宾语从句及动词不定式讲解教学提纲

1、精品文档精品文档宾语从句如何区分宾语从句？the teacher.宾语the teacher is a宾语从句Theyknow主语谓语Theyknow主语谓语 句子做宾语就是宾语从句。宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语.1. 时态一致：1）当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要，采用任何一种时态 例女口 :He says that he will be free tomorrow.I know that man lived here five years ago.2）当主句是过去时，从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.例女口 ： He thought the train was like a

2、big moving party.（从句为一般过去时）He said he was going to take care of the child.（从句为过去将来时）He said he had never seen the film.（在这句中，从句为过去完成时）但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理，从句时态用一般现在时.例女口 : The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.The teacher said that light travels much faster tha n sound.Jim said that time is l

3、ife.2. 引导词:1）当宾语从句由陈述句 充当时，由that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.例女口 ：l believe （ that ） you are right.He said （ that ） the fastest way to travel was by pla ne.2）当宾语从句由一般疑问句 充当时，由if或whether引导，作“是否”解。 例如:Is his name John? / Could you tell me? Could you tell me if /whether his n ame is Joh n? Are they going to the G

4、reat Wall? Jim wants to know.Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.3）当宾语从句由特殊疑问句充当时，特殊疑问词就是引导词，例女口 :Do you know what time the plane leaves?3. 语序：1）当宾语从句由陈述句 充当时，保持原来的语序,即陈述句语序. 例如：陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.=She said she woul

5、d leave a message on the desk.He said （that ）the fastest way to travel was by plane .2）当宾语从句由疑问句（包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）充当时，除引导词外，此后变 为陈述句语序.例如：即If / whether +主语+谓语部分或疑问词+主语+谓语部分Eg. “ Where are the tickets? ” I asked him.=I asked him where the tickets were.I don ' t know if/whether he could answer the qu

6、estion.Please tell me who(whom) I will meet tomorrow.4. 宾语从句和状语从句的区分 ：eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.2) I don't know if the train has arrived.句 1 中 if 引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件” ，整个句子的意思是如果明天天 气好，我就出去。句 2 中 if 引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词 don't know 的宾语。整 个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。判断方法：1、可以从整个句式看

7、。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外)，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2、从引导词看。 if 充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于 whether， 词义为“是否”，充 当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果” 。 when 充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么 时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候”( ) We're not sure if it tomorrow.If it ， we won't climb the South Hill.(2004 年青海西宁)A. will snow ； snowsB.will snow ；will snowC.snows；

8、snowsD.snows； will snow5. 宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为 “特殊疑问词 +不定式”、 “it +形容词+不定式短语”1) I don't know what I should do with the letter.(改为简单句)(2005 年山东烟台)I don't know what with the letter.2) Can you tell me how to get to the nearest hospital?改为宾语从句)Can you tell me how the nearest hospital?3) I think it is

9、 very important to study English well.I think to study English well.宾语从句习题() 1.Could you tell me ?A if he would come tomorrow B will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrow D If he comes tomorrow() 2.Could you tell me ?A where is the part ?B who's on duty ?C whose book is this ?D what ar

10、e they doing ?() 3. I want to know .A. which house does your sister live B. which houses does his uncle live inC. which house his uncle lives D. which house his uncle lives in() 4. Father told us that they on a field trip.A. will goB. are going C. have gone D. were going() 5. I want to know .A. who

11、is he waiting B. who is he waiting forC. who he is waitingD. who he is waiting for( ) 6. Can you tell me ?A. where she is goingB. where she goingC. where is she going D. where is she going to( ) 7. Do you know this time yesterday？A.what she is cookingB.what is she cookingC.what she was cookingD.what

12、 was she cooking( ) 8. Do you know how much hot water?AMum is needed B does Mum need CMum needs Ddid Mum need ()9. Can you tell me?A where he is Bwhere is he C he is where Dwhat is he( )10. I didn't know how to London?A would they go Bare they going Cthey would go Dthey are going ()11.Let me tel

13、l you .A. how much is the carB. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spent on the car()12.Do you know ?A. what the news areB what is the newsCwhat the news isD what are the news()13.He said he would help me with my maths if he free.A was B will be C would be Dis()

14、14 I don't know if she If she ， please let me knowA comes； comesBwill come ； will comeCcomes； will come Dwill come ；come ( )15. Peter knew .A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris ()16 I did

15、n't know what A was the matter B is the matter Cmatter was Dthe matter is ()17 I couldn't agree with at the meetingA that you saidBwhich you saidC what did you say Dwhat you said ()18 My friend asked me A that who is girl Bwho that girl was Cwho was that girl D that girl was who()20 My teach

16、er asked me A who dictionary this was Bwhose dictionary this was Cwhose dictionary was this Dwho dictionary was this动词不定式用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to +动词原形”,有时可以不带to。其否定形式"not to + 动词原形"动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。 动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表 语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1 作宾

17、语（不定式作宾语，前面的动词为及物动词）Indians like to eat hot food.印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。They need to look at a map他们需要查看地图。有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时,feel, find, make, think, believe,前面往往带有形式宾语it。例如：Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wai?你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗？ They improved the software to make it easier for people to use compute

18、rs 他们改进了软件， 使人们使用计算机更简便了。I found it difficult to work with him.I feel it useful to lear n En glish.Who made it possible to dive deep into the sea?2作宾语补足语（不定式作宾补时，接在宾语之后，即动词+宾语+ to do sth.）He told me not to bring you any thi ng.他叫我不要给你带任何东西。Who taught you to play the music?谁教你弹这支曲子的？使役动词let, have, ma

19、ke 以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch , notice等的宾语补足语 时，动词不定式符号to要省略。例如：The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。Our En glishteacher let us to listen to English every day.作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带to，也可不带.Can you help me （to ）carry the box, please?3. 作状语（动词不定式具有副词的特征，所以可在句中作状语）You can hide un

20、der my seat whe n the con ductor comes to check the tickets当 列车员来查票 时，你可以藏在我的座位下面。In his third year，he left Harvard to work for a companycalled Microsoft .在三年级时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。4. 作定语动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如：In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do.我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。Every day he made

21、 one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat 他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。I have nothing to say on this questi on.对这个问题我无可奉告。当不定式中的动词不能直接修饰前面的词时，应加介词.I need a pen to write with.我需要用一枝钢笔写字.This is the room to live in . 这个房子可以住.Mary n eeds a friend to play with.That girl bas no thi ng to worry about.Although the film had been on for ten minutes, I still was not able to find a chair to sit on.5. 作主语T