新人教版英语八年级下册1-10单元语法总结及习题

1、unit 1will people have robots?ii. grammar: 一般将来时 there will be few，a few，little ，a little ，much，many 语法小结：一、一般将来时1用 be doing 表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如： go，come，leave，arrive 等，也可用于其他动作动词。we are having fish for dinner. we are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 这种用法通常带有表示将

2、来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。a: where are you going? b: i am going for a walk. are you coming with me? a: yes，i am just coming. wait for me. 2用 be going to do 表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“ 意图 ” ，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。are you going to post that letter? how long is he going to stay here? i am going to book a ticke

3、t. 另一意义是表示“ 预见 ” ，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。it s going to rain.george is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat. 3. 用 will/ shall do 表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。you will feel better after taking this medicine. do you think it will rain? 二是表示意图 . i will not lend the book to you. take it easy，i will not do

4、it any longer. 基本结构：she will come to have class tomorrow. will she come to have class tomorrow? she wont come to have class tomorrow.what will she do tomorrow? 二、 there be 结构1. therebe结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。there is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。there was a knock at the door.有人敲门。there has been a g

5、irl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。there will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。2. 动词 be 单复数形式要跟there be 之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be 的单复数形式。如 there is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。how many people are there in the city?这个城市里有多少人口？there is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。there are two books and a pen on th

6、e desk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。there are some students and a teacher in the classroom. 教室里有一些学生和一位老师。there is a teacher and some students in the classroom.教室里有一位老师和一些学生。3. 在 therebe 引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动形式均可。there is no time to lose (=to be lost). 时间紧迫。there is nothing to see (=to be seen). 看不见有什么。there i

7、s nothing to do. (=to be done)无事可做。4、there is no doing. (口语 )不可能 .there is no telling when he will be back. 无法知道他什么时候回来。there is no knowing what he is doing.无法知道他在做什么。三、课文难句解析1. will people use money in 100years? 一百年后人们还会使用钱币吗？1) money 金钱；货币eg whats the money? 价钱是多少 ? paper money 纸币；钞票2) in 100 year

8、s 在 100 年之后“in+ 一段时间 ” 常用在将来时态中egill come in an hour. 我一小时后来。ill see you again in three days. 三天后我再见你。2. there will be less leisure time 空闲时间会更少。1) less形容词：较少的(是 little 的比较级 )，修饰不可数名词，其最高级是least；反义词是more。egjanes less beautiful than mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。five is less than six 5 比 6 少。2) leisure time 空闲时间egwh

9、at do you do in your leisure time? 你空闲时间做些什么？3. i think there will be more pollution我认为将会有更多的污染产生。1) think 后跟的是宾语从句，且宾语从句是there be 句型的一般将来时，结构为“there will be+物+其他成分 ” 。eg i think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天会下雨。i think there will be fewer trees. 我认为将来树木会更少。2) pollution 表示 “ 污染 ” ，用作不可数名词。例如： they di

10、d a lot to stop water pollution 他们采取大量措施制止水污染。4. i dont agree 我不同意。agree在本句中作动词，i dont agree是一句交际用语，表示“ 不赞成某人或某人的观点” ，如果表赞成，则为i agree。1) 表示 “ 同意某人意见 ” 时用 agree with sb，该短语不能用于被动语态。eg did you agree with him? 你同意他的意见吗? i dont agree with what she said 我不同意她所说的。2) 表示 “ 同意 (某计划、办法、建议、条件) ” 时，用 agree to(t

11、o 在此用作介词，其后接名词、代词或者相当于名词的成分)，该短语可以用于被动语态。egi agree to your idea我同意你的想法。my plan was agreed to by all of them 他们所有的人都同意我的计划。3) 表示 “ 就 取得一致意见 ” 用 agree on(或 upon)，指 “ 两者或两者以上的商定，达成协议” 。egthey both agreed on the date for the meeting 他们双方都同意开会的日期。4) agree 后还可以接不定式，不接动名词，表示“ 同意做某事 ” 。egthey agreed to leav

12、e tomorrow afternoon 他们同意明天下午动身。5. what do you think sally will be in five years? 你认为萨莉5 年之后将会是什么样子? 此句中的do you think 是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。eg which book do you think she will like? 你认为她会喜欢哪本书? who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的那件事? 6. i went to shanghai last year and fell in love with it. 我去年去了上海，并且喜

13、欢上了这座城市。1) go 表示 “ 去 ” ，过去式是went，“go to+ 地名 ” 表示 “ 到某地去 ” 。egwhen will you go to school? 你什么时候去上学？he will go to the factory tomorrow他明天要去那所工厂。如果 go 后面接副词，不用to。eghe went home at before six yesterday evening 他昨天晚上6 点前回家的。2) last year 意为 “ 去年 ” ，用于一般过去时态中。eghe went to london last year 去年他去了伦敦。3) love 爱

14、，热爱，其反义词是hate；fall in love with是“ 喜爱；爱上；与 相恋 ” 的意思。eghe went to harbin last year and fell in love with it.去年他去了哈尔滨，并且喜欢上了那里。7. i cant have any pets because my mother hates them. 我不能养宠物，因为我妈不喜欢他们1) because在这句中用作连词，引导原因状语从句，表示“ 因为 ” 。注意在英语中because不能和 so 同时使用。egjohn didnt go to school because he was il

15、l. 约翰没有上学，因为他病了。2) hate 表示 “ 不喜欢，憎恨” ，后可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可用词组hate doing sth.，表示 “ 讨厌做某事” 。eghe hated flowers. 他讨厌花朵。i hate swimming in the lake. 我讨厌在那个湖里游泳。8. ill probably go skating and swimming every day. 我会每天都去滑冰和游泳。1)go doing sth. 结构，表示 “ 去做 go skating去滑冰go swimming去游泳 go shopping去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go

16、boating 去划船egmy father goes fishing every week 我爸爸每周都去钓鱼。i like going skating 我喜欢去滑冰。2) every day 与 everyday 区别： every day 表示 “ 每天 ” ，通常与一般现在时连用；而everyday 表示 “ 日常的，每天发生的，每日所用的” ，是形容词。例如：egi get up at six every day. 我每天 6 点起床。he wears everyday clothes today今天他穿一身便服。9. during the week ill look smart，a

17、nd probably will wear a suit 在工作日里，我会看上去很精神，也许会穿一身套装。1) during 表示 “ 在 期间 ” ，during the week 是介词短语，意为“ 在工作日里 ” 。egthe sun gives us light during the day. 太阳在白天给我们阳光。he fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。2) look 表示 “ 看上去 ” ，用作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。egthat dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。you look very beaut

18、iful today. 今天你看上去很漂亮。3) wear 表示 “ 穿 ” ，表示状态，用一般现在时表示经常状态，用现在进行时表示暂时状态。egwe wear our rain boots on a rainy day. 我们在下雨天穿雨鞋。she is wearing a new coat她穿着一件新衣服。does he wear glasses? 她戴眼镜吗？put on 是“ 穿上 ” ， “ 戴上 ” 的意思，强调动作。egshe put on a red coat and went out. 她穿上红色大衣出去了。注意： put on 是一时的动作，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。他

19、整天戴着草帽。误： he puts on a hat all day. 正： he wears a hat all day. 10. ill go to hong kong on vacation 我会去香港度假。on vacation 意为 “ 在度假 ” ，on 表示 “ 处于 状态中 ” 。eg he will go to hangzhou on vacation 他要到杭州度假。my father will be away on business tomorrow我爸爸明天要出差。11. what do you think the weather will be like tomorr

20、ow? 你认为明天的天气怎样? 1) whats the weather like? 是询问天气怎么样，相当于 how is the weather ？what be like?可以用来征求对方对某事的看法或意见，意思是“ 怎么样 ?” 类似的说法还有what do you think of? how do you like? 等句型。egwhat is the book like? what do you think of the book? how do you like the book? 你觉得这本书怎么样? whats the weather like today? how is t

21、he weather today? 今天天气怎么样? 2) what is are1ike? 可用来提问天气情况，也可用来对人(或物 )的外观、外貌提问，还可以用来对其特性提问。egwhats the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样? whats the young girl like? 那个年轻女孩长什么样? what was the book like? 那本书怎么样 ? 12. there were many famous predictions that never came true (过去 )有许多从没成为现实。著名的预测1) 本句中 that never

22、came true 是个定语从句，用于修饰先行词predictions，that 为引导词，作定语从句的主语，不可省略。2) come true 指“ 理想，梦想等实现” 。 come 是连系动词；true 是形容词，做连系动词come 的表语。egmy dream will come true someday. 有一天我的梦想会实现。her dream to go to university has come true 她上大学的愿望实现了。一、词汇考查。a.选择正确的词语填空。1. tom has _ (few; fewer) christmas cards than i. 2. they

23、 believe that there will be _ (less; fewer) green trees in fifty years. 3. he is ill and he can eat _ (more; less) food, so he gets quite weak. 4. the _ (more; much) we get together, the _ (happy; happier) we ll be. 5. david has _ (less; fewer) money than anna has. b.把括号中的汉语翻译成英语。6.do you have a lit

24、tle _( 空闲时间 )？yes, i do. why? i want to talk about something with you. 7.i think i will be in a high school _(四年以后 ). 8.what do you think about in the future? i think students will all study at home _(用电脑 ). 9.which movies will _(得奖 ) next year? 10.can you _( 吹喇叭 )? a little. then join us, please. c

25、.理解句意，填补所缺部分。11.thursday is the f _ day of a week. 12. yesterday it rained very h_ , so i didn t go out.13. my parents enjoy l in the countryside very much. 14. do you have any l time? i want your help. 15. the computer is an important i . 16. there will be less p in 100 years. 17. we will have a lo

26、ng v after a few days. 18. do you have a c card? 19. the other students kept their eyes c right away. 20. their lives will be a lot b than it is now. 二、根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。21. she wants to be a _ (science) when she grows up. 22. there is a tall _ (build) in front of the post office. 23. i can do my

27、homework by _ (i). 24. today is sunday. lets go _ (skate). 25. please buy some _ (toothbrush) for them. 三、同步语法。a.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。26. they _ (not have) any classes next week. 27. betty _ (write) to her parents tomorrow. 28. look at those clouds. it _ (rain). 29. he _ (read) an english book now. 30. l

28、ook! many girls _ (dance) over there. b.按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。31. they clean the classroom every day. ( 用 tomorrow 代替 every day) they _ _ the classroom tomorrow. 32. will the flowers come out soon? ( 作肯定回答 ) _, _ _. 33. well go out for a walk with you. (改为否定句 ) we _ _ out for a walk with you. 34. nanjing w

29、ill have a fine day. ( 改为一般疑问句) _ nanjing _ a fine day? 35. the students will work in the supermarket. ( 对划线部分提问) _ _ the students _? 四、单项选择。( )36. will people live to be 300 years old? _. a. no, they arent b. no, they won t c. no, they dont d. no, they cant ( )37. there will be _ pollution this yea

30、r than last year. a. fewer b. much c. less d. many ( )38. i think people here are friendly. do you agree _ me? a. with b. to c. on d. from ( )39. where is miss wang? she went to hainan island last week and will return _ six days. a. ago b. later c. behind d. in ( )40. _ will they play? they will pla

31、y football. a. what subject b. what sport c. what food d. what language ( )41. i will see you again _. a. a day b. every day c. one day d. everyday ( )42. i hope your dream will _. a. come true b. come out c. come in d. come on ( )43. everyone wants to _ to the moon for vacations. a. walk b. run c.

32、swim d. fly ( )44.this coat doesnt fit him well, as he has _ a huge body and the coat is_small. a. so; such b. so; so c. such; such d. such; so ( )45. how many birds can you see in the trees? i can see _ birds in them. a. hundreds of b. five hundreds c. hundred of d. five hundreds of 五、根据汉语意思完成下列句子，

33、每空一词。46. 没有人知道将来会发生什么事。no one knows what will happen _ _ _. 47. 电脑如今被人们广泛地使用。the computers _ widely _ _ people today. 48.你认为哪一张画最好看？which _ _ _ is the nicest picture? 49. 他的叔叔是一名宇航员。他去年在太空站工作。his uncle is an _. he worked on a _ _ last year. 50. 我到临沂后，我就爱上了这座城市。i _ _ _ _ this city after i got to liny

34、i. 六、完形填空。we live in computer age ( 时代 ). people 51 scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do all kinds of work. but more than 30 years ago, 52 couldnt do much. they were very big and expensive. very 53 people were interested in them and knew how to use them. today computer

35、s are smaller and 54 . but they can do a lot of work; many people like to use them. some people 55 have them at home. computers become very important because they can work 56 than people and make fewer mistakes. computers can 57 people do a lot of work. writers now use computers to 58 . teachers use

36、 them to help teaching. students use them to 59 . computers can also remember what you 60 them. computers are very useful and helpful. they are our friends. do you want to have a computer? ( )51. a. likeb. as c. and d. with ( )52. a. students b. scientists c. teachers d. computers ( )53. a. few b. a

37、 few c. little d. a little ( )54. a. cheap b. cheaper c. more expensived. expensive ( )55. a. even b. still c. already d. yet ( )56. a. fastb. faster c. slow d. slower ( )57. a. help b. make c. stop d. use ( )58. a. write b. play c. study d. learn ( )59. a. sing b. study c. dance d. watch ( )60. a.

38、put inb. put on c. put into d. put up 根据短文内容和首字母提示完成句中所缺单词。in england winter is not very cold and summer is not very h 61 .there is a great d 62 between summer and winter. why is it? england has a warm winter and a c 63 summer because it is an island(岛) c 64 .in winter the sea is w 65 than the land.

39、 the winds from the sea t 66 warm air to e 67 . in summer the sea is c 68 than the land. the winds from the sea t 69 cool air to england. the southwest winds blow over(吹遍 ) england all the year. they blow from the s 70 .so england has a lot of rain. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 七、阅读理解。a p

40、eter was an inventor. his job was to invent new things, and he worked when he had an idea. his workroom was in his house, so he could work whenever he wanted to. sometimes he worked seven days a week and sometimes he didn t work for days. he did all his work right at home, but he left the house to g

41、o to meetings sometimes. peter usually got up at about five o clock. he made some tea and started to work at six. he drank tea all day he couldn t work without it but he didn t eat anything until in the evening.first, peter cleaned the workroom and turned on the answer-phone because he couldn t talk

42、 to people when he had an idea. then he started to work. he usually had a rest after two or three hours, but he didn t leave the workroom. he did something different to help him relax. sometimes he did some exercise, and sometimes he listened to music. he usually stopped working at about nine o cloc

43、k in the evening. he thought about his work most of the time, even when he was out. he was interested in what was around him and he liked looking for new ideas and new problems to solve. 阅读短文，完成句子71. peter was an _. 72. peter did his work at home, but he left his house to have _ sometimes. 73. when

44、he was working at daytime he didn t _ anything until in the evening.74. he _ the answer-phone because he couldn t talk to others.75. to relax, he often did some exercise and _ in his workroom. b we are all busy talking about and using the internet, but how many of us know about the history of the in

45、ternet? many people are surprised when they find that the internet was set up in the 1960s. at that time, computers were large and expensive. computer networks(网络 ) didn t work well. if one computer in the network broke down, then the whole network stopped. so a new network system(系统 ) had to be set

46、 up. it should be good enough to be used by many different computers. if part of the network was not working, information could be sent through another part. in this way the computer network system would keep on working all the time. at first, the internet was only used by the government, but, in th

47、e early 1970s, universities, hospitals and banks were allowed to use it too. however, computers were still expensive and the internet was difficult to use. by the start of the 1990s, computers become cheaper and easier to use. scientists had also developed software( 软件) that made “surfing(浏览 ) ” the

48、 internet more convenient ( 方便 ). today it is easy to get on-line and it is said that millions of people use the internet every day. sending e-mail is more and more popular among students. the internet has now become one of the most important parts of people s life.阅读短文，选择正确答案( ) 76. the internet ha

49、s a history of _ years. a. about 40 b. less than 30 c. more than 45 d. nearly 35 ( ) 77. scientists set up a new network system to _. a. make the computer cheaper b. make the system work well c. make the computer go well d. develop new softwares ( ) 78.the internet was widely used in the _. a.1960s

50、b.1970s c.1980s d.1990s ( ) 79.the underlined wo rds “get on-line” in chinese mean _.a.上机b.上网c.接线d.买电脑( ) 80.which of the following is not true? a. in the 1960s computer network system went wrong easily. b. computers are much cheaper than before. c. today the internet is used everywhere. d. people h

51、ad enough softwares to get on-line fifteen years ago. 八、书面表达。提示： 我喜欢英语，我想在10 年以后当一位英语老师。我要尽可能教好我的学生。我要尽量用英语讲课。我要努力使我的课讲得生动有趣。另外，学生们都喜欢听老师讲故事，所以我要经常给学生讲英语故事，使他们对英语感兴趣，从而能提高他们的听力。我相信我能成为一个好老师的。词数：80 左右_ unit 2what should i do?【单元目标】2目标句型：1. what should i do? 2. why don t you?3. you could 4. you should

52、 5. you shouldn t 3语法情态动词的用法【重难点分析】情态动词 (modal verbs ) * 情态动词也可称为“ 情态助动词(modal auxiliaries)”，因为它和基本助动词(be,do, have)都属于助动词类。* 情态动词和其他动词连用，可表示说话人的语气。* 情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。* 常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would这九大情态动词；其他的还有 ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情态动词的时态

53、关系：1. 现在式can - 过去式could 2. 现在式may - 过去式might 3. 现在式shall - 过去式should 4. 现在式will - 过去式would 5. 现在式must - 过去式must （常用 had to 来代替）二、情态动词表示“ 可能 ” 或“ 预测 ”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to) （1）can 和 could 用于表示 “ 可能 ” 或“ 预测 ” ：1. he cant be at home. (否定句 ) 他不可能在家。2. can the news be tr

54、ue? (将情态动词can 置于主语the news 前就成疑问句 ) 这消息可能是真的吗? 3. anybody can make mistake. ( 只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。（2）may 和 might 用于表示 “ 事实上的可能性” 或 “ 预测 ” ：1. it may rain tomorrow. ( 表示可能会发生) 明天可能会下雨。2. it may snow later this afternoon. ( 表示预测 ) 今天下午可能会下雪。3. you might be right. ( 表示有可能 ) 你可能是对的。（3）will 和 would 用于表

55、示 “ 预测 ” 或“ 习惯性 ” ：1. i think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会 )我想他现在一定好了。2. that would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是 ) 那肯定是他母亲。3. he will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的 ) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。（4）shall 和 should 用于表示 “ 必定 ” ：1. i shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 总有一

56、天我会发达的。2. that should be sam and his mother. (should be) 那准是 sam 和他的母亲。（5）must 用于表示 “ 必定 ” ，“ 必会 ” ：1. this must be good for you.(must be 肯定 ) 这肯定对你是有益的。2. all mankind must die.( 表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。3. mustnt there be a mistake? (mustnt 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？三、情态动词表示“ 许可 ” 、“ 请求 ”(can, could, will, woul

57、d, shall, should, may, might, must) （1）can 和 could 用于表示 “ 许可 ” 、“ 请求 ” ：1. can i go with you? ( 请求 ) 我能跟你一起走吗？2. father said i could go to cinema. ( 表示过去的许可) 爸爸说我可以去看电影。3. could i ask you something ? ( 请求 ,用 could 比 can 更婉转 ) 我可以问你一件事吗？（2）will 和 would 用于表示 “ 请求 ”1. will you kindly tell me the way to

58、 the post office?(表示客气请求) 请问到邮局怎么走？2. would you give me your address? ( 用 would 比 will 表示更客气 ) 请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？（3）shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见1. shall we talk? 我们谈谈好吗？2. what should we do next? ( 用 should 比 shall 表示更客气 ) 下一步我们该怎么做？3. shall he come to see you? (用于第三人称疑问句) 要不要他来看你？（4）may 和 might 用于表示

59、“ 许可 ”( 口语中多用can )1. you may take a walk. ( 表示给予许可 ) 你可以散散步。2. you might read the story for me. ( 比 may 更婉转 ) 是否请给我读一读这故事。3.may i make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗？4. might i take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行吗？5. students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止) 学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。6. if i may say s

60、o, you are not right. ( 用于条件句，表示请求) 你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。（5）must 用于表示 “ 禁止 ” ，“ 不准 ” ：1. cars must not be parked here. (must not 表示不许可 ) 此地不准停车。2. all of you mustnt fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比may not 更强 ) 你们不准在池里钓鱼。四、重要短语和表达法(key words)1argue v争论；争吵argue with sb与某人吵架i argued with my best friend