化学反应器设计原理

1、 原料预处理过程原料预处理过程(物理、化学处理物理、化学处理) 化学加工过程化学加工过程 (物质转化物质转化)反应产物分离、反应产物分离、提纯提纯(物理处理物理处理)目的产物目的产物副产物副产物原原 料料未反应原料未反应原料图图1.1典型的化学加工过程典型的化学加工过程)(PCTfr、CQNHNH32223液体液体气体气体气体气体气体气体液体液体液体液体液体液体气体气体气体气体液体液体气体气体填料塔反应器填料塔反应器喷雾塔反应器喷雾塔反应器板式塔反应器板式塔反应器固定床鼓泡反应器固定床鼓泡反应器滴流床反应器滴流床反应器磁场流化床反应器磁场流化床反应器固定床固定床旋转床旋转床磁磁固定固定床床累积

2、速率关键组分转化速率关键组分输出速率关键组分输入速率关键组分累积速率产物组分输出速率产物组分生成速率产物组分输入速率产物组分累积速率单位时间内的反应热单位时间内输出的热量单位时间内输入的热量单位时间内动量累积的动量消耗的动量输出的动量输入的AABR(1)AAOAnnx1( )AAAdCdnrkf CdtV dt rAAAOAAOrAAAOAArAArAVrdxndtdxndtVrxnndtdnVrdtdnVr)(, 0)1 (, 01AfAAxxttxt,; 0, 0dxVrntAfxrAAO0)(0dV AOAOrnCVAfxAAOrdxCt0)(AAkCr )1 (AAOAxkCr) 1(

3、)1 ()1 ()(1100kxCtxkCdxCrdxCtAfAOxAAOAOxAAOAfAfAfxkt11ln1, 11tAOCrVArrVOQ()rOOVQtt=,0.40.85rVV /0.40.60.70.85TOttt=tTAAtCr、Rn TRtn /RRROV CFtt=AP1PArk CAQ2QArk C0)(21dtdnCkkVAAr01dtdnCkVPAr02dtdnCkVQArmax0RRFdtdF0)(21dtdCCkkAA01dtdCCkPA02dtdCCkQA000AAOPQtCCCC、AAAOxkktCCkkt11ln1ln12121或12exp () tAAOC

4、Ckk)(exp1,)(exp12121221211tkkkkCkCtkkkkCkCAOQAOPAPQtCCC、12PQCkCk12kkARS 112,ARAARdCdCk Ck Ck Cdtdt000AAORStCCCC、)1 (),(21122112112kkekekCCCCCeekkCkCtktkAORAAOStktkAORtkAOAeCC1tkAORReCkCkdtdC112PC1221ln(/)opkktkk12kk12lloptkk图图2-3 连续釜式反应器连续釜式反应器 )(ArAAOOrVQCCQ)()(AAAOOrrCCQV(1)AAOACCxAOAAOACCCx)(AAAO

5、OrrxCQV33()/rOVmsQms1s正常动力学正常动力学反常动力学反常动力学图图2-4 釜式反应器的体积比较釜式反应器的体积比较 )(AAAOOrrxCQV)/(AArx图图2-5 并联的釜式反应器并联的釜式反应器 12AfAfAfxxx212211/OrOrQVQV)1 (AAOAxkCr)1 (AAOAxkCr12rrVV12NpxkxxQVApApApOrp3 , 2 , 1,)1 ()(1NpkxxApAp3 , 2 , 1,1)1 ()1 (11)1 ()(1,)1 ()(11ApApApApApApOOrpxXxkxkXxQQV)1 ()1)(1 ()1 ()1 ()1 (

6、)1 ()1 ()1 (1211kkkxxxxxxANANAONANAOkxx)1 ()1 ()1 ( 1)11(11NANxkzN1NrriOiVVNQApxApCANxNAONNNNAONNOrAOAOOrAOAOAOAOOrNAONNOrAOOrAOOrAOAOOrxCkxxxxkCxxQVxCkxxxxkCxxQVkCxCkxxkCxQVxkCxxQVxkCxxQVxkCxxQVxkCxQV,)()1 ( ,)1 ()(,)()1 ( ,)1 ()()1(11,1)1 ( ,)1 ()1 ()1 ()()1 ()(,)1 ()(,)1 ()1 (11212221211111323212

7、1ANxANNNAONNNNAONNAOAOAOAOAOAONAONNAOAOAOAOxxxCkxxxxkCxxxCkxxxxkCxxkCxCkxxkCxxkCxxxkCxxxkCxxxkCx,)()1 ( ,)1 ()(,)()1 ( ,)1 ()()1(11,1)1 ( ,)1 ()1 ()1 ()()1 ()(,)1 ()(,)1 ()1 (1121222121111132321211minNrriiVVAArkCCOOHCHOHOHC322234101 . 2cmmolCAOexpRTEkok) 1 (0567. 0283expREko)2(158. 0298expREko)3(399

8、1. 0313expREko3/06. 1cmg95.5761/min,/1094. 37REkO(min)2171. 030395.5761exp1094. 3exp7RTEkok333500 10 /1.06 607.86 10 (/min)OQm337.86 100.880.266()(1)0.2171 (1 0.88)OAOAfrAOAfQ CxVmkCx)1 ()(AfAOAfAOOAAfAOOrxkCxCQrxCQV)1 (111AAOAAOOrxkCxCQV)1 ()()1 (12111AfAOAAfAOOrAAOAAOOrxkCxxCQVxkCxCQV653. 01Ax3120

9、.063rrVVm312220.126rrVVVm)88.01 ()88.0()1 (111AAAxxx)1 ()(12AfAOAAfAOOrxkCxxCQV种种 类类釜内物料类型釜内物料类型一般反应釜一般反应釜液液固相或固相或液液液相物料液相物料1.01.3气气液相物料液相物料1.02.0发酵釜类发酵釜类1.72.565. 0fMPapw7 . 0iDH /2 . 1/iDHHDVi242 . 143VDi)(75. 0,2 . 14 . 043mDDiimmmDi800)(8 . 0MPapw7 . 0MPaPN0 . 134 . 0 mV 34 . 065. 0/266. 0/mfVVr

10、300（350）400（450）500（550）600（650）7008009001000（1100）1200（1300）1400（1500）1600（1700）1800（1900）2000（2100）2200（2300）240025002600280030003200340035003600380040004000440045004600480050005200540055005600580060000.250.61.01.62.54.06.310.016.025.0MPapWppWpMPa31.2 800/100000.096/0.0096()lph gKgfcmMPa/0.0096/(1

11、.3 0.7)0.015%lpp 1.3 0.7ClpppMPat t tMPaCpDpSCtiCn 2)(4 . 4125. 07 . 03 . 185. 013728007 . 03 . 1mmSnmmSn5 . 4mmSn5mmCSn75. 425. 051Wpp)3 . 115. 1 ()(7 . 03 . 11 . 1MPappW)(7 . 03 . 13 . 1MPappWC0 . 1MPat137)(5 . 4125. 07 . 03 . 15 . 00 . 113728007 . 03 . 121. 1mmSnCpDpSCtiCn5 . 0 221. 14.5nSmmmmSn0

12、 . 5333/260.8 /260.0618TiVDmTFVVV24iFD HVV)(673. 08 . 0)0618. 04 . 0(42mHmmH675dHSl)5 . 03 . 0(220, 9 .16, 3,54dHStTpp25. 1)(14. 10 . 17 . 03 . 125. 1MPapTmax()2()TinnpDSCSC)(2 .122) 125. 05(2) 125. 05800(14. 1maxMPa)(15585. 02039 . 09 . 0MPaSMPaMPaS1559 . 02 .122maxmmmml1409 .133300jiDDDNWpMPaMPaWp

13、MPammDj11001000/2minjDS2CmmC12mmSn4mmSn53195. 0mV jH1VVVF)(21. 095. 00618. 04 . 065. 0mmmHj210mmDi11002mmDi8101mmSn5min/80rn KWP0 . 1 常用轴材料的常用轴材料的 69.553 10Pmn)(Nmm)(553. 9maxmmNnPmMTmax TMW69.553 10 PWn)( 1 .3120802 . 00 . 110553. 92 . 010553. 93636mmnPdmax3maxmax18010TMGJ444351 . 0108mmJMPaG、)/(57

14、. 010180351 . 0108800 . 110553. 93446maxmomO/0 . 15 . 0min/200min/80rrncnnnncnmin/200rn L1L2L3L321LLLLMHL1HM21TFLHHH1H 1H124rFiVVHDH1HiL2L1L3LiiDHS3232iiDHiDiH321LLL、)(455455001mmMHL21675203407471()TFLHHHmm1220.2660.06180.407( )4070.844rFiVVHmmmD112iHHhh112407203610()iHHhhmm800iDmm610iHmm22610406()3

15、3iSHmm3400Lmm1234554714001326()LLLLmm1320()Lmm桨桨 式式 齿片式齿片式 弯叶开启涡轮弯叶开启涡轮 锚锚 式式 框框 式式 螺带式螺带式 螺杆式螺杆式 布鲁马金式布鲁马金式 折叶开启涡轮折叶开启涡轮 弯叶圆盘涡轮弯叶圆盘涡轮 推进式推进式 平直叶圆盘涡轮平直叶圆盘涡轮 搅拌器型式适用条件表搅拌器型式适用条件表视镜的材料视镜的材料 202型型 204型型 205型型 206型型 207型型 212型型 222型型 AOPnnY AOnPn)/(AAOPnnnS112212,pABQABABPrk C CABQrk C C1111222121121211

16、1ABABABABk C CSkk C Ck C CCCk2121, 21EEABCC、ABABABCC、ABCC、ABABBBBA21EE21EE21EE12kkAPQ 122,QPPAPQPdCdCrk Ck Crk Cdtdt121221PAPPAQPCkCkCkCkCkrrS)exp()exp(,exp212111tktkkkkCCtkCCAOPAOA1)exp()exp(exp121122121tktktkkkkCkCkSPA)(1);()/ln(211212121kkktkkkkkktoptop)(368. 01);(21max2121max122kkeYkkkkYpkkkp11(

17、0)1AOAAOrAOACCCVdVCQk Ck1212(0)rPPAPOAPVCCk CkCQk Ck C112121(1)(1)AOAPk Ck CCkkk112(1)(1)PPAOCkYCkk0PdYd)(1);(12112121kkkkkkkopop图图 27 连串反应时的收率连串反应时的收率)(25. 041);()(21max212211maxkkYkkkkkYpp12/kk12/kkrYxpA,dtTcdrHTTKAvArm)()()()(ArrHdtTcdv)( )(TTKAmVrdtdxnAAAO)()(TTcKAdtdxcCHdtdTmvAvAOrAAxAAxAAAOrdC

18、rdxCt00VdtTcdrHvAr)()(dtdxcCHdtdTAvAOr)(AOAOxxTTt, 0)()(AOAvAOrOxxcCHTTrAAOAOOVrCQCQ)()()(AAAOAAAOOrrxCrCCQV0)()(mpOOpOArTTKATcQTcQrHV)()()(mOpOArTTKATTcQrHV)()(OpOArTTcQrHVRTEkko/lnlnYFQQ)(mTTKA)()()(mOpOArTTKATTcQrHV)()1 ()(pOmOpOpOArcQKATTcQKATcQrHVpOArFcQrHVQ)()()1 (pOmOpOYcQKATTcQKATQnAnAOpOrFx

19、kCcQHVQ)1 ()(nAx )1 ( nnAkx)11()1 ()exp(),1()(RTEkkkkCcQHVQOAOpOrF)exp()exp()(RTEkcVcQRTEkCHVQOppOOAOrFFQpOcQ)()1 (pOmOpOYcQKATTcQKATQYQ)(pOmOcQKATTpOcQKA1TQYTQY(1)OpKAQcTQYFYQQ TQFFYQQ TQFTQY2YFQQFYQQ FYQQYFdQdQdTdT)(pOrAFcQHrVdTddTdQexp)1 (RTExCkrnAnAOA)1 (Ax2)exp()1 ()(RTERTExkCcQHrVdTdQnAnAOpOrA

20、F(1)YOpdQKAdTQc (1)()mYOOpOpKATdQdKATTdTdTQcQc2()()1(1) exp()nnArAOAOpOpVrHKAEEkCxQcQcRTRT2)exp()1 ()(1RTERTExkCcQHrVnAnAOpOrAn n 空管中流体状况空管中流体状况 管式反应器示意图管式反应器示意图 ()()AAAArFFdFr dV )1 (,AAOAArAxFFrdVdFAOAOAOArAAOQCFrdVdxF,rAAOAOAdVdxCQr)(ArxAAOAOVrrrdxCQdVV00)(ArAfx)(AAfAOAOrrxCQVAxAAOAOrrdxCQV0)(AdZ

21、dVrAdZdxCQrdVdxCQrAAOAOArAAOAOA)( ,)(dZdxCurAAOAOA)()1 (AAOAxCCdZdCurAAOA)(理想反应器体积示意图理想反应器体积示意图 热量衡算示意图热量衡算示意图dVrHdTCFdTCFdlTTKAATrPPiPdTTTiRPiRTTimOO)()()()()()()(dTCFPPiPdTTTi)()(dlTTKAm)(dTCFRPiRTTiO)()(PiCdVrHATrO)()(PPiPiRPiRiCFCF)()()()(dVrHdTCFdlTTKAATrPPiPdTTTimOO)()()()()(PPiC )(dVrHdTCFdlT

22、TKAATrPPiPimO)()()()()(rAAOAdVdxFr AAOiAxFlDr24)(lDrHTCFdTCFCFlTTKAiATrPPiPiPPiPiRPiRTTimOO24)()()()()()()()()(ANxANTANrANrlAAOiAxFlDr24)(AxTmNTT AANNANNxxxTTT)1(1;)1(1NANxT、)1(NAr21)1()21(NAANNArrr)1(1;NANxT1NT21NTNT)(21121NNNTTT)1(1NANxT、)1(1NANxT，NiilL1lNLABCAAkCr 9192207.80 10 expkT6.20.62PatmMPahkmolFAO/6 . 1PVnRTRTFPQAOO2 . 6/735082. 06 . 1/PRTFQAOOAxRTPCyFFAOAAOAOO/; 11/ ) 12(; 0 . 1;yoAPRTxyFPFRTQAAOAOO/)1 (AOAAOOCxFQ/ )1 ( )1/()1 ()1 (/)1 (/AAAOAAOAOAAOOAAxxCxFCxFQFCOQAxAAAOOrdxCQV0)(dxxkxkCdxCAAxAAxAAAO00)1 (111l