意 remind sb. of s

7、th. 和remind sb. to do sth./ that的用法区别。5. contact n.接触，联系【常见搭配】keep in contact with与.保持联系make contact with 与取得联系lose contact with与 一 失去联系e.g. My father still kept in contact with some of his classmates from university 。 父亲和他大学里的些 同学仍然保持着联系。e.g. She Succeeded in making contact with her uncle . n Franc

8、e after twenty years。二十年后， 她成功地 和在法国的舅舅取得了联系。e.g. Because of the war, the old woman lost contact with her family .由于战争，这位老妇人和她的家人 失去了联系。【拓展】V.接触；联系；联络contact lenses隐形眼镜批注：本单词要求学生掌握词组搭配并灵活运用于翻译。Irjh2 6. consider V .认为；把 看作【常用搭配】consider. . . (as/to be) 认为是 ； 把看作是e.g. People consider Paris(to be)the h

9、eart of France.人们把巴黎看作是法国的心脏。【拓展】V.考虑【必背】consider doing something考虑做某事e.g. She is considering going abroad for further study . 她正在考虑出国进修。 consideration n.考虑take into consideration考虑至U e.g. To solve this problem , we must take all these factors into consideration . 为了解决这个问题，我们必须考虑到所有因素。(3)considerate

10、 adj.替别人着想的；体贴的considerable adj.相当大的；相当多的【词组辨析】consider (as / to be ), think of as /to be , regard as / to be这三个词组的意思是一样的，都是 认为一；把 看作”，但是consider在使用时，as/ to be可以省略， 而regard或者think of则不能省略 as/ to be 。批注：本单词也是需要学生重点掌握的词汇，包括他的两个形容词：considerate和considerable ,完全是两个不同的意思，这一点要让学生进行区分和记忆。同时，对于 consider的动词词组

11、及其作为名词时的搭配也要 求学生掌握，如 takeinto consideration 考虑到 经常会在翻译中出现。7. lack v .缺乏；不足；没有【常用搭配】lack of缺少lack in缺乏(某种品质、特点)e.g. She was lacking in courage .她缺乏勇气。【拓展】n.缺乏；不足；没有e.g. It is said that a lack of sleep can lead to brainpower failure .据说，缺乏睡眠可能导致脑力衰退。批注：本单词在选择及翻译中都经常考到。要求学生掌握lack作为动词及名词的用法。并注意词组lack of

12、和lack in 的区别。,“ 8. suit v.适合，中意 【搭配】suit sth to sth。e.g. He suited his speech to his audience .他使自己的演讲适合于听众。【辨析】match表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，即：与 相配；fit作及物动词：适合，配上，合身，使人适应；作不及物动词，表吻合，合身；suit表适合，常强调颜色、式样等适合某人，而 fit则强调大小合身。【拓展】be suitable for sth适用于批注：本单词要求学生掌握suit与match和fit的区别。*9. guarantee v. 保证【搭配】guarantee

13、that保证guarantee to do something 保证做某事【例句】 e.g. He guaranteed that he would keep his word . 他保证会信守承诺。e.g. He guaranteed to finish writing the report by the end of the day。他保证 一定会在下班前 写完这篇报道。【拓展】 n.保证；保修期；保修单give a guarantee of something 保证 give a guarantee that 保证be under guarantee 在保修期内e.g. Wealth i

14、s no guarantee of happiness. 财富决不是幸福的保证。批注：本单词要求学生掌握基本用法即可。7 10. effective adj .有效的e.g. His efforts to improve his spoken English have been very effective 。他为提高自己的英语口语水平所作的努力卓见成效。【辨析】 effective & efficienteffective adj.有效的 His teaching method was not effective .他的教学方法不奏效。efficient adj .有效率的；效率高的

15、e.g. A good lawyer needs an efficient secretary . 一位好律师需要一个办事效率高的秘书。【拓展】effect n .影响；效果；作用e.g. Some western films have misleading effects on the young people . 有些西方电影对年轻人有误导作用。【搭配】be in effect有效come into effect 生效take effect见效；起作用have a effect on对有的作用/影响e.g. The new regulation will not come into eff

16、ect until next month . 新规定各从下月开始生效。e.g. Parents have a greater effect on their children than teachers. 比起老师来， 父母对孩子的影响更大。批注：本单词重点掌握词组搭配，以及与 efficient的区别，在完形填空中会把两个单词放在两个选项当中进 行对比。4 11. apply V.应用；运用；使用【搭配】 apply something to something 把使用到 中apply oneself to 致力于e.g. we should apply our knowledge and

17、skills to practical use .我们应该把自身的知识和技能应用于实践。e.g. lf you apply yourself to your career , you ' ll make great achievements 如果你致力于自己的事业，你一定会取得很大的成就。【拓展】V.敷；涂e.g. If your wound bleeds , first apply pressure to it .如果伤口流血，应首先用力按压止血。V.申请 apply to sb for sth向某人申请某物(3)application n. 申请；应用e.g. The applic

18、ation of new scientific discoveries to industrial production usually makes jobs easier to do.新的科学发现在工业生产中的应用通常使工作变得更容易。 applicant n .申请人批注：本单词在学习中需要掌握词组大家配的使用，包括申请的表达和致力于的表达。同时跟adopt采纳;收养”进行对比和区别学习。12 . ensure v.保证；担保【搭配】ensure sb. sthensure sth.ensure thate.g. I can't ensure his being on time.

19、我不能保证他的准时。e.g. I can't ensure that he will be there on time.我不能担保他会及时到那儿。e.g. This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep. 这药?各保证你一晚睡眠良好。批注:本单词掌握其基本用法即可。二、专题精讲Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary. （每题一分，共10分）rather thanat fir

20、st glanceimpressioncommunicatetake . into considerationlack ofremindseniorconcentrationlose contact with1., the story seems comical.2. This is what executives are trained to do.3. British people do not readily ask each other to do anything that would involve real inconvenience. They prefer to wait f

21、or such service lo be offered ask for it.4. Her progress in English left a deep on the teacher.5. The speaker was successful in his ideas to the listeners.6. I need not you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.7. He has his pen-friend in the UK for two years.8. The miners went on a strike again

22、st the food.9. The successful solution of the problem required patience and.10. Before we come to a decision, we must make sure we all the relevant facts.Keys:1. At first glance 2. senior 3. rather than 4. impression 5. communicating6. remind 7. lost contact with 8. lack of 9. concentration 10. have

23、 taken . into consideration三、专题过关Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. turnB. eagerlyC.concernedD. anxiously E. growingF. changedGproducedH.internationalI. popular J. calledThere ha

24、ve been a lot of changes in American eating habits in the last ten years. One is the _37_ awareness of the nutritional value of food. Another is an increasing interest in a variety of _38_ foods. Since about 1970, Americans have been more and more _39_ about health. They have begun to notice the ing

25、redients （配料） in what they eat.When they select food in the supermarket, they _40_ the package over to read the labels carefully. They prefer to eat food that is _41_ without unnecessary chemicals and often choose fruits and vegetables grown without poisons used to kill insects. A small group of Ame

26、ricans, _42_ vegetarians, has decided not to eat meat. They choose a complete diet from other kinds of food because they think that meat products are not good for health.Also more and more Americans have become interested in food from other countries. They have been going out to international restau

27、rants and _43_ trying unfamiliar dishes. Chinese, Japanese, French, Italian, and Greek cooking as well as many other recipes （食谱）are all _44_ these days in the United States. People used to say that Americansate uninteresting, unhealthy food, but this has _45_ in the last ten years.Keys: 3745 EHCAG

28、JBIF四、学法提炼1 .将课本同步词汇利用暑期的时间给学生梳理一遍，尤其是较常考到的词汇及其搭配进行梳理总结，并要求学 生反复记忆；2 .及时检测学生对同步词汇的掌握程度，并结合十选九的形式让学生知晓高考的考点；3 .对于词汇的掌握需要求学生从词语的词义及词性和用法三个维度加强对词汇的记忆。»一题、专题知识梳理1. construction n.建造【搭配】under construction在建造中e.g. Many underground lines are under construction in Shanghai . 在上海，很多条地铁线路正在建设中。 【拓展】 cons

29、truct v.建设e.g. It took four years to construct this suspension bridge.这座斜拉索桥用了 四年才建成。(2)constructive adj.建设性的e.g. When his friends have trouble, they often turn to him because he can give constructive advice.他的朋友有困难的时候常常向他求助，因为他能提供建设性的建议。批注：本单词主要是掌握单词的本身意思，及其动词，形容词的意思和使用即可。守2. base n.底座，基础基地；根据地e.g.

30、 That lamp with a square base is the most expensive one in the shop.那台有方形底座的灯是店里最贵的物品。e.g. The soldiers didn ' t return to the base until midnighUt至U深夜才返回基地。v.以为基础；以 为根据【搭配(baseon / upon以为基础Ibe based one.g. The project was based on the young man' s creative ideas.这个项目是基于这名年轻人有创意的想法而形成的。批注：本单

31、词需要掌握词组搭配，经常以翻译形式考查。、3. present adj .现在的；目前的The present situation should not be allowed to continue .不应该允许现在的这种状况再继续下去。 adj.出席的；在场的【搭配be present at出席，到场Lbe absent from 缺席e.g. He wasn ' t present when the professor gave theirect教授作讲座的时候他不在场。e.g. The teachers present thought highly of the professo

32、r.在场的老师向 lecture扬了教授所作的讲座。v.介绍；引见；赠送e.g. Samples are presented free in most of the supermarkets. 在大多数超市里， 样品是免费赠送的。n.礼物n.现在；目前【搭配at present 目前；现在for the present 眼前；暂且e.g. The company can ' t accept new orders at preisent司目前不能接受新的订单。【注意】present作形容词用时，既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语。作前置定语时解释为现在的；目前的”，而作后置定语时解释为

33、出席的；在场的”批注：present的使用主要是掌握有关该单词的词组搭配，以及 present作为前置定语和后置定语时的区别， 如：the present situation现在的情况 the professor present 出席的教授。4 .historical adj.历史的；有关历史的e.g. We can learn a lot from historical events .我们能从历史事件中学到很多。【拓展】historic adj.有历史意义的There are many historic buildings in Beijing .北京有很多历史悠久的建筑。historia

34、n n .历史学家e.g. The boy ' s dreambiectome a historian when he grows up .这个小男孩的梦想是长大了当一名历史学家。【比较】historic 和 historicalhistoric意为 具有历史意义的；在历史上占重要地位的；历史悠久的 ”historical意为 宥关历史的；史学的“。e.g. Columbus made four historic voyages .哥伦布进行了四次有历史意义的远航。e.g. Columbus is a historical figure .哥伦布是一个历史人物。批注：本单词需要掌握 h

35、istorical和historic两个形容词意义的辨析。5 . civilization n .文明The Chinese have a brilliant civilization behind them .中国人民有悠久的文化传统。【拓展】civilize v.使文明；使有教养e.g. Art and culture can help civilize a person .艺术和文化可以帮助一个人变得有教养。civilized adj.文明的；有教养的e.g. Reading good books will make a person more civilized 。 阅读好书各使个人变

36、得更有教养。6 . preserve v.保存；保藏；保护e.g. The government has taken measures to preserve the ancient buildings in-the city.市政府已采取措施保护城中的古建筑。【拓展】preservation n.保存；保护e.g. Everyone should do his or her part for the preservation of wild life .每个人都应该为保护野生动物尽自己的一份力。批注：改单词需要掌握动词及名词的基本用法即可，preserve及其名词preservation属于

37、阅读中的高频词，所以要重点记忆。、7. admit v.准许进入承认【搭配Jadmit somebody to/into允许某人进入；吸收某人参加X admit doing sth承认做过某事e.g. Visitors are not admitted to the museum after 5 p . m.下午五点以后游客不允许进入博物馆。【拓展】admission n.允许进入；承认e.g. He paid 5 yuan for admission to the exhibition .他花了五元钱买了张展览会的门票。批注：此处可以带领学生进行非谓语动词的回忆了，加动名词作宾语的动词有：a

38、dmit, deny, enjoy, suggest,practice等。可以引导学生进行回忆和学习。中8. attract ve.g. The art exhibition attracted a lot of visitors .艺术展吸引了大批参观者。【拓展】 attraction n.吸引；吸引物e.g. The young singer ' s music has much attraction for teenagers这个年轻歌手的音乐对青少年有很大的吸引力。(2) attractive adj.有吸引力的e.g. Goods on sale always seem at

39、tractive to the old lady .打折的商品总是对这位老妇人有很大的吸引力。叱2 9. remains n. 遗迹e.g. The professor is very interested in studying the remains of ancient Rome .教授对研究古罗马的遗迹很感兴趣。【拓展】n.剩余物 n.遗体e.g. The writer ' s remains were aaidhiiirch. 作家的遗体被安葬在教堂。remain v.剩下；保持 (联系动词)e.g. Because of a heart attack, the old ma

40、n was advised to remain indoors a week .由于心脏病发，老人被建议在室内休养一周。批注：此处可以带领学生总结联系动词，如 remain , stay, go, get, become, turn等，并给学生强调并复习 系表结构的使用。、10. accessv.到达；进入e.g. Visitors were asked to access the building through the back door . 访客被要求从后门进入大楼。n.通道；(使用或见到的)机会，权利e.g. The only access to the village is cut

41、off .进入村庄的唯一通道被切断了。【搭配】have access to课进入，可到达【拓展】accessible adj.可以进入的；易接近的Young parents should make sure that medicine is not accessible to their children 。年轻的父母们应该确保药品放在孩子们拿不到的地方。批注：本单词主要以翻译的形式考查，较多的考察到have access to这个词组的使用，此处可以强调。t 11. wonder n.奇迹e.g. The Great Wall in Beijing is a world wonder .北京

42、的长城是一大世界奇迹。n.惊讶e.g. She looked at him with great wonder .她无比惊讶地看着他。v.感到惊讶；想知道【搭配】wonder at对感到惊讶e.g. They wondered at his reaction to the surprising news .他对这贝U惊人消息的反应使他们感至U惊讶。批注：本单词只要掌握词性及分别的词义即可，主要是考察宾语从句的使用会涉及到该单词。12. control n.控制【搭配口 take control of 控制be in control(of something) 控制着；掌管着be/ get/ r

43、un out of control 失去控制be under control处于控制之下【拓展】v.控制；掌管e.g. He seems to be poor at controlling his temper.他似乎很难控制自己的脾气。批注：掌握搭配即可。13. seat v.使坐下就座 seat oneselfget seatede.g. He seated himself at a writing table and began to do the homework . 他在写字台前坐下， 开始做作 业。【拓展】v.坐得下人e.g. The hall can seat three hun

44、dred teachers and students 这个礼堂可以坐下三百名生。n.座位e.g. He gave up his seat in the bus for an old lady .他把自己在公共汽车上的座位让给了一位老妇人。 批注：该单词需要针对动词的使用及用法进行强调。14.make up n.化妆（品）【拓展】n.构成e.g. The make-up of the committee is five teachers and five professors . 委员会由五名教和五名教授 组成。【搭配p make up组成；虚构；弥补；化妆<be made up of 由

45、组成Lmake up for弥补 -e.g. She is making up.她正在化妆。e.g. She studied hard in order to make up for wasted time .为了弥补浪费的时间，她努力学习。The story is made up.这个故事是虚构的。【辨析 1 be composed ofconsis峰fbe made up ofcompose v构成（整体），组成；由 组成（后接of,常用于被动语态）；创作（作曲、诗歌等）。e.g. The committee was composed mainly of teachers and pare

46、nts.委员会主要由教和学生家长组成。consist v.组成，构成，由组成（后接of,常用于主动语态）；e.g. The problem consists of two parts.问题由两音B分组成。批注：本单词make-up不作为重点，主要是 make up of等构成的词组和近义词组的使用，要求作为重点。寸 15. beat v. (beat, beaten)战胜；击败e.g. Their team beat ours.他们的队伍战胜了我们的队伍。【拓展】v. & n .敲打e.g. He was criticized by the teacher for beating hi

47、s classmate on the head .他因为打了同学的头部而受到了老师的批评。v.有规律地动批注：注意本单词和win的区别，win指的是赢得奖品，奖金，奖牌等，beat指的是打败人或队伍等。P 16. trend n.趋势trend towards的趋势e.g. There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement nowadays in society . 如今， 社会上出现了提前退休 的趋势。【拓展】trendy adj.（赶）时髦的° 2 17. surround v.环绕【搭配】be surrounded by由环

48、绕,包围e.g. The island is surrounded by seas. 这座岛四面临海。【拓展】surroundings n.环境e.g. It is nice to live in clean and comfortable surroundings .在清洁舒适的环境中生活是愉快的。批注：给学生拓展和总结表示环境的单词除了surroundings,还有environment , condition ,circumstance 。* .18. achieve v.达到；获得e.g. To achieve good scores, you have to study hard .

49、为了获得好成绩，你必须努力学习。【拓展】achievement n.成就；成绩；达到；实现make achievements 取得成就e.g. The scientist's friends congratulated him on making such great achievements .科学家的朋友们祝贺他取得了如此伟大的成就。批注：表示获得的单词除了achieve还有gain , obtain , acquire等可以跟学生进行拓展。也、19. similar adj .相似的be similar to sb. in sth 在某方面和某人相似e.g. My opinion

50、s are similar to his .我的观点和他的相似。【拓展】similarly adv.同样地；相似地；类似地|e.g. We strengthen our bodies by taking physical exercises. Similarly, we develop our minds by havingconstant learning.我们通过体育锻炼强健体魄。同样地，我们通过不断的学习发展思维。similarityn.相似点批注：注意和 familiar 熟悉的”的区别，以及 familiar 的搭配，be familiar with/to , similar 只有

51、be similar to 的搭配。中20. arrangev.布置e.g. The reference books on the shelf are arranged in alphabetical order.书架上的参考书是按照字母表顺序排列的。v.安排；筹划【搭配】arrange(for somebody) to do something 安排(某人)做某事e.g. Her wedding ceremony was arranged by her parents. 她的婚礼由父母筹划。 arrangement n.安排；筹划；布置【搭配】make arrangements for为作筹

52、备e.g. The secretary was asked to make arrangements for somebody to meet the president at the airport.秘书被要求安排一个人到机场去接董事长。二、专题精讲1. Translation.(每题 2 分，共 20 分)1 .中国是一个拥有许多旅游胜地的国家。(attraction)2 .据说他没有参加高考就被一所大学录取了。(admit)3 .布达拉宫的建造是个奇迹。(construction)4 .学生们必须有机会t到好书。 (access)5 .在炎热的夏天，保护食物最有效的方法是将食物放在冰箱里

53、。(preserve)Keys:1. China is a country with many tourist attractions .2. It is said that he has been admitted to a university without taking the national entrance examinations.3. The construction of the Potala Palace is a wonder.4. Students must have access to good books.5. In very hot summer, the mo

54、st effective way to preserve food is to leave food in the refrigerator.三、专题过关Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. screenB. similarC.fewerD. differentlyE. strangelyF. previousG. fac

55、tH.ideaI. preventJ. hangMost of us act 41 when we think we ' re being watched. If we know someoas their eye on us, we actve had success,more properly and speak more carefully. But can this 42 be used to 43 crime ?Security staff at Newcastle University in England are testing that question, and so

56、 far theyMSN News. Their 44 was simple:45 a picture of a pair of eyes above each bicycle rack ( 搁架)oncampus to stop people from stealing bicycles. Since the university adopted this idea, the racks with the eyes above them have “ experienced percent 46 thefts compared with the 47 year ” , say Newcastle officials. BritishTransport Police are trying a48 solution to stop crime on a train route between London and Essex.Just make sure your parents don' t hear about this story. If they do, they mjgjhnhangs above the t